凶险型前置胎盘21例妊娠结局医学硕士毕业论文.doc
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1、目 录缩略词表2中文摘要3Abstract5前言8材料与方法9结 果11分析与讨论12小 结15参考文献16致 谢18综 述19综述参考文献23学位论文独创性声明25缩略词表英文缩写英文全称中文译名CSPCesarean scar pregnancy剖宫产疤痕妊娠ICUIntensive Care Unit重症加强护理病房PPP Pernicious Placenta Previa凶险型前置胎盘CDFIColor doppler flow imaging彩色多普勒血流成像UAE Uterine Artery Embolization双侧子宫动脉栓塞MRIS-adenosyl-l-methion
2、ine核磁共振 SIShock Index休克指数minMinute分钟mlMilliliter毫升DICDisseminated Intravascular Coagulation弥散性血管内凝血DSADigital Subtraction Angiography数字减影血管造影NICUNeonatal Intensive Care Unit 新生儿重症监护中心凶险型前置胎盘21例妊娠结局中文摘要【目的】:通过回顾性分析温州医学院附属第一医院收治的21例凶险型前置胎盘患者的病例,研究凶险型前置胎盘发生的病因及临床表现等特征,为临床早期诊断及积极处理本病提供依据,以期改善凶险型前置胎盘孕产妇及
3、新生儿妊娠结局。【方法】 :对2010年01月至2012年12月温州医学院附属第一医院收治的21例凶险型前置胎盘患者的病史特点、临床表现及病理资料等进行回顾性分析,研究其临床处理措施及其对母婴的影响。【结果】:(1)21例凶险型前置胎盘患者均采取剖宫产方式终止妊娠。其中孕28周至31周+6天因阴道流血量大于200ML予急诊行剖宫产3例(14.3%);孕32周至35周+6天孕周不足因阴道流血多,或者胎膜早破、先兆早产、胎儿窘迫等原因行剖宫产8例(38.1%);期待治疗至孕36周及以上行剖宫产10例(47.6%)。(2)21例患者剖宫产术中及术后24小时内出血量小于500ml共3例(14.3%);
4、出血量大于等于500ml小于1000ml共11例(52.4%);出血量大于等于1000ml小于3000ml共5例(23.4%);出血量大于等于3000ml共2例(9.5%)。平均出血量1335ml。术中输浓缩红细胞15人,平均输浓缩红细胞7.8U,最多输浓缩红细胞22.5U。在本组21例病例中,使用局部缝扎止血的有18例,占85.7%;使用宫腔填塞6例,占28.6%;使用B-Lynch缝合5例,占23.8%;使用结扎双侧子宫动脉3例,占14.3%;子宫切除3例,占14.3%。(3)21例产妇全部治愈出院,无死亡病例。其中4例术中大量出血导致DIC;3例行子宫切除;术后共转ICU(重症加强护理病
5、房)治疗5例;术中膀胱损伤1例,泌尿科医师术中会诊行膀胱修补术+放置双J管;术后创口感染2例,予清创换药后行期缝合。(4)21例新生儿中术后1周内死亡3例,存活18例,总体存活率85.6%。其中孕28W至31W+6D早产儿共3例,其中2例出生后1周内死亡,存活率33.3%;孕32W至35W+6D共8例,其中1例出生后1周内死亡,存活率87.5%;孕36W以上10例,出生后1周内均存活,存活率100%。【结论】:1. 剖宫产是凶险型前置胎盘终止妊娠、保证母儿安全的主要方法。2.产前B超检查是诊断凶险型前置胎盘一个重要方法。MRI软组织分辨率高,多平面直接成像,有助于诊断是否存在胎盘植入,可用于超
6、声检查不能确诊的病例。组织病理学为明确有无胎盘植入的确诊金标准,但是很大部分病人不可能通过此方式确诊。最常用的诊断方法是产前诊断和手术中证实。手术中胎盘植入的诊断标准为产后胎盘滞留、人工剥离不全或者不能剥离为主要表现。3.凶险型前置胎盘的剖宫产时机选择与阴道流血量及妊娠周数密切相关。当阴道流血量大,不论是否足月均行急诊剖宫产终止妊娠。当阴道流血不多,孕周较小时,应该在尽量保证孕妇安全的情况下期待治疗。尽量延长妊娠周数至孕36周以后或孕足月行择期剖宫产。4.凶险型前置胎盘伴有胎盘植入者术中大量出血风险极高,而且出血汹涌,子宫切除风险大。5.凶险型前置胎盘对孕产妇及围产儿均有较大影响,甚至对母儿生
7、命造成严重威胁。【关键词】: 凶险型前置胎盘; 剖宫产; 胎盘植入; 产后出血;B-Lynch缝合;双侧子宫动脉缝扎; 子宫切除。The Outcome of Pregnancy of 21 Cases of Pernicious Placenta PreviaAbstractObjecfive:The retrospective analysis of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College in 21 cases of pernicious placenta previa patients, Etiology of
8、pernicious placenta previa and clinical performance characteristics, and provide evidence for clinical early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of this disease, in order to improve the pernicious placenta previa maternal and neonatal outcome of pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was perfor
9、med on 21 cases of dangerous types and characteristics of medical history, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College in December 2010 01 months to 2012 of placenta previa patients with clinical manifestations and pathological data, study the clinical treatment measures and its influen
10、ce on mother and infant.Results: (1) In 21 cases of pernicious placenta previa cesarean section patients were taken to terminate pregnancy.The pregnant 28 weeks +6 days for 31 weeks because of the amount of vaginal bleeding more than 200ML for emergency cesarean section in 3 cases (14.3%); 32 to 35
11、weeks of pregnancy +6 days gestation week insufficient because of vaginal bleeding, or premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, fetal distress and other reasons of cesarean section in 8 cases (38.1%); expectation treatment to 36 weeks of pregnancy and cesarean section in 10 cases (47.6%).(2) T
