钻井专业英语题库（高级）.doc

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1、油田生产事业部钻井专业 高级英语题库一、专业词汇英译汉（125题）1 Drilling Superintendent 钻井监督2 OIM 海上设施经理3 Senior Toolpusher 高级队长4 Junior Toolpusher 值班队长5 Driller 司钻6 Assistant Driller（简AD）副司钻7 Derrick Man 井架工8 Floor Man （或roughneck）钻工9 Barge Master（或captain）船长10 First Mate(或Barge Engineer) 大副11 Chief Engineer 轮机长12 Flag Man(或He

2、ad of Roustabout) 甲板班长13 Crane Operator 吊车工14 Roustabout 甲板工15 Mechanic 机械师16 Electrician 电气师17 Motorman 轮机员18 Welder 焊工19 Warehouse Man (或Material Man) 材料员20 Medic 医生21 Safety Supervisor 安全监督22 Interpreter（或translator）翻译23 Chief Steward 管事24 Cook 厨师25 Steward 厨工26 Laundry Man 洗衣工27 Company Man (或Op

3、erators Representative) 公司代表28 Geologist 地质师29 Mud Logging Engineer(或Mud logger) 泥浆录井工程师30 Mud Engineer 泥浆工程师31 Cementer 固井工32 Cement Engineer 固井工程师33 Testing Engineer 试油工程师34 Wireline Logging Engineer 电测工程师35 Drawworks 钻井绞车36 Top Drive System(简TDS) 顶驱37 Crown Block 天车38 Traveling Block 游车39 Pipe Sp

4、inning Wrench 钻杆气动扳手40 Cat Head 液压猫头41 Fishing Tool 打捞工具42 Power Tong 动力大钳43 Air Winch (或Air Tugger) 气动绞车44 Crown Block Saver 防碰天车装置45 Mud Pump 泥浆泵46 Shale Shaker 振动筛47 Desilter 除泥器48 Desander 除沙器49 Degasser 除气器50 Centrifuge 离心机51 Mud Agitator 泥浆搅拌器52 Mud Mixing System 泥浆混合系统53 Centrifugal Pump 离心泵5

5、4 Rotary Hose 水龙带55 Bulk Air System and Tank 吹灰系统和灰罐56 Pipe Ram Preventer 管子闸板防喷器57 Annular Preventer 万能防喷器58 BOP Stack 防喷器组59 Gate Valves 闸阀60 Standpipe Manifold 立管管汇61 Choke and Kill Manifold 阻流压井管汇62 Remotely Operated Panel 远程控制面板63 Choke Control Panel 阻流控制面板64 Diverter 转喷器65 Vent 通风口、通气口66 Air S

6、upply Fan 供气扇67 Mooring System 锚泊系统68 Communication Equipment 通讯设备69 Jacking System 升降系统70 Skidding System 井架滑移系统71 Windlass 锚机72 Anchor 锚73 Buoy 浮标74 Emergency Generator 应急发电机75 Water Maker (或desalinization unit) 造淡机76 Boiler 锅炉77 Air-conditioning System 空调系统78 Sea Water Service Pump 海水供给系统79 Trans

7、former 变压器80 MCC 马达控制中心81 VFD 变频器82 Fire Control System 消防控制系统83 Portable Extinguisher 移动灭火器84 Fire-Fighting Equipment 消防设备85 Lifeboat 救生艇86 (Inflatable) Life Raft (气胀式)救生筏87 Breathing Apparatus（或breather） 呼吸器88 Life Jacket (或life vest) 救生衣89 Life Buoy 救生圈90 Mud Logging Unit 泥浆录井房91 Standby Boat 值班船

8、92 Day (night) Shift 白（夜）班93 Sack Storage Area 散装材料储存区94 BHA: Bottom Hole Assembly下部钻具组合95 TVD: True Vertical Depth （定向井的）垂直深度96 SCR: Silicon Controlled Rectifier 可控硅97 WOW: Wait on Weather 等候天气98 WOC :Wait on Cement 候凝99 WOB: Weight On Bit 钻压100 RPM: Revolution Per Minute 转速/分钟101 SWL: Safe Working

