物流管理外文翻译我国果蔬冷链物流现状.doc

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1、大连交通大学信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)外文翻译学生姓名 专业班级 物流管理07-3班 指导教师 职 称 讲师 所在单位 管理系物流营销教研室 教学部主任 王岩 完成日期 2011 年 04 月 08 日Status of fruit and vegetable cold chain logisticsThe definition of cold chain logistics Refrigerated cold chain refers to food production, storage, transportation, sales, to all the aspects before

2、consumption is always under low temperature to ensure food quality and reduce food losses in a systematic project. It is with the scientific and technological progress, the development of refrigeration technology set up, freezing technology is based, low-temperature refrigeration technology as a mea

3、ns of logistics processes; is in need of special equipment, care delivery processes, time control, transportation, patterns, the cost of logistics cost accounts for a very high proportion of special logistics form. The application of cold chain logistics Scope of application of cold chain logistics,

4、 including: primary agricultural products: vegetables, fruit; meat, poultry, eggs; aquatic products, flowers products. Processed foods: frozen foods, poultry, meat, aquatic products and other packaging of cooked food, ice cream and dairy products; fast-food raw materials. Special products: drugs. As

5、 food cold chain is for the purpose of ensuring the quality of perishable foods to maintain low temperatures required for the core supply chain systems, so it is at room temperature than the requirements of the logistics system, higher and more complex, but also much larger capital investment, is a

6、huge project. Because the timeliness requirements of perishable food cold chain organizations of all aspects of coordination with higher, so the food is always cold chain operations and the associated energy costs, effective control of operating costs and is closely related to the development of the

7、 food cold chain. The significance of the cold chain logistics As a consumer, whether in the consolidated hypermarkets, supermarkets, or in the traditional farms to buy meat, dairy products, frozen packaged food requiring temperature control to a series of fresh products, in addition to considering

8、whether a product is genuine, no forgery, counterfeit, and reliable, there are not taken into account how these products distribution from the manufacturer to the retail end? because of the very warm throughout the supply chain, product quality assurance is very important, no matter how good the pro

9、duct if the transport and storage problems caused by not fresh, it will affect the nutrition and taste changes or small, serious cases will have an impact on physical health, it can be equated and shoddy goods, but the supply chain behind the majority of consumers are often can not understand. Chill

10、ed and frozen foods require a complete cold chain logistics for temperature control throughout the goods (according to the relevant rules) to ensure food safety; This includes loading and unloading the closed environment, storage and transportation, etc., can not be a part of less; complete frozen f

11、ood supply chain is an essential element in food safety, so cold chain logistics requirements are relatively high, the corresponding investment management and financial aspects of logistics than normal room temperature is larger. The status of cold chain logistics in China According to the Chinese F

12、ood Industry Association data show that the cold chain problems caused by China each year about 130 million tons l200 tons of fruit and vegetable waste, worth 100 billion U.S. dollars. The number of the authenticity of these figures we do not pursue the matter, but because of the government norms on

13、 food refrigeration chain logistics required to operate the food is a fact, official statistics are about 80% of the fruits, vegetables , meat and fish to traditional cars (at room temperature and holding car) for transport. Main cause of this situation are: 1. The quality of services 2. The quality

14、 of transport 3. Lack of reliable logistics service providers (especially the large regional and national logistics service provider) 4. High cost 5. Transportation and storage infrastructure, inadequate Cold chain logistics in Chinas development problems in the First, the use of relatively high pri

15、ces of cold chain logistics business is good. This is an issue of interest and involves the entire value chain parties. If some vendors want to use a regular car, but the retailer or consumer has not given extra care (no benefit in the retail sector), but with other suppliers the same treatment (as

16、in the receipt by the Executive different standards, can not be strictly enforced, which hit a good brand.) Since there is no good because a supplier of cold chain logistics and provide additional care, such an action would indirectly encourage suppliers to use non-standard vehicles (motley crew). T

17、he suppliers can really do in a few, this is a benefit, not a logistics problem. Some of the biggest obstacles is that suppliers want to use the regular car, the retailer has not given extra care. Shanghai stringent requirements of some retailers to use refrigerated trucks, which required the whole

