华东理工大学 高级英语 授课教案 book2 lesson9.ppt

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1、Advanced English,Book Two,Unit Nine,The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas By Ursula Le Guin,Menu,Pre-reading QuestionsBackgroundInformation,Introduction to the PassageNew wordsText,Exercises,Could you describe the physical features of Omelas after the first reading?2)What are the people of Omelas like?

2、3)What things are considered unnecessary but undestructive by the writer?4)Whats the writers view on drugs?5)Whats the imprisoned child like?,Omelas City,Pre-reading activity:Background information,Background information,About the author,Omelas,HOME,William James,Whats allegory,1929-,Ursula K.Le Gui

3、n is one of the most important and respected authors of science fiction.,-16 novels-4 collections of poetry-10 childrens books-several screenplays and more,Background Knowledge,Ursula Kroeber:-born on October 21,1929.-Her father,Alfred Kroeber,was an anthropologist,her mother,Theodora,a writer of ch

4、ildrens stories-She has three children and two grandchildren.,Main plots of her life,-Ursula Le Guin was born Ursula Kroeber in 1929 in Berkeley,California.-Her parents are both distinguished professionals;her father,Alfred Kroeber,was an anthropologist and her mother,Theodora Covel Brown Kracaw Kro

5、eber,wrote ISHI IN TWO WORLDS.-Even at a young age she has success writing Science-Fiction and Fantasy.-Le Guin attends Radcliffe College in Cambridge,Massachusetts,where she receives her B.A.in 1951.-Later attends Columbia University in New York City for completion of her masters degree in 1952.,-U

6、rsula marries Charles A.Le Guin,a historian,in Paris in 1951.The couple has three children and two grandchildren.-Her first novel,PLANET OF EXILE,is published in 1966.-In 1968 she creates the land of EARTHSEA,the fantastic world that becomes the setting for her four most famous books.The tetralogy i

7、ncludes:A WIZARD OF EARTHSEA(1968);THE TOMBS OF ATUAN(1970);THE FARTHEST SEA(1978);and TEHANU(1990).The final book,after a twelve year hiatus,completes a set that she always felt was missing something in the first three books.,Main plots of her life,-Also in 1968,Le Guin receives the Boston Globe-Ho

8、rnbook Award for juvenile fiction.-Receives the Hugo Award for her novel,THE LEFT HAND OF DARKNESS,in 1970.-Her childrens tale,THE FARTHEST SHORE,wins the National Book Award in 1973.-Another Hugo award is bestowed upon Ursula Le Guin for her book THE DISPOSSESSED:An Ambiguous Utopia in 1975.,Main p

9、lots of her life,The most popular works:,A Wizard of Earthsea(1968)The Tombs of Atuan(1971)The Farthest Shore(1972)The Dispossessed(1974)The Beginning Place(1980),Background Knowledge,LeGuin said she has studied very little hard science.My science fiction tends to be social science fiction,she said.

10、But I try not to make mistakes.,Her writing force us to re-examine many of the things that we once took for granted.-cities-political structures-social attitudes-conventional ideas about life,Background Knowledge,She uses science fiction to explore contemporary issues.She explains why she likes the

11、science fiction form.She says:“Science fiction allows me to help people get out of their cultural skins and into the skins of other beingsin science fiction you are often expected to get into the skin of another person from another culture.”.,(1842-1910),American philosopher.1842.Born in New York Ci

12、ty,first child of Henry James and Mary Walsh.James.Educated by tutors and at private schools in New York.,William James was an original thinker in and between the disciplines of physiology,psychology and philosophy.His twelve-hundred page masterwork,The Principles of Psychology(1890),is a rich blend

13、 of physiology,psychology,philosophy,and personal reflection that has given us such ideas as the stream of thought and the babys impression of the world as one great blooming,buzzing confusion(PP 462).It contains seeds of pragmatism and phenomenology,and influenced generations of thinkers in Europe

14、and America,including Edmund Husserl,Bertrand Russell,John Dewey,and Ludwig Wittgenstein.James studied at Harvards Lawrence Scientific School and the School of Medicine,but his writings were from the outset as much philosophical as scientific.Some Remarks on Spencers Notion of Mind as Correspondence

15、(1878)and The Sentiment of Rationality(1879,1882)presage his future pragmatism and pluralism,and contain the first statements of his view that philosophical theories are reflections of a philosophers temperament.,James hints at his religious concerns in his earliest essays and in The Principles,but

