制药工程专业英语.ppt

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1、专业英语第三部分,2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acidMandelic acid（扁桃酸）,Benzoic acid,o-hydroxybenzoic acid,salicylic acid 水杨酸,二酸：在相应的烃的词尾加上dioic acid(e保留),6-Ethyl-3-methyl octanedioic acid,(3-甲基-6-乙基辛二酸),写出下列化合物相应的英文名称,丁烷 环丁烷 环丁烯丁醇 1,4丁二醇 丁醚 丁醇钠2-乙氧基丁烷丁醛 1,4丁二醛丁酮 2,3丁二酮 丁酸 2,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二酸,1.2.4.2 羧酸酯Ester和羧酸盐 Ca

2、rboxylate,羧酸根：The parent acid with the suffix ic is replaced by ate and then the word acid is dropped(用词尾-ate代替相应的羧酸中的-ic，再去掉acid)。,This nomenclature applies for both common and IUPAC names of acids.,甲酸Methanoic acid,甲酸根Methanoate,1.羧酸酯 Esters,乙酸乙酯,ethyl,ethanoate,(acetate乙酯),1,4-丁二酸二甲酯,dimethyl,1,4

3、-butanedioate,Benzoic acid,Ethyl benzoate（苯甲酸乙酯）,Esters:The alkyl of corresponding alcohol is named first,followed by the name of the acid modified to end in-ate.即，烃基+羧酸根,2.羧酸盐 Carboxylate,乙酸钠,sodium ethanoate,甲酸铵,ammonium methanoate,Carboxylate:The metal or ammonium is named first,followed by the n

4、ame of the acid modified to end in-ate.即，金属(铵根)+羧酸根,1.2.4.3 酰卤 Acyl halides,丙酰氯,Acyl 酰基,Propanoic acid,Propanoyl chloride,halides卤素,酰卤,(NOTE：the“o”of the ending oic in the acid is retained.),注意：酸中词尾的o保留,乙酰溴,Ethanoic acid,Ethanoyl bromide,Acyl halide：the suffix-ic in the corresponding acid is replace

5、d by the suffix-yl,and the halide name is added as a second word.羧酸中词尾的-ic用-yl替换，再加上卤素,1.2.4.4 酰胺 Amides,Amides：Drop the suffix-ic or-oic from the name of the parent acid and add the suffix-amide.去掉酸中的-ic或-oic 和acid，加上-amide。,Acetamide乙 酰胺,N-MethylbenzamideN-甲基苯甲 酰胺,N,N-Dimethylformamide(DMF)N,N-二甲基

6、甲 酰胺,Amides酰胺,propenoic acid,propenamide,丙烯酸,丙烯酰胺,1.2.4.5 酸酐 Anhydride,Carboxylic acid anhydrides酸 酐,Acetic acid,Acetic anhydride,Anhydride：the word acid in parent acid is replaced by the word anhydride.用anhydride代替相应羧酸中的acid。,ethanoic acid,Ethanoic anhydride,乙酸酐,甲(酸)乙(酸)酐,Methanoic acid ethanoic ac

7、id,Methanoic Ethanoic anhydride,Nitrile腈,Benzonitrile苄腈,4-Methylpentanenitrile,4-甲基戊腈,1.2.4.5 腈Nitrile,Nitrile:Drop the suffix-ic or oic and acid from the name of the parent acid and add the suffix-nitrile.去掉酸中的-ic或-oic 和acid，加上-nitrile。,(acetonitrile),CH3CN乙腈,丙酰氯丙酸酐丙酰胺丙酸酯,propanoyl chloridepropanoi

8、c anhydridepropanamidepropanate,丙胺丙醚,propylaminedipropyl ether,各类化合物英文名称词尾变化,丙烷丙醇丙醛丙酮丙晴丙酸,propanepropanolpropanalpropanonepropanonitrilepropanoic acid,1.2.5.1 Monosubstituted benzenes,A.Benzene as the parent name.,Toluene(甲苯),Chlorobenzene(氯苯),Isopropylbenzene,Nitrobenzene(硝基苯),1.2.5 芳烃(Aromatic hydrocarbons),B.Benzene as a substituent,C6H5,Ph:phenyl,Phenylacetylene(苯乙炔),Diphenylmethane,2-Phenyl-2-butene,Three isomers:,Dibromobenzene,o-Dibromobenzene,ortho-邻,1,3-，m-,meta-间,1,4-，p-,para-对,1,2-，o-,o-Xylene(o-二甲 苯),Benzene Tolunen,B T X,1.2.5.2 Disubstituted benzenes,