美国文学欣赏EdgarAllanPoe.ppt
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1、Edgar Allan Poe坡(18091849),E.A.Poe(18091849),Poes mother,Edgar Allan Poe(18091849)埃德加.爱伦.坡,Part I.Life ExperiencePart II Literary PositionPart III.Major Works Part IV.Point of ViewPart V.StylePart VI.AppreciationThis daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39,a year before his death,Life
2、Experience,A miserable childhood:born in Boston,both parents died within two years after his birth,taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia,had an unhappy relationship with his foster father,An unhappy youth:at 17 went to the University of Virginia but did not finish,an appointment to West Poin
3、t but was dismissed less than a year laterA struggling life:in 1833,became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond,lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines,managed to regain the job in 1835,at 27,married his 13 year-old cousin,Virginia Clemm,dri
4、fted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his life,Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849),“我经常沉湎杯中物,但喝 酒并没使我感到半点儿乐 趣。我不惜生命和名声,不顾理智,一味喝酒,并 非追求乐趣,而是竭力逃 避令人痛苦的回忆,逃避 无法忍受的孤寂,逃避迫 在眼前的大限。”,A bitter and mysterious death:in 1847,wife died of tuberculosis,in 1849,died in mysterious c
5、ircumstances,Life Experience,a miserable childhood,was adopted by John Allan,an unhappy relationship,entered the University but didnt finish went to West Point but was dismissed,at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin,her death in 1847 left him a bitterer life,died in mysterious circumstances,in 184
6、9,Part II.Poes literary position,Forerunner of western decadent literatureForerunner of aesthetic literatureExplorer of abnormal psychologyFather of psychoanalytic criticismPath-breaker of American detective novelFather of modern short story,His position,Poes position in world literature is secure.H
7、is influence is world-wide in modern literature.His aesthetics and conscious craftsmanship,his attack on“the heresy of the didactic”and his call for“the rhythmical creation of beauty”have influenced French symbolism and the devotees of“art for arts sake”.Poe is father of many things,one of which is
8、psychoanalytic criticism,the other being the detective story.,Edgar Allan Poe,Poes literary contributionAestheticismPrinciple of beautyPrinciple of unity and concentrationCareful choice of diction for desired effect(the musical effect of words themselves)Negligence of so-called truth and social,poli
9、tical and moral suggestions“Pure poetry”or“pure art”Unity of effect and atmosphere;content in service of artistic effect,Comments on Poe,Edgar Allan Poe is the most controversial and the most misunderstood literary figure in the history of American literature.“我不在乎我的作品是现在被人读还是由子孙后代来读。我可以花一个世纪来等待读者。”
10、,Edgar Allan Poe,Emerson dismissed him in three words“the jingle man”(打油诗人),Mark Twain declared his prose to be unreadable.And Whitman was the only famous literary figure present at the Poe Memorial Ceremony in 1875.Not accepted before French symbolists like Charles Pierre Baudelaire(1821-1867)and M
11、allarm.,In America,Emerson:“the jingle man”(noisy)Mark Twain:His prose is unreadable.Henry James:“an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”,Whitman:admit Poes genius,but it was“its narrow range and unhealthy,lurid quality”(terrible)T.S.Eliot:a critic of the fir
12、st rank,but with“slipshod writing”(careless),Reasons for Misunderstanding,1)As a perceptive critic,he wrote some scathing criticisms on distinguished literary figures.2)His literary executor sullied his reputation after his death.,In Europe,George Bernard Shaw:“the greatest journalistic critic of hi
13、s time”His poetry is“exquisitely refined”.His tales are“complete works of art”.Baudelaire:“Edgar Poe,who isnt much in America,must become a great man in France.”,柯南道尔:“一名侦探小说家只能沿这条不宽的主道而行,所以他时时都会发现前方有坡的脚印。如果他偶尔能设法偏离主道,独辟蹊径,那他就可以感到心满意足了。”凡尔纳:“他肯定会有模仿者,有人会试图超越他,有人会试图发展他的风格,但许多自以为已经超过他的人其实永远也不可能与他相提并论。