9、 Load 安全工作负荷102 API :American Petroleum Institute 美国石油学会103 IADC: International Association of Drilling Contractors 国际钻井承包商协会104 drilling under pressure/under balance pressure drilling欠平衡钻井105 drilling over pressure 过平衡钻井106 near-balance pressure drilling 近平衡钻井107 DST-drilling stem test 中途测试108 ECD-

10、equivalent circulating density 等效/当量循环密度109 gas-cut mud/气侵泥浆110 fault 断层111 filter cake 滤饼112 filter loss 滤失量113 flow check 溢流检测114 formation breakdown pressure 地层破裂压力 115 formation competency test 地层承压能力测试116 formation fracture gradient地层破裂压力梯度117 hydrostatic pressure静液压力118 ICP(initial circulating

11、 pressure) 初始循环压力119 FCP (final circulating pressure) 终了循环压力120 permeability 渗透性 121 pit gain 泥浆池增量122 rate of penetration (ROP)机械钻速 m/hr123 snub 不压井起下钻124 stripping in/out 强行起/下钻125 swab 抽汲二 专业词汇汉译英（100题）1. 异常压力 abnormal pressure 2. 储能器瓶 accumulator bottle 3. 酸化压裂 acid fracture(AF) 4. 可调节流阀 adjusta

12、ble choke 5. 环空压力(套压) annular pressure/casing pressure 6. 立压 drillpipe pressure 7. 环空上返速度 annular velocity 8. 倒扣/卸扣 back off 9. 回压 back-pressure10. 防喷器控制系统 blowout preventer control unit(Closing unit)11. 上返时间 bottoms-up time 12. 迟到时间 lag time 13. 套管破裂压力 casing burst pressure14. 单向阀 check valve 15. 节

13、流阀 choke 16. 关井压力 closed-in pressure （shut-in pressure）17. 司钻法 drillers method18. 等待加重法/工程师法 wait-and-weight method 19. 钻具内防喷器 inside blowout preventer 20. 井涌 kick /overflow21. 压井管线 kill line 22. 堵漏剂 lost circulation additives 23. 泥浆压力梯度 mud gradient 24. 返出物 returns 25. 浅层气 shallow gas 26. 井塌 cave i

14、n 27. 循环池 Active tank 28. 沉砂池 Settling pit 29. 空气包 Air chamber 30. 套管割刀 Casing cutter 31. 刮管器 Casing scraper 32. 井口甲板 Cellar deck 33. 灌注泵 Charging pump 34. 回压凡尔 Check valve35. 离合器 Clutch 36. 冷却水泵 Cooling-water pump 37. 变换接头 Crossover joint(x/o) 38. 滚筒 Drum 39. 指梁 Finger board 40. 打捞震击器 Fishing jars

15、41. 铣鞋 Milling shoe 42. 近钻头扶正器 Near-bit stabilizer 43. 非磁钻铤 Non-magnetic drilling collar 44. 鹅颈管 Goose neck pipe 45. 内外加厚 Internal external upset 46. 内平钻杆接头 Internal flush joint 47. 打捞杯 Junk sub 48. 方钻杆保护接头 Kelly protective sub 49. 键槽破坏器 Key seat reamer 50. 弯管 Knee pipe 51. 锁紧螺栓 Lock bolt 52. 开口扳手 O

16、pen-ended spanner 53. 梅花扳手 Ring spanner 54. 钳子 Pincers 55. 铆钉 Rivet 56. 套筒扳手 Socket 57. 虎钳 vice(vise)58. 缸套 Liner 59. 活塞 Piston 60. 活塞皮碗 Piston cup 61. 活塞杆 Piston rod 62. 旋塞阀 Plug valve 63. 气动工具 Pneumatic tool 64. 滑轮 Pulley 65. 反循环打捞篮 Reverse circulation junk basket 66. 钢圈 Ring gasket 67. 立根盒 Setbac