18、of China is the highest. Second, the Government should further strengthen the cold chain rule execution. Although there are relevant laws and regulations, but the government pay more attention to logistics than outside the cold chain (such as place of origin, health problems, etc.), but not more che

19、ck the quality of the cold chain, it is now used throughout the cold chain logistics that enterprises are to establish their own brands, setting standards for the operation of the self-chain logistics, and there is a McDonalds representative, Bright Dairy and other brands. They own the international

20、 certification system adopted for the entire cold chain logistics management. Third, the provision of formal third-party logistics companies cold chain logistics much larger scale, more of a guerrilla siege of the regular forces, some third-party logistics to compete on price with no profit to inves

21、tment and expansion. Quantity is the king of the logistics operation, if there is not enough, prices will remain high, more potential customers will stop the use of formal services. Fresh Logistics and bright HAVI are based on the distribution of light and McDonalds to develop a third party, if ther

22、e are no major customers are more difficult development. The improvement of logistics enterprises themselves, how can do to further the services for the enterprise is also a need to upgrade, because after all, is a young industry. Third-party logistics itself but also to reduce costs and expand the

23、scale, as soon as possible to make it a virtuous circle. This will also need to have a longer-term process of cooperation. Therefore, the relevant government departments need to strengthen the rules of the food supply chain execution and supervision, guide enterprises to the formal development of co

24、ld chain logistics, and can not rely on companies to brand and self-discipline. Meanwhile third-party logistics also need to actively work and train qualified personnel to develop and grow their own; but some enterprises have put into the larger infrastructure is very advanced, but in management, di

25、d not reach a certain level. In this context, the logistics do HAVI more prominent, and its leading technology and brand management, such as through the Fourth, to manage and optimize resources in society, consistently with the process to manage and help them through the integration of social resour

26、ces. Management is a key, a nine libraries, well managed, including equipment management and maintenance of vehicles is not the highest level of the vehicle, but its leading management tools such as route optimization, the quality of personnel, the global certification are leading in the industry. C

27、old storage building is not a cutting-edge technology, purchase of refrigerated trucks party can invest in, rather than the current year of some more contracts, or large-scale investment will be unlikely. Now the integrity of the two sides yet to be established, which will help long-term cooperation

28、, and more short-term behavior. The lack of long-term strategic cooperation is also constrained the development of a factor in this industry. Fourth, do not use the concept of total cost, companies pay more attention to unit costs, without considering how the use of qualified and quality of logistic

29、s service providers to reduce the losses of goods, because the consumption of cold chain logistics is considerable. This is currently Chinas logistics more serious phenomenon. Prospect of cold chain logistics in China That do not follow the standard operation, do not, pure price competition, large-s

30、cale use at room temperature / heat in the vehicle instead of the phenomenon of cold chain logistics is the status of cold chain logistics. Chinas cold chain logistics seem to fall into a vicious circle, on the one hand the quality of service required, and the other hand, they tend to use cheaper no

31、n-formal service providers. Therefore, the relevant government departments need to strengthen the rules of the food supply chain execution and supervision, guide enterprises to the formal development of cold chain logistics, and can not fully rely on the company brand and the self-discipline in orde

32、r: while the third party logistics also need to actively work and train qualified personnel to development and growth of their own; but there are also large enterprises have invested, the infrastructure is very advanced, but in management, did not reach a certain level. In this context, the logistic

33、s do HAVI more prominent, and its leading technology and brand management, such as through the Fourth, to manage and optimize resources in society, consistently with the process to manage and help them through the integration of social resources. Management is a key, a nine libraries, well managed,

34、including equipment management and maintenance of vehicles is not the highest level of the vehicle, but its leading management tools such as route optimization, the quality of personnel, the global certification are leading in the industry. Cold storage building is not a cutting-edge technology, pur

35、chase of refrigerated trucks is not very expensive, so the lack of infrastructure, so it is not a problem (especially in China, todays surplus funds), the most difficult is the cold chain management talents and the establishment of a good management system. China is still a lack of cold chain manage

