遗传学论文.doc
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1、基因定位方法及优缺点 姓名:张春平 学号:2010310291学院:植物保护学院 专业:动植物检疫 摘要:基因定位是遗传学研究中的重要环节。在遗传学的早期研究中并未发现果蝇等生物的基因在染色体上的位置和生理功能有什么关系。但以后发现一些有类似表型效应的基因是紧密连锁的。例如1945年E.B.刘易斯在果蝇中发现与中胸发育有关的几个基因相邻接,构成一个复合座位或称基因复合体或拟等位基因系列;1960年J.莫诺和F.雅各布报道大肠杆菌的与乳糖发酵有关的几个基因紧密连锁,构成一个操纵子。可见基因的位置并不是和它们的功能完全无关的,因此基因定位 基因定位有助于了解基因的功能。此外,测定了某一基因在某一染
2、色体上的位置以后,便可以用这一基因作为所属染色体或其一部分的标记,追踪并研究染色体的行为。例如通过分析大肠杆菌的接合过程中各个标记基因在受体菌株中出现的先后次序,就有助于了解接合过程中染色体的行为(见细菌接合);在许多生物中根据杂交子代中各个标记基因的组合,可以研究染色体干涉、染色单体干涉和染色体畸变;在育种工作中也经常通过标记基因来识别染色体的替换。关键词:基因 定位 优点 缺点Gene positioning method and advantages and disadvantagesName: Zhang Chunping number: 2010310291College: Coll
3、ege of Plant Protection Specialty: animal and plant quarantineAbstract: gene mapping is an important link in the study of genetics. In the genetics of early in the study did not find such as Drosophila melanogaster biological gene in the chromosome location and physiological function what. But after
4、 the discovery of some similar phenotypic effects of gene is closely linked. For example, in 1945 E.B Lewis discovered in Drosophila and several genes involved in the development of adjacent, constitute a composite seat or gene complexes or quasi allelic series; the 1960 J Monod and F Jacob reported
5、 in Escherichia coli and lactose fermentation on several genes tightly linked, form an operon. The location was not visible genes and their function in completely unrelated, so gene mapping gene mapping contributes to the understanding of gene function. In addition, the determination of a gene on a
6、chromosome position, they can use this gene as the chromosome or a part thereof, labeling, tracking and study of chromosome behavior. For example, through the analysis of Escherichia coli in the engagement process of various marker genes in receptor strains that arise in the order, will help to unde
7、rstand the bonding process of chromosome behavior (see bacterial conjugation ); in many organisms based on the hybrid progeny of each marker gene combinations, can be studied chromosomal interference, chromatid interference and chromosome distortion; in the breeding work is also frequently through t
8、he marker gene to identify chromosomal substitution.Key words: gene location advantages and disadvantages前言: 基因定位和基因图对遗传学、医学和人类及生物进化的研究都有十分重要的意义。它可提供遗传病和其他疾病的诊断的遗传信息,可以指导对这些疾病的致病基因的克隆和对病症病因的分析与认识,这些又取决于遗传图和物理图的相互依赖关系。通过多态位点标记进行连锁分析获得物理图的位置有助于遗传作图,同时通过连锁分析(部分有减数分裂的交换)又能指导物理作图,使基因定位更为精细。正文:两点测验和三点测验是基
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