14、”肖伯纳:“它们不仅仅是一篇篇小说,而完全是一件件艺术品。”,Poe enjoyed respect and welcome in Europe,His reputation was first made in France,Today,his works are read with appreciation and understanding.,Poes influence was considerable in Spain,Italy,Germany and Russia.,Poe was the first American writer who formulized the techn
15、ique of the short story.In pursuit of the totality of effect through compression,immediacy and finality,Poe invented the genre of the detective story and developed a new fiction of psychological analysis.Poe has thus often been considered as the father of the modern short story.,Part III.Major Works
16、,Famous American poet,short-story writer,and literary criticMost controversial and misunderstood in AmericaWell received in Europe,England,Spain,esp.in France Literary output:some seventy short stories and a dozen poemsA:Poems B:Short storiesC:literary theoryD:one full-length novel:The Narrative of
17、Arthur Gordon Pym(1838)亚瑟.戈登.皮姆的故事,Shaws evaluation of Poes achievement,a critic,a poet,a short story writer,the greatest journalistic critic of his time,his poetry is“exquisitely refined“(精致优雅),his tales are complete works of art,a great writer of fiction,a poet of the first rank,and a critic of in
18、sight,a.A short story writer,stories:two kinds,Horror,Ratiocination(推理),“The Fall of the House of Usher”,“The Black Cat”,“The Cask of Amontillado”,“Ligeia”(莉盖亚),“The Purloined Letter”(被窃的信件),fifty poems,typically Romantic,in both form and content,Poes poetictheories,Poetry should be short and readab
19、le at one sitting,should appeal only to“beauty”(aiming at“an elevating excitement of the soul”)True poetry is“the rhythmical creation of beauty”,“The Philosophy of Composition“The Poetic Principle”,b.A poet,c.A literary critic,Poems,1 The Raven(1844)乌鸦2 Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔丽3 The Sleeper 睡美人4 A Dream Wi
20、thin a Dream 梦中梦5 Israfel伊斯拉菲尔6 The Bells 钟7 Sonnet To Science 十四行诗-致科学8 To Helen 献给海伦9 The City in the Sea 海中的城市,made Poe famous as a poet,symbol of his dark doubtsand frustrated longing,“Nevermore”永不再,Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 述异集,a collection of short stories,tales,two kinds,Horror,Rat
21、iocination(推理),“The Murders in the Rue Morgue”莫格街谋杀案,“The Gold Bug”金甲虫,“The Black Cat”黑猫,“The Cask of Amontillado”(红色死亡假面舞会),“Ligeia”莉盖亚,“The Fall of the House of Usher”a story in Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque,“The Purloined Letter”被窃的信件,“The Mystery of Marie Roget”玛丽罗杰谜案,Short Stories,1.Horr
22、or Fiction(死亡恐怖小说)The Fall of the House of UsherThe Masque of the Red DeathLigeiaThe Black CatThe Cask of AmontilladoThe Tell-Tale Heart,2.Detective Novel(推理侦探小说)Murders in the Rue MorgueThe Purloined LetterThe Gold Bug3.Science Fiction(科幻小说)4.Satirical Novel(幽默讽刺小说),Short stories,1 MS.Found in a Bo
23、ttle(1833)瓶中手稿2 Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque(1839)荒诞奇异的故事3 The Murders in the Rue Morgue(1841)毛格街血案4 The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古屋的倒塌5 The Cask of Amontillado 一桶白葡萄酒6 Ligeia 丽姬亚7 The Purloined Letter 窃信案8 The Man of the Crowd 人群中的人9 The Tell-Tale Heart 泄密的心10 William Wilson威廉.威尔逊11
24、 Black Cat黑猫12 The Imp of the Perverse变态的小鬼13 The Gold Bug金甲虫14 The Mystery of Marie Roger 玛丽.罗热疑案15 The Masque of the Red Death 红色死亡的化妆舞会,literary theory,The Poetic Principle The Philosophy of Composition Review of Twice-Told Tales 评霍桑的,His theory for short story-clarity,1.The short story must be o
25、f such length as to be read at one sitting(brevity),so as to ensure the totality of impression.2.The very first sentence ought to help to bring out the“single effect”of the story.3.No word should be used which does not contribute to the“pre-established”design of the work(compression).4.A tale should
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