36、ment and personnel, after all, the development of modern cold chain logistics in China is still not too long, there is a higher value-added logistics area, the internal training up little by little, otherwise it will be a lot of constraints, fourth party logistics management is the output management

37、, is a weight management, asset-light approach. Logistics enterprises introduced by the Government is required to have a standard number of fixed assets, which is misleading, it will re-balance, resulting waste of resources. Although the development of Chinese modern cold chain logistics bottlenecks

38、 and a lot of problems, but not all bad news, good news is, the state laws and regulations in this area more and more strict, more and more high degree of awareness of the retail terminal requirements for suppliers more and more, are constantly required regular cold chain requirements; this is the r

39、esult of social development is also key to the development of China cold chain, more important is the development of relations between market supply and demand is an important trend. Competition in the product itself, one can guarantee the temperature of the product than the other can not guarantee

40、the temperature of the product more popular by the retailer. In eastern China, on the cold chain were increased awareness and demand for fast, do it the best in the country, Shanghai is the best of East China, Shanghai consumers have reason to be pleased. So the next time you are shopping as consume

41、rs pay more attention when behind the product cold chain logistics, which will indirectly help the industry. 我国果蔬冷链物流现状冷链物流的定义 冷链物流泛指冷藏冷冻类食品在生产、贮藏运输、销售，到消费前的各个环节中始终处于规定的低温环境下，以保证食品质量，减少食品损耗的一项系统工程。它是随着科学技术的进步、制冷技术的发展而建立起来的，是以冷冻工艺学为基础、以制冷技术为手段的低温物流过程；是需要特别装置，需要注意运送过程、时间掌控、运输型态、物流成本所占成本比例非常高的特殊物流形式。冷链

42、物流的适用范围 冷链物流的适用范围包括：初级农产品：蔬菜、水果；肉、禽、蛋；水产品、花卉产品。加工食品：速冻食品、禽、肉、水产等包装熟食、冰淇淋和奶制品；快餐原料。特殊商品：药品。由于食品冷链是以保证易腐食品品质为目的，以保持低温环境为核心要求的供应链系统，所以它比一般常温物流系统的要求更高、更复杂，建设投资也要大很多，是一个庞大的系统工程。由于易腐食品的时效性要求冷链各环节具有更高的组织协调性，所以，食品冷链的运作始终是和能耗成本相关联的，有效控制运作成本与食品冷链的发展密切相关。冷链物流的意义 作为一个普通消费者，无论是在综合大卖场、超市还是在传统的菜场购买肉类、乳制品、冷冻的包装食品等一

43、系列需要温度控制来保鲜的产品时，除考虑产品是否是货真价实， 无造假、伪劣和质量可靠外， 有没有考虑到这些产品是如何从生产厂家配送到零售终端的? 因为非常温产品在整个供应链中的质量保证是非常重要的，再好的产品如果由于运输和储存中的问题而造成的不新鲜，会影响营养和味道变化还是小事，严重的情况会对身体健康产生影响，故可以等同于伪劣商品， 但是这背后的供应链往往是广大的消费者所无法了解到的。 冷藏和冷冻食品需要一个完整的冷链物流对货物进行全程的温度控制（根据相关的规则），以确保食品的安全；这包括装卸货物时的封闭环境、储存和运输等等，一个环节都不能少；完整的冷藏食品供应链是食品安全不可或缺元素，因此冷链

44、物流的要求比较高，相应的管理和资金方面的投入也比普通的常温物流要大。冷链物流在中国的现状 根据中国食品工业协会资料显示，中国由于冷链的问题造成每年约有l200万吨水果和13亿吨蔬菜的浪费，总值在100亿美元。这些数字的真实性有多少我们暂时不去追究，但是由于不按照国家有关食品冷藏冷冻的规范来操作需要冷链物流的食品是一个事实，非正式的统计是约有80左右的水果、蔬菜、肉类和水产以传统的车厢（常温和保温车）进行运输。造成这一情况的主要原因有：1服务的质量2运输的质量3缺乏可靠的物流服务商（特别是大型区域和全国范围的物流服务提供商）4高费用5运输和储存等基础设施的不足冷链物流在中国的发展中所存在的问题

