【大学英语口语教程】Disaster.ppt

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1、Disaster,Part One:Some words and expression about disasters.Part Two:Some structure.Part Three:Dialogue.Part Four:Questions.Part Five:Passage.,Part One:Some words and expressions about disasters,EarthquakeFloodmud-rock flowfamine饥荒Volcanofire,DroughtTsunami(海啸)spontaneous combustion(自燃)hurricane Epi

2、demic(瘟疫）,丹麦爆发海豹瘟疫 250头海豹神秘死亡,3月14日，日本岩手县大土町，一艘游船被卷上一幢建筑物顶部,3月14日，日本二本松，一位母亲和遭受核辐射被隔离的女儿隔着玻璃说话,Part Two:Some structure,Its always important toin caseArrange with your family.if you become separatednuclear accident 核事故protective measure 预防措施,Part Three:Dialogue,：Recently,there have been some earthqua

3、kes happened in the world,some were even very big,for example,The Japan Earthquake,can you tell me how to prepare for earthquakes?B:Yes,you are right.Its always important to make sure to prepare for earthquakes.,A:So,its important to have the family prepared in case an earthquake hits.B:Yes,there ar

4、e something that your should remember for you to prepare for a earthquake.The first,you should always have practice drills to prepare your entire family on what to do if an earthquake happens.A:Shall we do them yearly?,B:Yes,the second,Arrange with your family where you should try to meet in case yo

5、u are separated.Plan with your family to select a relative that lives relatively close,but in another town to contact if you become separated,A:Thats true,this way they can deliver the message to the rest of your family to help you all reunite.,B:At last,In case an emergency occurs,you should try to

6、 have the entire family train in both CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏法)and first aid.You should also have all members of the family keep a first aid kit(工具箱)nearby.A:Thank you very much.B:You are welcome.,Part Four:Questions.,1.How to prevent earthquake damage?2.How to survive in an earthquak

7、e?3.Can you give some examples about the huge damage caused by the natural disaster to the human beings?,How to Prevent Earthquake Damage.Earthquakes are natural disasters that many people face every year.Unfortunately people often fail to prepare themselves or their homes from earthquake damage.Bei

8、ng prepared will save you time and money in the event of an earthquake.Here are some easy steps to help prevent earthquake damage.,1.Secure your belongings.The largest financial loss you can incur during an earthquake will be from falling objects and overturned furniture.Fasten objects that are frag

9、ile,costly or heavy to fixed furnishings.Anchor your heavy and tall furniture to the wall or floor to prevent them from turning over.2.Put latches on cabinet doors and file cabinets.During an earthquake doors and drawers can come open.Place strong latches on your cabinets door and file cabinets to k

10、eep them from opening and spilling their contents on the floor causing damage.,3.Fasten your water heater and other appliances.Secure your water heater to wall studs.Anchor your appliances to the wall or floor to prevent them from sliding or falling over.Make sure that any appliance connected to a g

11、as pipe has pliable tubing.4.Store hazardous materials in a sturdy place.Mixing or spilling chemicals can be dangerous.Make sure that any hazardous products are in their proper containers and stored in a cabinet secured to a wall with a strong latch.5.Keep fire extinguishers.Place them throughout yo

12、ur home in the event you need them.If a fire starts during an earthquake having a fire extinguisher nearby will help minimize the damage.,How to survive in an earthquake,Although we dont want the earthquake to happen,it happens usually.We cant stop the earthquake to happen,but we can reduce the dama

13、ge that earthquake brings us.It is the most important to teach people how to survive an earthquake.Would you know what to do during a really big earthquake?Experts have looked into the matter carefully.It may be worth your while to look over the 10 tips they have for us.Now my five roommates will in

14、troduce the ten tips in detail to you.,1.Earthquake！Protect yourself first!2.Keep calm.Check all fire source.Put out fire quickly.3.Panic can hurt you.Be careful of fallen furniture and broken glass.4.Make sure you have a way out:open doors and windows.Secure an exit for escape when the shaking stop

15、s.,7.When earthquake happen people always do not know what to do,In ordeer to prevent chaos,everyone should take the right measure.8.Get right information from radio,television,fire station,local authorities and take the right action.,9.make sure your family and neighbors are safe.10.Work together o

16、n rescue and first aid11.Make sure electricity and gas are off before evacuation.,Question Three,1986年4月26日当地时间1点24分，前苏联的乌克兰共和国切尔诺贝利核电站（原本以列宁的名字来命名）发生严重泄漏及爆炸事故 这是有史以来最严重的核事故。,灾难催生10大鬼城 切尔诺贝利最严重核事故,切尔诺贝利核事故后曾出现食人巨鼠群 用军队消灭,Part Five:Passage.,Japans earthquake,the day after地震之后的第一天The nuclear threat核威胁

17、Mar 12th 2011,3:18 by H.T.|TOKYO,THROUGHOUT Japans recent history of earthquakes,fires and tsunamis,none have matched the combined fury of those that battered the north of the country on March 11th,killing hundreds of people and leaving at least 1,000 unaccounted for.But on March 12th the Japanese f

