毕业论文 外文 文献 翻译 中英文 绿色包装.doc

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1、Green PackagingGreen Package in 1987 originated in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development Council published Our Common Future, in June 1992 of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development adopted the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Agenda 21, the

2、n the whole Set off a global scale in order to protect the ecological environment at the core of the green wave. Green Package (Green Package) was called Friends of the Environment and packaging (Environmental Friendly Package) or eco-packaging (Ecological Package). Green packaging should be: on the

3、 ecological environment and human health-friendly and can cycle recycling and reuse, promote sustained national economic development package. This means that the packaging of products from raw materials selection, product manufacturing, use, recycling and waste of the whole process should be in line

4、 with the ecological and environmental protection. It includes a resources-saving, energy, to reduce and avoid waste generation, recycling easy to reuse, recycling, incineration or degradation, such as ecological and environmental protection requirements. Green packaging as the content of the advanc

5、es in technology, the development of the packaging will also have a new meaning. Green packaging in general should have the connotation of the five areas: First, the implementation of packaging reduction (Reduce). In the packaging to meet the protection and convenience features such as the sale cond

6、itions, should be the minimum amount. Second, the packaging should be easy to reuse (Reuse), or easy-to-Recycling (Recycle). Through the production of renewable products, the use of thermal incineration, composting and other measures to improve the soil to re-use. Third, the degradation of packaging

7、 waste can be corrupt (Degradable). The final non-permanent form of refuse, and then meet the soil. Reduce Reuse, Recycle and Degradable in the world today that is recognized by the development of green packaging of the principle of 3R1D. Fourth, packaging materials on the human body should be non-t

8、oxic and bio-friendly. Packaging materials should not contain toxic elements, bacteria, heavy metals; or those with volume control should be standard in the following. Fifth, packaging products from the acquisition of raw materials, materials processing, product manufacturing, product use, waste rec

9、ycling, until the end of their lives to deal with the whole process did not respond to the human body and environmental pollution. 1. Green packaging Green packaging is the packaging of the product life cycle, the economy can meet the functional requirements of the packaging, the ecological environm

10、ent at the same time, no pollution, no human health hazard, can re-use and recycling to meet sustainable development . Green packaging requirements to achieve the packaging reduction (Reduce), and reuse (Reuse), recycling of renewable (Recycle), Degradable (can corrupt the principle of degradation),

11、 that is the usual principles of the 3R1D, packing it full consideration of the entire life-cycle process Resource, energy and the environment, efforts to reduce the environmental load of packaging materials, packaging achievement of functional and environmental adaptation of balance and unity. 2. T

12、he status quo of Chinas green packaging Chinas packaging industry from nothing more than a decade, from small to large has been attracting world attention for its success story, but with the worlds advanced countries are still disparities, particularly in packaging technology and packaging equipment

13、, packaging design and degree of application of models and concepts And so on. At present, environmental protection due to packaging, packaging of the world organizations active in the international environmental organizations called for direction, such as environmental protection, new packaging, su

14、ch as ISO14000 standards and regulations promulgated. In contrast, Chinas environmental protection packaging and a step behind, environmental protection and home-made packaging materials production capacity is still very low, the study of Chinas environmental protection work of packaging should focu

15、s on the practical application of environmentally friendly packaging. Since the 1980s, the green food and Green Dress, green refrigerators, green car around the world set off a massive wave of green. Foreign per capita consumption of packaging materials in more than 100kg, the United States for the

16、50kg, Japan, 200kg, Germany, 90kg, for the Commonwealth of Independent 80kg, for my 30kg, compared with Chinas annual per capita consumption of packaging materials lower, but Chinas population of more than 1.3 billion, the annual amount of consumption of packaging materials is considerable. Chinas a

17、luminum processing 2, 3 cans recycling issues are quite prominent, in our green packaging design has also done enough, green packaging design in China, there is still greater development. 3. Chinas barriers to the development of green packaging 3.1 Green packaging management laws and regulations are

18、 not sound At present, China has formulated a series of packaging-related laws, regulations, policies and standards. If the clean production and solid waste pollution prevention law on the packaging and product design, rational use and reduce solid waste, excessive packaging, such as gas-recovery on

19、. However, these provisions only be based on the traditional economy, not to over-packaging of goods, hazardous materials, packaging, packaging waste management from the source until the end of the deal as a complete life cycle of packaging waste regulation also Only for the production - consumption

20、 - recycling - renewable - to use the links in one or more years, did not carry out its entire management, contrary to the basic concept of circular economy. 3.2 Green packaging industry lack of policy support As a new green packaging industry in China is still at the initial stage of development, t

21、he need for technology and development, as the use of advanced technology by the scale of production constraints and other reasons, and green packaging products often than the traditional high cost of packaging products, so the traditional Packaging products, does not have the price advantage, which

22、 led directly to the green packaging products in the market competition disadvantages. In China, there is no clear-cut policy to support green packaging industry. 3.3 Lack of innovation and enterprise Chinas packaging industry late start, the foundation is weak, lack of technological innovation, wit

23、h the developed countries, the overall level to 20 years behind, such as polydactyl acid in the environment-friendly packaging application, developed since 1992 to apply for the first 1 Patents play by the end of 2005, a total of 121 public community patent, led to 246 patents. But our country only

24、applied for 12 patents, also only applied for 4 patents the domestic applicant to 2005 years end, only accounts for 3%. Investment in science and technology innovation is an important condition for one of the power industrys successful experience shows that the enterprises for R & D investment accou