45、第一、使用价格相对较高的冷链物流对企业是否有好处。这是一个利益的问题，并牵涉到整个价值链上的各方。如果一些供应商想使用正规的车，但是零售商或消费者并没有因此而给予额外的照顾（没有在零售上得到好处），而是与其它的供应商同等对待（如在收货时所执行的标准不同，无法严格执行，从而打击了好的品牌）。由于并没有因为某个供应商提供较好的冷链物流而给予额外的照顾，这样一来就间接地鼓励了供应商使用非标准的车（杂牌军）。而真正能做到的供应商则在少数，这是一个利益的问题，而不是一个物流的问题。最大的阻力在于一些供应商也想使用正规的车，零售商并没有给予额外的照顾。上海的一些零售商严格要求使用冷藏车，这在整个中国要求是

46、最高的。 第二、政府应该进一步加强有关冷链规则的执行力。虽然有相关的法规，但政府更多地关注除冷链物流以外的地方（如产品的产地、卫生问题等），而没有更多地查冷链的质量，故目前那些使用全程冷链物流的企业则是为了树立自己的品牌， 而自定标准来运作冷链物流， 这里面的代表是麦当劳、光明乳业等品牌企业。他们自己沿用国际的认证体系，对全程的冷链物流进行管理。 第三、正规的提供第三方冷链物流的物流公司规模大的不多，更多的是游击队围攻正规部队， 一些第三方物流以价格来竞争，无利润来进行投资和扩大规模。在“量”就是王的物流运作中，如果没有足够的量，价格会居高不下，便会制止更多的潜在客户使用正规的服务。光明的领鲜

47、物流和夏晖都是依托光明和麦当劳的配送来发展第三方，如果没有大的客户是较难发展的。物流企业本身的提高，如何能进一步为企业的服务做好也是一个需要提升的问题， 因为这毕竟是一个年轻的行业。第三方物流本身也要减低成本和扩大规模，尽快使其成为一个良性循环。同时这也需要有一个较长期的合作过程。因此政府有关部门需要强化食品的供应链规则的执行和监督，引导企业向正规的冷链物流发展，而不能完全要靠公司为了品牌而自律。同时第三方物流也需要积极开展工作和培养人才来发展和壮大自己；但是也有些企业虽然投入较大，基础设施也非常先进，但是在管理等方面没有达到一定的水平。在这方面，夏晖物流做得比较突出，其领先的管理技术和品牌，

48、如通过第四方物流，来管理和优化社会上资源，坚持不懈地按照流程来管理并帮助其通过整合社会资源。管理是一个重点，一个九年的库，管理有方，包括设备的管理和维护等，车辆也不是最高等级的车辆，但其领先的管理手段如路线的优化，人员的素质，全球的认证等均在行业中领先。建冷库已经不是一个尖端的技术，同时购买冷藏车方可以投资，而不是目前较多的一年一定的合同，否则规模较大的投资会不太可能。现在双方的诚信还没有建立起来，利于长期的合作，而更多的是短期行为。长期的战略合作的缺乏也是制约这个行业发展的一个因素。 第四、没有使用整体成本的概念，企业比较注重单价成本，而没有考虑如何通过使用合格和优质的物流服务商来减少货物的损失等，因为在冷链物流中的消耗是可观的。这个也是中国物流中目前较为严重的现象。冷链物流在中国的展望 这种不按有关的标准运作、做不大、纯价格竞争、大量使用常温保温车辆来代替从事冷链物流的现象是目前冷链物流的现状。中国的冷链物流似乎陷入一个怪圈，一方面要求有质量的服务商，而另外一方面又往往使用价格便宜的非正规的服务商。因此政府有关部门需要 强化食品的供应链规则的执行和监督，引导企业向正规的冷链物流发展，而不能完全要靠公司为了品牌而自律：同时第三方物流也需要积极开展工作和培养人才来发展和壮大自己； 但是也有企业虽