趣味英语语法.ppt
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1、趣味英语语法,趣味英语语法 第一讲 英语的词类名词:我们叫名词,是一切物体的名称,例如:football、足球 track 跑道、tiger 老虎、television 电视机、boy 男孩、Liu Xiang 刘翔 等就是名词,任何英语中的句子都必须使用名词,你说我们是不是最重要。,动词:我们特别好动,所以大家都管我们叫动词,例如:fence击剑、jump 跳跃、run 跑步、play 打球、water浇水 等一切反映某种动作的词就是我们,其实我们才是最重要的,没有动词谁知道你在干什么。,形容词:名词和动词太自以为是了,知道我们的作用吗?没有我们日月无光,一切物体都会黯然失色,知道我们是谁吗
2、?我们就是大名鼎鼎的形容词,事实胜于雄辩:a beautiful girl 美丽的 女孩,a kind mother慈祥的 母亲,a fierce tiger凶猛的 老虎,能够感觉出我们的重要了吗?美丽的、慈祥的、凶猛的,这就是我们形容词。,副词:谁说动词最重要,没有我们,谁承认你们 跳得高,练得苦,移动得快,就算你们动词是绿叶吧,我们副词才是红花,看看我们的本领:jump high 高高地越起,train hard刻苦训练,quickly move 飞快地移动,你说哪个动词不需要我们画龙点睛,关键可是点睛啊。我们的作用不仅仅是为动词服务,有时全句都得靠我们烘托,,代词:言外之意就是用我们代替
3、别的词,譬如:she 可以代替 mother 母亲、sister 姐妹、girlfriend 女朋友,等等所有的表示单个女性的名词,我们代词不但可以代替所有的名词、数词,有时冷不丁还能代替个短语或者句型呢!别门缝里看人,我们可是最最重要的替身,没有我们的替代,谁还喜欢听你们罗嗦。I 我、you 你、he 他、she 她、it 它、we 我们、you 你们、they 他们,my 我的,your 你的、his 他的、this 这、those 那些等等,就是代词。你试试看,没有我们,你们表达个事情是不是有点不方便:小鹏的妈妈在一家医院工作,小鹏的妈妈是一名医生,小鹏的妈妈工作非常努力。哈!哈1哈!罗
4、嗦!把划线的地方换成我们代词,她,是不是即清楚又简洁。,介词:我们是英语中最活跃的词,几乎所有的句子都得请我们登场,按照现在最流行的说法,我们出镜率最高。我们特别善于团结别的兄弟姐妹,常常和名词、代词一起构成介词短语,用以表示时间、地点、条件、方式等等,看看下面的短语,知到谁是介词吗?on the table 在桌子上,under the bed 在床下面,at school 在学校,for her mother为了母亲,to the store 去商店,in the morning 在早晨,with my boyfriend 和我的男朋友一起。以上划线的词就是介词,我们利害吧,没有我们,人们
5、无法组成完整的英语句子!我们就是无处不在的介词。,英语中共有十种词类,我们今天认识了名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词。其余四种:数词:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven连词:and,but,so叹词:oh冠词:the,a,an 不在此处介绍。作业:阅读相关部分语法材料并做练习。,句子成分:Miss Zhou:一句话就像一棵树,是由根、干、枝杈、叶等部分组成。不同的部分有不同的作用。那么英语的句子都有哪些成分呢?英语句子的成分有:主语、谓语、宾语、状语、定语、表语等。看看例句。例句:他 姐姐 网球打得 特别好。His sister plays tennis q
6、uite well.定语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语I am a coach.我是一名教练员。主语 系动词 表语晓通:新时代了,早就不提倡我包办代替了,下面也请句子成分自己,分别说一说他们各自的作用吧。,请从下面每组英语单词中找出不同之处,并在多出的字母或者变化之处下面画一条线。ballballs 球 roomrooms 房间 dogdogs 狗 bedbeds 床 tabletables 桌子 busbuses 公共汽车 brushbrushes 刷子 boxboxes 盒子 watchwatches 手表 下一行稍微复杂一点:citycities 城市 countrycountries 国家晓
7、华:英语真啰嗦,名词还要分什么单数复数,复数后面整个s,或者es,真是给自己添麻烦,我们汉语多方便呀,从不分什么单数复数。,这叫科学。双炮胎,还不会一模一样呢!加个 s 你就有意见,动词变得还多呢!入乡随俗,学我们英语就得懂我们的规矩,还是让我给你讲讲吧!多数名词的复数直接加s,例如:bookbooks 书 deskdesks 课桌 studentstudents 学生 mothermothers 母亲当单词末尾的字母是:s x ch sh 等时,名词复数要加 es。例如:busbuses 公共汽车 boxboxes 盒子 watchwatches 手表 brushbrushes 刷子 以辅音
8、字母加 y 结尾的名词构成复数时,去掉 y 变成 i 再加 es。(26个字母除了a e i o u 五个元音字母外都是辅音字母。)例如:,citycities 城市 studystudies 书房 boyboies 男孩 这样变化对吗?字母o 是元音字母所以不适合这条规定,仍要直接加 s。以字母 f 或者 fe 结尾的名词构成复数时,要把 f 或者 fe 改成 v 再写 es,例如:lifelives 生活 shelfshelves 书架 不规则变化:在英语中有少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要注意积累。例如:manmen 男人 womanwomen 女人 childchildren 儿童
9、footfeet 脚练习:按照练习册的要求做练习。,人称代词:主格、宾格、所有格以及反身带词晓华:英语真是够麻烦的,名词复数刚刚整明白,代词也来添乱,还出现那么多格,我们汉语多好,没什么格不格的,我就是我,到哪里都不变,这是表里如一。英语却出现了 I(主格)me(宾格)什么的,你们英国人是不是特啰嗦啊。Miss Zhou:老冒了吧,英语最讲究了,不同的场合要有不同的着装,游泳时能穿西服吗?作用不同就要用不同的形式,还是先看看我给你画的表吧。,主格:就是做主语的格式,在句子中当然是做主语了。I am s student.不能说 Me am a student.They are in the cl
10、assroom.不能说 Them are in the classroom.宾格:就是做宾语的格式,在句中做宾语。Let us go.咱们走吧。Tell him not to be late.告诉他别晚了。晓通:有个小窍门,就告诉你一个,主语一般都放在句子前面,宾语放在动词的后面。明白了吗?千万别告诉别人。,Miss Zhou:代词的所有格太简单了,就是归谁所有的意思,所有格后面有个名词,用所有格确定东西是谁的,所有格也称之为物主代词,言外之意物归谁所有。例如:my money 我的钱。如果把 my 去掉,钱就不知道是谁的了,你乐意吗?还例如:your sister 你的姐妹;his book
11、s 他的书;her room 她的房间 our school 我们的学校;their teachers 他们的老师,一定要注意代词的所有格同主格与宾格的区别。注:名词性的所有格,mine,yours,hers 等不在此作介绍。反身代词:课下自己阅读语法读本。,英语句子的基本成分有8种:,主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)补语(complement)表语(predicative)同位语(Appositive),1)Mr.Chen is a well-known scientist.2)He reads news
12、papers everyday.3)Two and six is eight.4)Smoking is harmful to health.5)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.6)What we shall do next is not yet decided.,可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等主语一般在句首。,主语:,1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.2)She seemed tired.3)What have you been doing?4)What h