25、nts for sales of 1% of the enterprises find it difficult to survive, accounting for barely 2% can be maintained, accounting for only 5% of competitiveness, and Chinas packaging business investment in research and development of the average level of less than 1%. Thus increasing personnel training an

26、d investment in research and development effort is imperative. 3.4 Green consumption to promote the concept of the absence of a system Although the state has issued a Water Pollution Prevention Law, Forest Law and so on a number of resource protection and environmental protection laws and regulation

27、s, which involves the consumption of restraint and advocate green consumption, but there is no specification on a consumer Activities and acts of laws and regulations. Green is spending the majority of the public to participate in the economic cycle of consumer behavior. Chinas consumption of green

28、and a late start has become far from peoples spending habits. According to the survey, 72% thought that the development of the environmental protection industry, the development of green products useful in improving environmental conditions, 54% of the people are willing to use green products, and 3

29、8% said they had to buy green products. From the survey, Chinas consumption of green consumers have a certain understanding of the concept of green consumption began to take shape, but do not put into practice, the concept of green consumption need to promote the system. 4. Perfect green packaging s

30、ystem to achieve circular economy Practice shows that the countries in the world, in order to protect the environment and conserve resources, to promote green packaging, the most effective way is to implement legislation, to use forceful means to manage resources on the packaging. In the long run, C

31、hina should formulate a cycle of economic law, as excessive, China should pay close attention to the development of packaging to address the over-packaging waste packaging and so on, to achieve sustainable socio-economic development. 4.1 The development of packaging to achieve full control of the gr

32、een packaging 4.1.1 Strengthen cleaner production, the source of the implementation of control Circular economy based on the concept of cleaner production of its fundamental purpose is to carry out waste and less waste production, pollution of the production process to achieve zero emissions and man

33、ufacture of green products. Speaking of the packing domain, requests the producer in the packing entire life cycle process, the deference circulation economy “reduces the quantification, the again use, converting into resources” the economic activity behavior principle, causes the packing the influe

34、nce to fall the threshold to the environment. Packaging, should be clear to the production of packaging products, the use of clean energy resources and raw materials in the form of legislation to prohibit the use of certain packaging materials, such as containing lead, mercury, and other components

35、of packaging materials; not reached the proportion of recycled or not Re-use of packaging materials and containers. Expressly prohibits the use of excessive packaging, or one-time package, worked out as soon as possible, over-packaging of the degree quantitative criteria, the source of economic acti

36、vity in the attention on resource conservation and reduce pollution. 4.1.2 The promotion of packaging waste avoidance, reduction and recycling, packaging waste to achieve ecological cycle To promote the recycling of package and many countries have re-use laws, such as Japans new waste disposal law,

37、Germanys economic cycle and to avoid packaging waste law, the requirements printed on the packaging recovery Recycling symbol. Learn from the experience of other countries legislation, packaging law should be clear to avoid packaging waste, reduce and reuse principles and implementation of the pollu

38、ter who is responsible, no one who will be the development and utilization of waste to encourage and support. First of all, packaging the provisions to avoid waste, in particular, to reduce its volume and toxicity; enterprises must be followed by recycling packaging waste, or can be used as energy;

39、the rest of the packaging waste in an environmentally compatible way of the landfill. Packaging manufacturers to provisions used by the packaging, when it abandoned its proper recycling or disposal to ensure that appropriate, when the toxic components of the product too high and difficult to handle,

40、 can not guarantee compatibility with the environment, not on the market circulation. Furthermore, the expansion of producer responsibility, not only to the producer responsible for the performance, but also has a packaging of the entire life cycle is responsible for the duties and obligations; prod

41、uct producers and sellers should bear the costs of recovery. 4.2 To strengthen and encourage policy-oriented combination of restrictions, and promote the development of green packaging The Government should formulate industrial, financial, credit and taxation of preferential policies to support and

42、encourage the development of green packaging. Specific measures include: (1) to take charge of sewage and sewage permit trading, environmental taxes and other means to raise the cost of environmental pollution, so that the internalization of environmental costs. (2) Promoting environmental resources

43、 and the resources to compensate for tax policy, a serious waste of resources and serious pollution of the enterprise, it is necessary resources to take charge of tax revenue measures; conservation of resources and less pollution in the enterprise, appropriate resources and tax relief. (3) the use o

44、f clean production technology products and less pollution, pollution-free products in order to support economic policies, such as the Governments procurement policy, procurement environment, good corporate behavior.(4)through credit-oriented policies to increase the size of the credit business, givi

45、ng preferential discount, so that the good conduct of the business environment easier access to credit. (5)through the tax preferential policies on import and export of raw materials and finished products, to give tariff and quota concessions offered as much as possible to reduce the cost of their p

46、roducts, promote clean production enterprises. 4.3 through the profession autonomy, the initiative enterprise implements the green packing Industry self-regulation is essential to promote green packaging segments. Any system function, all only then on own initiative observes when the people can obta

47、in the full display. Australias paint coating company in order to alleviate the growing social pressure on environmental protection, signed the agreement in an industry self-regulation. According to the agreement, paint containers of paint would be better used repeatedly to reduce the consumption of

48、 raw materials, packaging, thereby reducing packaging waste. The agreement has been highly praised by government departments. China Packaging Federation of the Economic Commission for the cycle in the packaging industry goal is to establish a highly efficient use of resources and recycling as the co

49、re in order to reduce, reuse, recycle principle in order to clean production as an important means of green packaging Production, consumption and use of recycling, packaging industry to promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development. On this basis, Chinas packaging industry association should be based on the concept of scientific development to justice, the development of industry standards require companies to implement industry standards and technical norms, so