牛津高中英语模块三原文.doc

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1、牛津高中英语模块三原文篇一：牛津高中英语模块3课文对照 翻译 百度上传 Unit 1 Fog Fog warning When Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. At lunch, the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. At four o'clock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog .She wond

2、ered if the buses would still be running. No buses to King Street Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. How far are you going? the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare. King Street. said Polly. Sorry，Miss replied the man, the truth is that it is too foggy

3、for the bus to run that far. Take the Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi. A tall man As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. At last the train arrived a

4、t Green Park station. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere to be soon. Footsteps When Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud. There was no one in si

5、ght. Polly set off towards Park Street. As she heard a mans voice in her ear saying Sorry. The man moved away. She could feel her heart beating with fear. The helpful stranger Then she heard the sound again-soft footsteps behind her. A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along. Now she

6、 wanted to run, but fear held her still. The footsteps seemed close now. Then a mans voice came out of the darkness. Is anybody there? Polly hesitated. At last she answered, Hello, I think Im lost. A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm. Polly found herself staring up at the fac

7、e of an old man with a beard. Maybe I can help you. Which road do you want? he asked. I live at 86 King Street. Polly replied. Just take my hand. said the man. Come with me. Youll be all right. He took Pollys hand. Watch out for the step here. In his other hand the man carried a stick. Polly heard i

8、t hit the step. I can remember some terrible fogs, but maybe that was before your time. I cant see your face, but you sound young. How old are you? Just twenty. answered Polly. Ah, twenty ! A nice age to be. I was young once. Now were at the crossroads. Turn left here.Im quite lost now. Are you sure

9、 you know the way? Polly was beginning to feel frightened again. Of course. You really shouldnt feel anxious, He held her hand more firmly. The grateful helper Here we are. King Street. He stopped. Thank you so much for coming to my aid. said Polly in relief. Would you like to come in and rest for a

10、 while? Its very nice of you. said the man, but Ill be off. There may be more people lost today, and Id like to help them. You see, a fog this bad is rare. It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when its sunny. A blind person like me cant get across the road without help, ex

11、cept in a fog like this. P18 Project Shark attacks There are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to have attacked human beings. Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark, probably because they have seen the film Jaws. However, two oth

12、er sharks are also rather dangerous: the tiger shark and the bull shark. Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans. There are three types of shark attacks. In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish, but when it tastes

13、human flesh it decides to give up and swims away. In the second type, the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten, and then bites you if it thinks you are. In the third type, the shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you suddenly. The last two types of attack

14、 more often result in the death of humans. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestions. Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them. Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh wound. Sharks can smell blood over a long distance. Do

15、not wear bright clothing or jewellery, because sharks are attracted to the flash of, colours and bright objects. Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people. Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are becoming more popular. If a shark attacks you, follow the

16、 advice below. Keep calm. Do not panic. Hit the shark on the nose with your fist. Stick your finger in the shark's eye. Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 3o times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark. The wonderful world of pigeons It is night. All is quiet. Th

17、e soldiers are asleep while a guard watches for the enemy. There is a flash, and the sound of guns! They are being attacked! Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them. They are all going to bekilled unless they get help. What should they do? An officer writes a short message quickly on a small pi

18、ece of paper: 'Being attacked! Hurry!' He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird. Attaching the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose. It immediately flies into the air and disappears in the dark. Will the bird arrive in time? Will

19、 they be saved? Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in public parks-the pigeon. Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction and can find their way home over long distances. Indeed, pigeons have been known to fly home from as far away as 1,800 kil

20、ometres. That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or even the mail. However, it was in war that they found their greatest use. During both World War I and II, pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldi

21、ers and even helping win some important victories. How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a compass inside them that tells them which way is north. How this compass works remains a mystery. Of course, since a compass alone is not enough to find one's way, they also appear to use t

22、heir sight and even their sense of smell to tell them which way they should go. Unlike humans, they never get lost and can always find their way home. Unit 2 English and its history All through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English lan

23、guage is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. Old English Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Befo

24、re the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainlandthe Angles and the Saxonsoccupied Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. (Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles;

25、 the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them t

26、heir languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England. When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, bu

27、t with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians. Middle EnglishMiddle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a par

28、t in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as mush as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 ye

29、ars earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words

30、with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French). It is interesting to learn how the words for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came

31、from Old French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon. Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said housen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began usin

32、g the French way of making plurals, adding an -s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children. After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century, Eng

33、lish had come into widespread use among all classes in England. In 1399, Hey became King of England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events. Modern English Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this Modern English includes

34、many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. It is certain that this process will continue, a

35、nd people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things. Project The development Chinese characters The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting toget

36、her different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese wr

37、iting. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the tracks of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Som

38、e characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time.However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time

39、 turned into the character used nowadays. Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. For example, 'rest' was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character '

40、;prisoner' was formed with a 'man' inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for 'up' and 'down', which are opposites of each other. Though these ki

41、nds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way

42、. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now they have widespread use in China's mainland. The story of Braille Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. However, this is not always true. For

43、example, blind people cannot see, but they can still read books. The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille (1809-1852). Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury. When he was ten, he went to a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for

44、 blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. The whole system was not convenient for use. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it. In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed t

45、he students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle. His system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers. Each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consisted of twelve dots. The soldiers would drag their fingers over

46、the raised dots to read the message. While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing

47、 each letter. 'Braille', the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born. The blind can easily recognize Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for r

48、eading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its people to use. Unit 3 Lost civilizations Day 1,15 July篇二：牛津高中英语课文翻译模块三 Appendix I: Translation Unit 1 Reading 雾 比尔洛 浓雾警报 那天早晨波莉离家时，整个城市已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中。午餐时分，收音机预报说，薄雾将会在下午变成浓雾。下午四点，波莉下了班，步入了浓雾中。她不知道公交车是否还会照常运行。 没有到国王大街的巴士 一走到街上，她就快步向平常乘车的公交车站走去。 “您要坐多远？”巴士售票员收下她的车费前问道。 “国王大街。”波莉答道。 “对不起，小姐，”售票员回答说，“现实情况是雾太浓了，公交车跑不了那么远。乘地铁到格林公园吧。那里的天气可能好一点，您也许能叫到一辆出租车。” 高个子男人 当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感到她正被一个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人注视着。地铁终于到达了格林公园站。当其他乘客走出车厢时，她扫视了一下她周围的一张张面孔。那个高个子男人不见了。 脚步声