18、aced another danger:a nuclear accident.纵观日本近代历史的地震，火灾，和海啸记录，没有哪一次能和3月11日日本北部遭受的地震，火灾，海啸轮番席卷相提并论。这场灾害使得数百人丧生，至少一千人下落不明。然而，3月12日，日本国民面临着另一威胁：核事故。,Two nuclear plants near the coast in Fukushima,a prefecture northeast of Tokyo,were being handled as emergency situations following the failure of systems t

19、o cool five nuclear reactors that have overheated.If any were to release large quantities of radioactive material,it could create a whole new level of catastrophe.位于东京东北部福岛县海岸边的核电站，由于系统不能冷却过热的五个核反应堆，已进入紧急状态。如果其中任何一个反应堆释放出大量放射性物质，将会造成更大规模的灾难。,At this point,it is hard to gauge the degree of risk.It is

20、 an unprecedented situation in Japan,which is one of the worlds most nuclear-intensive countries.Overnight,the government extended the radius from which it evacuated people near the Fukushima First(Daiichi)plant from 3 kilometres to 10km,according to news agency reports.Tens of thousands of people l

21、ive within the radius.Tens of thousands of people live within the radius.现如今，还不能评估其风险程度。这一威胁对于世界上核密集的国家之一的日本是史无前例的。据报道，仅仅过了一夜，日本政府将位于福岛第一核电站附近的居民的撤离半径从3公里延伸至了10公里。辐射半径之内居住着数以万计的居民。,This morning,the plant,which is operated by Tokyo Electric Power(Tepco)and is among the largest in the world,released s

22、ome of the radioactive vapour that has built up in the first plant,in order to let off some of the pressure.It said radiation levels were not threateningthough in a central control room,they had risen to 1,000 times normal levels.今日清晨，世界上最大的核电站之一，东京电力公司建设的第一核电站，为了释放压力排放出一些具有放射性的水蒸气。据称，尽管中央控制室的放射浓度已经

23、升至平时的1000倍，仍旧没有危险。,In its second plant,a few miles away,temperatures in three reactors have been reported to be three times the normal level;Tepco has decided to release pressure there,too.Many Japanese are worried that Tepco may downplay the risks:it has in the past.Whatever the immediate danger,th

24、is incident is bound to produce some soul-searching in quake-prone Japan about its nuclear industry,which the government has been keenly trying to promote around the world as a greenand safeindustry.据报道，位于几公里之外的第二核电站的三个反应堆的温度是平时的三倍。东京电力公司也将对其释放压力。许多日本人担心东京电力公司会如同过去一样，对此类事故不予重视。不管直接的危险是什么，这类事件值得在地震多发

25、日本对其核产业进行深刻的反思，日本政府曾在世界范围内致力宣称核产业的环保和安全。,Since last night,the government of Naoto Kan has appeared ready to share regular data on the status of the plants with the public,though it is obviously anxious not to sow panic.It may not have helped that the initial reports were inconsistent:as the prime mi

26、nister was telling reporters on Friday evening that the countrys nuclear power plants had automatically shut down,as they should,the national news-agency,Kyodo,was reporting abnormalities at the Fukushima reactors.从昨晚开始，菅直人政府准备将核电站的常规数据公诸于众，尽管这些数据令人担忧，还不至于造成恐慌。早先的报道有前后不一致的地方，星期五傍晚菅直人首相向媒体表示核电站已根据情况，

27、理所应当的关闭了，然而日本全国性的通讯社共同社却报道福岛的核反应堆有一些“异常情况”，并未关闭。,The damage seems to have come from a variety of sources:the earthquake forced the plants to immediately halt operations,as they should have done.But the cooling systems,some of which use sea water to keep the reactor temperatures down,appear to have b

28、een affected by the tsunami.And back-up power systems also appear to have failed,though some battery-powered replacements have been brought in.危害来自多种源头：地震使得核电站立刻停止运作，他们本应如此。但是，一些使用海水给反应堆降温的冷却系统却被海啸影响。此外，尽管使用电池供电替代，后备的动力系统仍旧不能运作。,There is not much talk as yet in Japan of what would happen in the wors

29、t-case scenario:that a reactor would overheat to the point that it induced a meltdown,or even an explosion,which could release large amounts of radioactive material.There is plenty of that sort of discussion among pundits in America,however,which the Japanese can hear on international news channels

30、like the BBC.目前日本还没有许多对这一事件最坏结果的预估：反应堆过热，达到峰值后融化，甚至爆炸，可能释放出大量的放射性物质。日本民众可以在如BBC之类的国际新闻频道中得知美国许多相关专家的这些言论。,Mr Kan,the prime minister,visited at least one of the plants by helicopter early Saturday,and returned saying there was no reason to expect adverse health affects for anyone.Whether he is right