13、ave you done?5)He was often laughed at for this.6)Id rather he didnt come tomorrow.,谓语:说明主语的动作,状态或特征。做谓语的词类是动词,宾语:宾语通常在及物动词和介词的后面,1)I think it right to help her.2)My little sister always likes to ask questions.3)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?4)He asked me what I was going to do in summer.,可
14、以做宾语的词类是名词代词数词不定式动名词从句等,系动词:1)be seem appear2)look sound taste smell feel 3)get turn grow become go4)stay remain keep continue,感官类,变化类,维持类,表语:,表语通常在系动词后。,1)My uncle is a professor.2)He looked tired.3)The basketball match is on.4)All the pupils are on the playground now.5)Our aim was to win more meda
15、ls.6)His work is teaching French.7)The question is who can really repair the machines.,定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子.,注意:单个词常置被修饰词前,短语从句置后,The girl in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy needs a coffee cup.The best boy here is Tom.There is nothing to do today.The smiling boy needs a pen bought b
16、y his mother.This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.,状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的短语或从句句子,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、伴随、程度、目的等。,位置较灵活,1)She sings quite well.2)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.3)He sits there,asking for a pen.4)The boy needs a pen to do hishomework.5)If I have some spare
17、 time,I will take up German.,同位语:是在名词或代词之后,重复指代并进一步说明名词或代词的成分。常置被修饰词语后,可以做同位语的词类有名词代词从句等,We students should study hard.We all are students.Bush,President of the United States,will visit China next month.The suggestion that a new bridge be builthere was accepted.We were overjoyed at the news that our
18、 team had won.,补语:补充说明主语或宾语.做“宾补”时在宾语后,做“主补”时在谓语后可以做补语的词类与可以做表语的词类相同,1)The government appointed(任命)her chief delegate(代表)to the conference.2)I dont believe the story true.3)You should put your things in order.4)The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.5)We saw the pupils playing basketball.6
19、)She was elected monitor of Class 1.,用符号标出下列句子的成分:,1)I saw your uncle in the shop yesterday.2)Her father became a Party member in 1950.3)To sleep on a spring bed is very comfortable.4)Mr.Hopkins teaches Mary English.5)She knows how to teach English properly.,用符号标出下列句子的成分:,6)The next morning,we found
20、 him lying in bed,dead.7)Being Chinese,we care much about how many gold medals the Chinese team has got.8).Who are you looking for?,9).It was a pity that you didnt watch that wonderful football match.10)I think it necessary for us to learn English.12)Many accidents which occur in the streets could b
21、e prevented if we were more careful.13)The watch which her mother gave to her works very well.14)His delay of an hour is due to the fact that the train met with a minor accident.,1)He knows the secret.,2)The student has improved his way of learning.,3)Every one eats a piece of cake.,Find out the obj
22、ect(宾语),Find out the subject(主语)in each sentence,1)We won the game.,2)That the earth runs round the sun is well known.(=Its well known that the earth runs round the sun.),3)Whether hell come is not known.,4)How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.,5)When theyll start the project h
23、as not been decided yet.,1)He knows the secret.,2)The student has improved his way of learning.,3)Every one eats a piece of cake.,Find out the object,4)They dont know what they should do.,5)I just want to understand why you cant remember English words.,6)We dont know whether they are right.,Do you f
24、ind predictives in the following?,1)What she said is not true.2)She still looks young though she is over 40.3.My problem is that we are short of hands.,4.The weather turned out to be good.5.The food in the dish has gone bad.6.My problem is whether we go there by train.,同位语从句的引导词常用that,wh-,how等。,e.g.
25、,I have no idea,when he will be back.,how he can get the treasure.,where the concert will be hold.,who can finish the work.,why it happened.,which pen is mine.,what we should do next.,whom they are talking about.,whether itll rain tomorrow.,that our football team won the game.,其后常用同位语从句的名词主要是抽象名词,如:
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