16、they become more explicit in The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy(1897),Human Immortality:Two Supposed Objections to the Doctrine(1898),The Varieties of Religious Experience(1902)and A Pluralistic Universe(1909).James oscillated between thinking that a study in human nature suc

17、h as Varieties could contribute to a Science of Religion and the belief that religious experience involves an altogether supernatural domain,somehow inaccessible to science but accessible to the individual human subject.,James made some of his most important philosophical contributions in the last d

18、ecade of his life.In a burst of writing in 1904-5(collected in Essays in Radical Empiricism(1912)he set out the metaphysical view most commonly known as neutral monism,according to which there is one fundamental stuff that is neither material nor mental.In A Pluralistic Universe he defends the mysti

19、cal and anti-pragmatic view that concepts distort rather than reveal reality,and in his influential Pragmatism(1907),he presents systematically a set of views about truth,knowledge,reality,religion,and philosophy that permeate his writings from the late 1870s onwards.,It has sometimes crossed my min

20、d that James wanted to be a poet and an artist,and that there lay in him,beneath the ocean of metaphysics,a lost Atlantis of fine arts:and that he really hated philosophy and all its works,and pursued them only as Hercules might spin or as a prince in a fairy tale sorts seeds for an evil dragon,or a

21、s anyone might patiently do some careful work for which he had no aptitude.John J.Chapman,a friend of William James,Comments from his friends:,A great many people think they are thinking when they are merely re-arranging their prejudices.As a rule we disbelieve all the facts and theories for which w

22、e have no use.Be not afraid of life.Believe that life is worth living,and your belief will help create the fact.Human beings,by changing the inner attitudes of their minds,can change the outer aspects of their lives.The art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook.The greatest discovery

23、of my generation is that a human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes of mind.,Quotations by William James,The Works of William James 1975William James:Writings 1878-1899 William James:Writings 1902-1910 The Principles of Psychology,Cambridge 1890The Meaning of Truth 1909Some Problems

24、of Philosophy 1911,Works by William James:,Omelas is a fictional city of happiness envisaged by the writer.It is a port city by the sea with bright towers and houses with red roofs and painted walls.There are tree-lined avenues,moss-grown gardens,great parks and pubic buildings,which you can see in

25、the article,Whats allegory,allegory,in literature,symbolic story that serves as a disguised representation for meanings other than those indicated on the surface.The characters in an allegory often have no individual personality,but are embodiments of moral qualities and other abstractions.The alleg

26、ory is closely related to the parable,fable,and metaphor,differing from them largely in intricacy and length.A great variety of literary forms have been used for allegories.The medieval morality play Everyman,personifying such abstractions as Fellowship and Good Deeds,recounts the death journey of E

27、veryman.John Bunyans Pilgrims Progress,a prose narrative,is an allegory of mans spiritual salvation.Spensers poem The Faerie Queene,besides being a chivalric romance,is a commentary on morals and manners in 16th-century England as well as a national epic.Although allegory is still used by some autho

28、rs,its popularity as a literary form has declined in favor of a more personal form of symbolic expression(see symbolists).,Back,Introduction to the Passage,Type of Writing:A piece of allegorical description,Introduction to the Passage,The theme:What is the nature of happiness and on what it depends?

29、,Introduction to the Passage,P.143Happiness is based on a just discrimination of what is necessary,what is neither necessary nor destructive,and what is destructive.,Introduction to the Passage,what is destructive?MonarchySlaveryStock exchangeAdvertisementSecret policebomb,Introduction to the Passag

30、e,what is neither necessary nor destructive?Central heatingSubway tramsWashing machinesBeerDrug-droozDevices not yet invented,Introduction to the Passage,what is necessary?Beautiful city with avenues,green meadowsHouses with red roofs gardensCitizens were not simple but happyLives were not wretchedC

31、ontentment of lifeBased on the suffering of the child,Introduction to the Passage,-The terrible justice of reality-People accept it,Introduction to the Passage,-In the last para.The writer seems to have some doubts about this.-A few young boys and girls do not accept Omelas and walk away from it.,In

32、troduction to the Passage,The last para.The writer puts forward the problem but does not supply the answers.,Introduction to the Passage,Why are they leaving Omelas?Who are these people?Where are they going?Are they frightened or dissatisfied with Omelas?Are they going to found a new utopian city no

33、t based on any misery or suffering?,Back,clamor:,singular,uncountable1.a very loud noise made by a large group of people or animalsHe shouted over the rising clamour of voices.2.the expression of feelings of anger and shock by a large number of people-used especially in news reportsclamour forTrouil

