Application Software and the World Wide Web.ppt

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1、Application Software and the World Wide Web,ITSC 1401Instructor:Glenda H.Easter,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,2,Objectives,Define application softwareExplain how to start a software applicationExplain the key features of widely used software applicationsProvide examples illustrating the

2、 importance of the World Wide WebDescribe how to use a Web browserExplain how to search for information on the WebDescribe the learning aids available with many software packages.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,3,System Software versus Application Software,System Software Controls and Co

3、ordinates Computer OperationsApplication SoftwareSpecial PurposeGeneral Purpose,SystemApplication,BOOTING,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,4,The Role of Software,Software is the series of instructions that tell computer hardware how to perform tasks.There are two major types of software.Mo

4、st programs are application programs;they solve the users problems.Application programs are written by application programmers,who usually have a business background.System Programs are written by system programmers with a more technical background.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,5,Syste

5、m and Application Software,These two types of software must work together and enhance each other.Thesystem software is requiredto make the application work,and without application software,you cannot performdesired tasks for productivity.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,6,Computer Softwar

6、e,Software is the set of instructions that directs a computer to process information.These instructions are called programs.There are two types of software:System Software and Application Software.System Software coordinates the operation of the hardware components and is frequently referred to as t

7、he operating system.Application Software is a set of programs designed for specific uses or applications.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,7,Functions of an Operating System,Operating systems go to work setting up the work environment the moment a computer is turned on.Some of the function

8、s of an operating system include:It consists of programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices.Controls or interfaces with multiple input/output devices.The operating system handles complex storage of files.It manages memory.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,8,Functio

9、ns of an Operating System(Continued),Additional functions of an operating system enable the user to communicate with the operating system.Some systems support networking.Some support multiple typefaces and audio/videoSome systems provide on-line help and multitasking.,Application Software and the WW

10、W,Chapter 2,9,Managing Resources,Operating systems dont just manage the interaction of components.In a multi-user system,the operating system controls who has access to what and how much of it.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,10,Controlling Input and Output Processes,I/O(Input/Output Devi

11、ces)may requireEither occasional attention to instruct them on their next step of operations In between they will transfer data directly to or from memory.Device Drivers are system software components that allow the operating system to control a device.They are separate pieces of software,usually pr

12、oduced by the hardware manufacturer of the device.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,11,The Role of the User Interface,All software,including the operating system,communicates with the user in a certain way,through a portion of the program called a user interface.The user interface controls

13、 how you enter data or instructions and how information and processing options are presented to you.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,12,The Role of the User Interface(Continued),Command-line interfaces allow users to write short programs called batch files,scripts,or macros depending on t

14、he system.Software user interface describes in detail the rules and conventions by which the program will communicate with people using it.User interface is a set of rules and conventions by which a person communicates with the system.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,13,Windows Environmen

15、t,Windows(Win3.1,Win95,Win98)have moderate hardware requirements.Windows allows cooperative multitasking which means that applications must cooperate and relinquish resources voluntarily.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,14,Graphical User Interface,In a graphical user interface(GUI)environ

16、ment you find the following elements:The desktopAn iconA buttonMenuCommandsA submenuWindowTitle barA dialog boxShortcut menusContext-Sensitive Menus,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,15,Application Software Functions,Word ProcessingDesktop PublishingSpreadsheetsDatabasesTelecommunicationsGr

17、aphicsResource Discovery,Special Purpose,General Purpose,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,16,Commonly Used Application Software,Word ProcessingWPWINMSWordSpreadsheetExcelLotus 1-2-3QuattroProDatabasesAccessParadoxdBase,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,17,Application Software and

18、Packages,A variety of software programs and packages are available.Software programs can be grouped for ease of translation from one component to another.An example of this is MS Works.Software suites consist of independent programs grouped together such as MS Office.,Application Software and the WW

19、W,Chapter 2,18,E.Remington and Sons,Hand CarvingsPrinting PressTypewriterWord ProcessorComputer Software,WORDS,ABC,Johannes Gutenberg,Word ProcessingIn The Beginning,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,19,Roots of Word Processing,The history of word processing lies in the development of print

20、ing technology.Printing presses made literacy widespread.Early word processors disallowed fonts and required complex codes to underline and bold text.Word processing makes document creation easier and faster.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,20,WP-Basic Features,WritingEditingFormattingSav

21、ingPrinting,WP is aneasy to use soft-,word wrap,insert mode,typeover mode,default values,fonts,file names,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,21,WP-Additional Features,Spell CheckerElectronic ThesaurusStyle and Grammar CheckerMail MergeAutoCorrectMacro,Dictionary,Thesaurus,Application Softwar

22、e and the WWW,Chapter 2,22,Viewing a Word Document,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,23,Those Things That Make It Look Great,Clip ArtDrawing Programs-Allows you to create line art.Word Art-Allows you to manipulate text into various shapes.,This class is great!,Application Software and the W

23、WW,Chapter 2,24,Knowing Your Way Around a Word Processing Package,Insertion Point or Cursor-Where you enter data.Menus-Pull-down menus appear from a menu bar on the screen.Shortcut keys-For frequently used commands which use the function keys in conjunction with Alt,Ctrl,or ShiftHelp-Context-sensiti

24、ve which locates and displays the help information easily and readily.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,25,Knowing Your Way Around a Word Processing Package,Toolbars or button bars-Located below the menu.They contain icons or graphic representation of commonly used commands.Dialog box-Appe

25、ars after selecting a command from a pull-down menu.It is used to specify additional command options.Scroll bar-Located on the right and/or at the bottom of the screen.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,26,Universal Short-Cut Keys,Select,Cut,Copy,and Paste allow you to use information somew