12、he amount of bleeding is less than 500ml total of 3 patients with 24 hours in 21 cases of patients with cesarean section and postoperative (14.3%); the amount of bleeding is greater than or equal to 500ml less than 1000ml total of 11 patients (52.4%); the amount of bleeding is greater than or equal
13、to 1000ml less than 3000ml total of 5 patients (23.4%); the amount of bleeding is greater than or equal to 2 3000ml cases (9.5%).The average amount of bleeding 1335ml.Transfusion of red blood cell concentration of 15 people, average sediment concentrated red cell 7.8U, the most concentrated red cell
14、 22.5U.In this group of 21 cases, 18 cases, the use of local hemostasis accounted for 85.7%; the use of uterine packing in 6 cases, accounting for 28.6%; the use of B-Lynch suture in 5 cases, accounting for 23.8%; the use of ligation of the bilateral uterine artery in 3 cases, accounting for 14.3%;
15、uterus resection in 3 cases, accounting for 14.3%.(3) 21 cases were all cured, no death case.Among the 4 cases of intraoperative massive hemorrhage resulted in DIC; 3 cases underwent hysterectomy; postoperative concomitant ICU (ICU) in treatment of 5 cases of 1 cases of injury of bladder; surgery, u
16、rology surgery consultation underwent bladder repair + indwelling double J tube; 2 cases of wound infection after operation, to debridement II dressing after suture.(4) In the 21 cases within 1 weeks after operation and 3 cases died, 18 cases survived, the overall survival rate of 85.6%.The pregnant
17、 28W to 31W+6D of a total of 3 cases, including 2 cases died within 1 weeks after birth, the survival rate was 33.3%; at 32W to 35W+6D a total of 8 cases, including 1 cases died within 1 weeks after birth, the survival rate was 87.5%; pregnancy more than 36W in 10 cases, survived 1 weeks after birth
18、, the survival rate was 100%.Conclusions:1 Cesarean section is a dangerous placenta praevia termination of pregnancy, main method to guarantee the safe of the mother and fetus.2 Prenatal B ultrasound examination is an important method in the diagnosis of pernicious placenta previa.MRI high soft tiss
19、ue resolution, multiplanar imaging directly, is helpful to the diagnosis of the existence of placenta implantation, can be used for ultrasound examination can not be confirmed cases.Histopathology for placenta accreta diagnosed clearly has no gold standard, but it is the most patient can not be diag
20、nosed by this way.Most commonly used diagnostic method is confirmed the prenatal diagnosis and operation.Criteria for the diagnosis of placenta implantation operation in the postpartum retained placenta, incomplete or not artificial stripping stripping as the main performance.3 Pernicious placenta p
21、revia cesarean timing and the amount of vaginal bleeding and gestational weeks closely related.When the amount of vaginal bleeding, regardless of whether the term underwent emergency cesarean section.When vaginal bleeding is not much, gestational age is small, should as far as possible to ensure saf
22、ety of pregnant women in the expectant treatment case.To prolong the gestational weeks to 36 weeks of pregnancy after or full-term pregnancy undergoing elective cesarean section. Massive hemorrhage high risk.4 Dangerous placenta praevia with placenta implantation with surging, and hemorrhage, hyster
23、ectomy risk.5 The pernicious placenta previa on maternal and perinatal have a greater impact, or even a serious threat to the mothers life.Key words: The pernicious placenta previa; Cesarean section;Postpartum hemorrhage;The B-Lynch suture;Bilateral uterine artery ligation;Hysterectomy.前言凶险型前置胎盘(per
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