34、lot disregarded the growing public clamour for her resignation.clamorous:adjective,decorous:,formal having the correct appearance or behavior for a particular occasiondecorously adverb A servant was hovering decorously behind them.,mauve:,a pale purple colormauve:adjective mauve flowers,Every surfac

35、e had turned to mauve as the sun descended,ending the debate over the color of the stone.,shimmer:,intransitive to shine with a soft light that looks as if it shakes slightly The lake shimmered in the moonlight.shimmer noun singular,uncountable the shimmer of petrol on the road.,Never for one moment

36、 does this shimmering,simmering emotional desert storm of a film relax its grip on your senses.Our brick courtyard shimmered with colors.Rank on rank they stretched to the horizon,their reflections shimmering towards us on a blue mirror.The August heat shimmered in silence.,tambourine:,countable a c

37、ircular musical instrument consisting of a frame covered with skin or plastic and small pieces of metal that hang around the edge.You shake it or hit it with your hand.,A churchs liveliness should not be judged by the singing,dancing or tambourine playing.Directly in front of him were two wind-up mo

38、nkeys,one with a tambourine and the other with a drum.,lithe:,having a body that moves easily and gracefully the strong lithe bodies of gymnastslithely:adverb,I felt awkward among the lithe young sun-tanned girls on the beach.the dancers lithe bodySentences from books,newspapers,etc.A florid,solid w

39、oman,Zaiga bore little resemblance to the lithe,romantic girl her parents had lost.Feel beautiful,lithe and positive as you do them.,restive:,dissatisfied or bored with your situation,and impatient for it to change Communist leaders struggled to rule over increasingly restive populations.restively a

40、dverbrestiveness noun uncountable,The southern region was growing increasingly restiveAnother person joined the queue and the old lady immediately behind him began to look restive.,halter:,countable1.a rope or leather band that fastens around a horses head,usually used to lead the horse2.also halter

41、 tophalter necka type of clothing for women that ties behind the neck and across the back,so that the arms and back are not covered Jen was wearing black shorts and a halter.,Then,just when it seemed to have settled,it made a sharp sideways movement,tugging against the halter.They wore shorts and ha

42、lters,shirts and jeans.,mane:,countable1.the long hair on the back of a horses neck,or around the face and neck of a lion2.literary a persons long thick hair her mane of hair,encircle:,transitiveto surround someone or something completelyThe island was encircled by a dusty road.encirclement noun unc

43、ountable,The city is nearly encircled by rebel troops.The photo showed the captive sitting down,encircled by several armed men.Troops encircled the city and began firing rockets at the government buildings.,archaic:,1.old and no longer usedsynonym outdatedopposite modern archaic words2.old-fashioned

44、 and needing to be replacedMany smaller radio stations broadcast on archaic equipment.3.from or relating to ancient timesarchaic civilizations,The English used in Chaucers plays is an archaic form of the language.The laws that decide who owns items discovered on an archeological exploration are ridi

45、culously.,stallion:,countablea male horse that is fully grown,especially one that is used for breeding see also mare,Aged horses,especially stallions,are more like old people,and are more stressed by change than younger horses.,barbarian:,countable1.someone from a different tribe or land,who people

46、believe to be wild and not civilized The Roman Empire came under severe pressure from the barbarians across the Rhine.2.someone who does not behave properly,and does not show proper respect for education,art etc The youths were described as uncivilized barbarians who savagely attacked innocent victi

47、ms.3.someone who behaves in a way that is cruel and uncivilized,monarchy:,plural monarchies1.uncountable the system in which a country is ruled by a king or queenthe abolition of the monarchy2.countable a country that is ruled by a king or queensee also republic3.the monarchythe king or queen of a c

48、ountry,and his or her family People are going to be questioning the role of the monarchy more and more.,slavery:,uncountable1.the system of having slavesattempts to abolish slavery(=officially end it)2.the state of being a slavesell somebody into slavery(=sell someone as a slave),Slavery was abolish

49、ed after the Civil War.Sentences from books,newspapers,etc.At first this seemed strange to some of the staff who saw it as only one step away from slavery.,shepherd:,countablesomeone whose job is to take care of sheep,transitive always+adverb/prepositionto lead or guide a group of people somewhere,m

50、aking sure that they go where you want them to goshepherd somebody into/out/towards etc somethingThe tour guides shepherded the rest of the group onto the bus.,savage:,countable old-fashioned not politea very offensive word for someone who has a simple,traditional way of life,transitive verbif an an