31、or not,he has a huge crisis on his hands.Latest reports from the defense ministry indicate the death toll could exceed 1,000;in Fukushima prefecture alone,1,800 houses were destroyed.Up to 300 bodies were washed ashore after the tsunami,and fires have raged along the north-eastern coastline.Four tra

32、ins are reportedly missing,as is a ship with 100 passengers.首相菅直人于周六早晨乘坐直升机视察了至少一个核电站，返回后宣传不会有影响健康的不利因素。不论他的言论是否正确，他都面临一个巨大的危机。来自国防部的最新报道显示死亡人数已达1000人。仅在福岛县就有1800所房屋被毁。将近300居尸体在海啸后被推上岸，并且东北部的海岸线火势在蔓延。四辆列车，以及一艘载有100名乘客的轮船失踪。,There are regular aftershocks,too,which inevitably keeps the public on edge

33、and must continue to be terrifying in devastated cities like Sendai,near the epicentre of the quake,and to those who live within Fukushimas nuclear radius.地震后的余震使得如仙台等位于震中附近的已遭受毁灭性破坏的城市情况危急，民众十分恐慌。那些处于福岛县辐射半径之内的居民也一样。,How to survive in an earthquake Although we dont want the earthquake to happen,it

34、happens usually.We cant stop the earthquake to happen,but we can reduce the damage that earthquake brings us.It is the most important to teach people how to survive an earthquake.Would you know what to do during a really big earthquake?Experts have looked into the matter carefully.It may be worth yo

35、ur while to look over the 10 tips they have for us.Now my five roommates will introduce the ten tips in detail to you.,Earthquake！Protect yourself first!Once the earthquake happens protect yourself first.The life is the most important because where there is a life there is a hope.If you cant easily

36、escape by getting out the door or window.Then lie down and curl up in the position next to a sofa or a large chair.Be careful and wait the quake is over.Keep calm.Check all fire source.Put out fire quickly.If you were using any sources of fire or heat,turn then off when the shaking calms down.When a

37、n earthquake happens.The pipe was always destroyed and there is no water,so must avoid the fire burning.,3、Panic can hurt you.Be careful of fallen furniture and broken glass.When you at home,dont rush out in a panic.If there is enough time to escape with our life.We must take something such as pillo

38、w and bag on our head.Because some roof tiles,broken glass and signs may fall down.4、Make sure you have a way out:open doors and windows.Secure an exit for escape when the shaking stops.Then,when you feel an earthquake outside,you must keep away from gateposts and walls.People cant keep their feet w

39、hen an earthquake happens.So they want to lean on something or grasp something.In fact,the concrete walls and other objects may fall over.It is very dangerous for us to close to them.So we had best to find a spacious ground where we can make ourselves safe.,5.Panic can hurt you Be care of fallen fur

40、niture and broken glassIn order to protect people from fallen furniture,some earthquake common regions attach cupboards and cabinets to wall.Just like Japan.Besides,putting heaven object in low position is also important.The broken glass is another thing should be considered.We can know from our tex

41、t that keep a pair of heavy comfortable shoes or boots in your home,at work,and in your vehicle.If there is an earthquake,there will be lots of fragments of broken glass ligh shoes will not protect your feet as well as heaven shoes will.,6.Make sure you have a wag out:open doors and window.Secure an

42、 exit for escape when the shaking stops.When the earth shaking It is hard to open doors.On this condition,one should open the door and keep it opening,so the other people could escape from the door.7.When earthquake happen people always do not know what to do,In ordeer to prevent chaos,everyone shou

43、ld take the right measure,you should come down it is important.Get right information from radio,television,fire station,local authorities and take the right action.,8.make sure your family and neighbors are safe.after you confirm your family is safety,check if your neighbors are all right.So do not

44、worry just calm to do everything,so everything will alright.9.Work together on rescue and first aid.Work with your neighbors to free victims from under debirs or fallen furniture and to give first aid.But remember never go to the stairs,it is very dangerous,the stairs are a likely part of the buildi

45、ng to be damaged.Even if the building doesnt collapsed,stay away from the stairs.,10.Make sure electricity and gas are off before evacuation.Turn off circuit breakers and the gas at the main before you evacuate.According to some examples,lots of people die from fire disaster after an earthquake.What

46、s more,fire make rescue more difficult.So we should improve our awareness of shutting off the gas and electricity.At last let me make a summary.After we learn the ten tips of“How to survive in an earthquake”,I think we can get a lot of common sense from it.If the earthquake really happen one day,I t

47、hink we can benefit a lot after we know something about the earthquake.,Just as the last sentence in our text book said that:“Education concerning how to survive in an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects.”It means that“How to sur

48、vive in an earthquake”plays an important role in an earthquake.People are constantly aware of the potential of an earthquake creating damage and creating dangerous conditions.So if we dont properly prepare,the next quake may cause greater personal damage than necessary.We should,therefore,keep in mind,remember to always hope for the best but prepare for the worst.,Thanks for watching,