17、k 68. 螺旋钻铤 Spiral drill collar 69. 盘根盒 Stuffing box 70. 井架大门 v-door 71. 冲管 wash pipe 72. 耐磨补芯 wear bushing 73. 造斜器，斜向器 whip stock 74. 钻杆排放区 Pipe Rack Area 75. 坡道 Ramp 76. 餐厅 Mess(也称Dining) Room 77. 娱乐室 Recreation Room 78. 工衣房 Change Room 79. 厨房 Kitchen 80. 套管扶正台 Casing Stabbing Board81. 通管器 Rabbit 8

18、2. 尾管 Liner83. 导管 Conductor84. 扩眼钻头 Reamer85. 打捞筒 Overshot86. 打捞篮 Junk Basket87. 打捞矛 Spear88. 打捞公锥 Fishing Tap 89. 下部钻具组合 Bottom Hole Assembly （BHA）90. 重晶石 Barite 91. 般土 Bentonite 92. 润滑油 Lubricant (Lube/Lube Oil) 93. 黄油 Grease 94. 添加剂 Additive 95. 烧碱 Caustic Soda 96. 稀释剂 Thinner 97. 氧气 Oxygen 98. 氮

19、气 Nitrogen 99. 乙炔 Acetylene 100. 万用表 Multimeter 101. 焊机 Welding Machine 三 专业英语阅读理解（25题）1.Power SystemThe main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole, or as it is known in the industry, to make hole. Making hole with a rotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but a lot of equipment as w

20、ell. In order to learn about the components that it takes to make hole, it is convenient to divide them into four main systems: power, hoisting, rotating, and circulating. Various components comprise the last three systems, but all require power to make them work.Practically every rig uses internal-

21、combustion engines as its prime power source, or its prime mover. A rigs engines are similar to the one in a car except that rig engines are bigger, more powerful, and do not use gasoline as a fuel. Also, rigs require more than one engine to furnish the needed power. Most rig engines today ate diese

22、ls, although some are still around that burn natural or liquefied gas as a fuel. Gas engines use spark plugs to ignite the fuel-air mixture in their combustion chambers to produce power.On the other hand, diesel engines do not have spark plugs. Instead, the fuel-air mixture is ignited by the heat th

23、at is generated by compression inside the engine. Any time a gas is compressed, its temperature rises; compress it enough (as in a diesel engine), and, if its flammable, it gets hot enough to ignite. Therefore, diesel engines are sometimes called compression-ignition engines, while gas and gasoline

24、are called spark-ignition engines. Diesel engines have almost totally supplanted gas engines because diesel engines are generally less expensive to operate.A rig, depending on its size and how deep a hole it must drill, may have from two to four engines. Naturally, the bigger the rig, the deeper it

25、can drill and the more power it will need. Thus, the big rigs have three or four engines, all of them together developing up to 3000 or more horsepower. Of course, once all the horsepower is develop, it must be sent, or transmitted, to the components to be put to work. Two common methods are used to

26、 transfer the power electrical and mechanical.1.Compared with a rigs engines the one in a car is bigger and more powerful.（F）2.A rig needs two or more engines for the required power. （T）3.Diesel engines are different from gas engines in that diesel engines use spark plugs to ignite the fuel-air mixt

27、ure in their combustion chambers to produce power. （F）4.Gas engines are less expensive to operate than diesel engines. （F）5.Three or four engines in a big rig will produce up to 30 000 or more horsepower. （F）2.The Drawworks and the Cat-headsThe drawworks is a big, heavy piece of machinery. It consis

28、ts of a revolving drum around which the wire rope called the drilling line is spooled or wrapped. It also has a cat shaft on which the cat-heads are mounted. Further, it has several other shafts, clutches, and chain-and-gear drives for speed and direction changes. It also contains a main brake, whic

29、h has the ability to stop and prevent the drum from turning. When heavy loads are being raised or lowered, the main brake is assisted by an auxiliary hydraulic or electric brake to help absorb the momentum created by a heavy load.Typically, four cat-heads are mounted on the cat shaft of the drawwork

30、s. A cat-head looks somewhat like a cats head when viewed end on. Two different types of cat-heads are mounted on each end of the cat shaft, which extends out from both sides of the drawworks. On the very ends of the cat shaft are the friction cat-heads and right next to them are the automatic or me