26、here else.Those shortcuts that you need to remember are:Select All-CTRL/ACopy-CTRL/CCut-CTRL/XPaste-CTRL/V,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,27,Font Styles and Sizes,A fonts point size alone doesnt determine the fonts apparent size.Some fonts are wider than others,and therefore consume more

27、 space than the same text with a narrower font,even with the same point size.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,28,With or Without Feet?,There are two font types:There is Serif,such as Times New Roman.This is an example of Times New Roman,and you will notice that this type of font has small

28、 feet at the end of a letter.There is Sans Serif,such as Arial.There are no feet at the bottom of these letters.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,29,Fonts to Enhance,You can create various fonts to enhance the appearance of your work by using shortcut or keyboard commands.Ctrl/B-BoldCtrl/I

29、-ItalicsCtrl/U-Underline,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,30,Advantages of Spreadsheet Software,Calculate Mathematical Formulas(Functions)AutomaticallyDescriptive HeadingsGraphs,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,31,Spreadsheets Components,RowsColumnsLabel HeadingsRow HeadingsEdit

30、LineScroll Bars,Control PanelWork AreaOperating ModesCells and Cell ContentsActive CellStatus LineCell Address,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,32,Parts of a Worksheet,The worksheet area uses letters for column headings across the top and numbers for row headings,down the left side.The int

31、ersection of a column and row is called a cell.A cell holds a single unit of information.The position of the cell is called the cell address.An example is A1(the intersection of Column A and Row 1)A cell pointer also known as the cell selector indicates where data is to be entered in the worksheet.,

32、Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,33,Cell and Cell Contents,For Protection:Many spreadsheet programs allow you to lock or protect cells to prevent users from accidentally changing formulas when entering data.Formulas and Values:For cells that contain formulas,the value that the formula calc

33、ulates is displayed in the work area.Works and Excel give you the option of displaying the formula instead.Recalculation:Spreadsheets automatically recalculate when their contents or the contents of cells referenced in them change.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,34,Commands,A critical,he

34、avily used feature of spreadsheets is the capability to copy blocks of cells.After describing a set of formulas for one column of data,you can then use a“fillcommand to copy those formulas into the other columns.In those other columns,the spreadsheet program automatically recalculates the formula us

35、ing the respective data in those columns.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,35,Parts of a Spreadsheet,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,36,Spreadsheets-Basic Features,Types of DataValueLabelFormula,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,37,Spreadsheets-Basic Features(Continued)

36、,Cells and Cell ContentsValuesLabelsFormulasFunctionsRanges,COLUMN,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,38,Common Features of a Spreadsheet Program,Each cell can contain one of three types of data:a value(numeric)a label(text that can be both alpha and numeric.If numeric,the label must contain

37、 an apostrophe()to indicate a numeric label.a formula(telling the spreadsheet how to carry out the calculation.)Each cell has an address that allows it to be referred to in formulas.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,39,Formulas and Functions,Formulas are instructions for calculations.Formu

38、las help users make connections between numbers in particular cells.Formulas are the way users can manipulate data.Functions are ready-made formulas built into the spreadsheet program.An example,=SUM is a function that helps a user add values in a range of cells and then displays the result.,Applica

39、tion Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,40,Graph Types,You can create thefollowing typesof graphs:-Line-Bar-Pie-Scatter-Many others,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,41,Charting,Line Charts:To show a trend over a period of time.Column or Bar Charts:Show the relationship of data.Pie Charts:Show

40、the relationship of parts to a whole.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,42,Spreadsheet Macros,A macro is a sequence of keystrokes and instructions that are recorded and saved.When you run the macro,the macro performs the sequence of keystrokes and instructions automatically.,Application Sof

41、tware and the WWW,Chapter 2,43,Database Software,A database is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access,retrieval,and use of that data.Database software packages include:A collection of tablesA row which is called a recordA column which is called a field.,Application Software an

42、d the WWW,Chapter 2,44,Database Organization,You must first determine the fields and field names.After that,you concentrate on determining field lengths and data types.Data types include:text,numeric,currency,date,memo,and hyperlinks.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,45,Database Management

43、 Systems,-Enable users to create database tables and provides multiple users with access to data.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,46,Data Validation,As you enter data,the database software checks or validates the data.Validation is the process of comparing the data to a set of defined rul

44、es or values to determine if if the data is acceptable.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,47,Types of Database Fields,(Lauras record contains several fields)(One file is made up of Lauras,Bills and Peters records),Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,48,Creating a slide with PowerPoin

45、t,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,49,The Parts of Database Management Software(DBMS),To produce a printed report or search for specific field values,you have to know which type of data is stored in each field.Database management system software is made of:data dictionary languagedata mani

46、pulation languagequery language,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,50,Data Dictionary,This contains a description of the structure of the data used in the database.It describes:field namessize of fieldstype of data to be stored in field(text,number,logical,date,image),Application Software an

47、d the WWW,Chapter 2,51,Data Dictionary,This contains a description of the structure of the data used in the database.It describes:field namessize of fieldstype of data to be stored in field(text,number,logical,date,image),Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,52,Query Language,This is an easy-t

48、o-use language understandable to most users.The most widely used query language is Structured Query Language(SQL).This is made up of commands which direct the computer to fulfill the access needs of the user in searching,displaying,updating,and printing records in a database file.“find last name=Chi

49、cago”.Partial specification of a field using a wildcard character:“find author=johns*”Queries are usually case sensitive.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,53,Data Manipulation Language,Microcomputer programs generally have a set of commands(either command-line interface or menu-based).Thes

50、e commands enable the user to create a database(adding fields or certain data types)and also to add;delete;and modify records and query;as well as generate reports.,Application Software and the WWW,Chapter 2,54,The Report Generator,Microcomputer file management systems allow the user to arrange the