0726VAP指南流行病学、诊断.ppt
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1、呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断、预防和治疗指南(2013)流行病学、诊断,内容提要,VAP流行病学VAP的定义VAP的诊断,Trends in hospitalizations for pneumonia among persons aged 65 years or older in US,1988-2002,Fry AM,et al.JAMA,2005;194:2712,Trends in hospitalizations for pneumonia among persons aged 65 years or older in US,1988-2002,Fry AM,et al.JAMA,2005;
2、194:2712,Proportions of Major Comorbid Conditions Reported at Hospitalizations With Pneumonia as the First-Listed Diagnosis by Age Group,Fry AM,et al.JAMA,2005;194:2712,6,欧美国家VAP发病率,发生率 927%病死率 3350%,Scand J Infect Dis.2007;39(8):676-82.Chest 2002;122:2115-21.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:1249-
3、56.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:388416.,7,亚洲各地VAP的发病率,Rakshit P et al.Indian J Crit Care Med 2005;9(4):211-6.Kim JM et al.,Am J Infect Control 2000;28:454-8,VAP(每1000个呼吸机使用日)印度 46/1000韩国 3.57.1/1000香港 10.6/1000中国 2.9/1000泰国 10.8/1000,VAP流行病学调查,Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:867903,亚洲各地HAP/
4、VAP发病率和病死率,Am J Infect Control 2008;36:S93-100,VAP-International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium-INICC,across the globe:South America,Southeast Asia,Eastern Europe,Middle East.173 ICUs,1000/机械通气日,Rosenthal et al.,2010,VAP-NHSN,1500 US hospitals in 48 states,Edwards et al.2009,VAP-NHSN Trends
5、,Curr Opin Infect Dis2012;25(2):176-82,Why?This differece,VAP lack gold standardThe INICC directly adopts the CDC definitions of VAP not require microbiologic,VAP定义与分类,定义:呼吸机相关性肺炎(Ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP)是指气管插管或气管切开患者在接受机械通气48h后发生的肺炎或撤机拔管48h内出现的肺炎,Eur J Intern Med.2010;21(5):360-368,Expe
6、rt Rev Anti Infect Ther.2012;10(5),585596,VAP:分类,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,Early-onset VAP,Late-onset VAP,Time from Intubation插管(days),Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:388-416,分类 早发VAP:机械通气5d,多由MDR或PDR引起,VAP在国内外发病率、病死率高,Eur J Intern Med.2010;21(5):360-368,Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther.2012;10(5),585596,J Ho
7、sp Infect,2011,78:284-288国际呼吸杂志,2011,31:1010-1013中华医院感染学杂志,2010,20:3131-3133,国外发病率:6-52%1.6-52.7例/1000机械通气日病死率:14-50%,当为MDR或PDR所致可高达76%,VAP对患者预后的影响,P0.001,J Rello et al Epidemiology&outcomes of VAP in a large US database.(MediQual-Profile database by CIC)Chest 122:2115-21,Dec.2002,VAP发生常见危险因素,Expert
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