31、chanical cat-heads.A friction cat-head is a relatively small, spool-shaped device. Using a large fiber rope (called the catline) wrapped several times around the spool of the friction cat-head, a crew member can use the cat-head to hoist pieces of equipment that have to be moved around on the rig fl

32、oor. Many rigs are now equipped with small air-powered hoists that are used in place of the friction cat-heads. Air hoists are items of equipment separate from the drawworks and are much safer and easier to use than a cat-head.A mechanical cat-head can be employed to make up or break out the drill s

33、tring when it is being taken out or being put into the hole, or when a length of drill pipe is added as the hole deepens. The mechanical cat-head located on the side of the drawworks near the drillers position is the makeup cat-head because it plays a part when drill pipe is made up. The mechanical

34、cat-head on the other side of the drawworks is the breakout cat-head because it plays a part when drill pipe is broken out.1. Which of the following is not a part of the draw-works? （c）a. Clutchesb. Revolving drumc. Catd. Cat-shaft2. _ is used to stop the revolving drum from turning. （a）a. A main br

35、akeb. An auxiliary brakec. A hydraulic braked. An electric brake3. Which kind of cat-heads can be mounted on the cat shaft? （d）a. Friction cat-headsb. Automatic cat-headsc. mechanical cat-headsd. all of the above4. _can be used to replace the friction cat-heads? （d）a. Automatic cat-headsb. Mechanica

36、l cat-headsc. Spool-shaped deviced. Air-powered hoists5. Which of the following is not true? （d）a. A mechanical cat-head can be used to make up the drill string.b. A mechanical cat-head can be used to brake up the drill string.c. A mechanical cat-head on the other side of the drawworks near the dril

37、lers position plays a part when drill pipe is made up.d. A mechanical cat-head on the other side of the drawworks near the drillers position plays a part when drill pipe is broken out.3.The Blocks and Drilling LineA drilling line is made of wire rope that generally ranges from 1? To 1? inches in dia

38、meter. Wire rope is similar to common fiber rope, but wire rope, as the name implies, is made out of steel wires and is a fairly complex device. It looks very much like what ordinary folks call cable but is designed especially for the heavy loads encountered on the rig.For wire rope to be useful as

39、the drilling line, it has to be strung up, for it arrives at the rig wrapped on a large supply reel. So, the first step in stringing up the drilling line is to take the end of the line off the supply reel and raise the end up to the very top of the mast or derrick where a large, multiple pulley is i

40、nstalled. This large set of pulley is called the crown block. The pulleys are called sheaves (pronounced shivs ). The drilling line is reeved (threaded) over a crown block sheave and lowered down to the rig floor. On the rig floor rests (only temporarily for now) another very large set of pulleys or

41、 sheaves called the traveling block. The end of the line is reeved through one of the traveling block sheaves, and is raised again up to the crown block. There the line is reeved over a sheave in the crown block, lowered back down, reeved again through the traveling block, taken back up to the crown

42、 block, brought back down to the traveling block, and so on, until the correct number of lines has been strung up.The number of lines, of course, is only one; but, since the drilling line is reeved several times over the crown block sheaves and through the traveling block sheaves, the effect is that

43、 of several lines. The number of lines strung depends on how much weight needs to be supported. For example, if a deep hole is going be drilled, more lines are strung (say, eight or ten) than would be strung for a shallower well. It takes more pipes and thus a heavier load to drill a deep hole than

44、it does to drill a shallow hole.Once the last line has been strung over the crown block sheaves, the end of the line is lowered down to the rig floor and attached to the drum in the drawworks. Several wraps of line are then taken around the drawworks drum. The part of the drilling line running out o

45、f the drawworks up to the crown block is called the fastline-fast because it moves as the traveling block is raised or lowered in the derrick. The end of the line that runs from the crown block down to the wire-rope supply reel is then secured. This part of the line is called the deadline-dead because, once it is secured, it does not move. Mounted in the rig substructure is a device called a deadline anchors. The deadline is firmly clamped to the anchor. Now the traveling block ca