[英语]语法专题1213.ppt
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1、2012-2013 高三英语语法复习,语法复习一:英语句子成分(一)定义:构成句子的各个部分(二)句子成分有:主语、谓语 表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 The girl jumped.,(全优 Page11),主语:一个句子所叙述的主体 由名词性的词来充当(名词/代词、数词、to do/doing、从句)During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this cla
2、ss are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.It is necessary to master a foreign language.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.The rich should help the poor.,the+adj.、,谓语:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态 由动词充当 谓语的构成:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practice
3、s running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。You may keep the book for two weeks.(2)由系动词加表语构成。We are students.,(及物、不及物、双宾、系动、宾补动词),We are learning English today.We are listening to our teacher.Mum gave the boy a big apple.The apple tastes sweat.We will make our classroom beautiful together.,
4、(全优 Page16),Practice选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will
5、be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework,What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send
6、D.doctor He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give B.did C.whom D.book,表语:说明主语的身份、特征和状态,位于系动词后。由名词/代词、数词、非谓语动词、介词短语、形容/副词、从句来充当 Our teacher of English is an American.Is it yours?The weather has turned cold.Time is up.Three times seven is twenty one?
7、The machine must be out of order.Her job is to look after those children.What he likes is reading novels.Are you satisfied with your new job?The truth is that he has never been abroad.,表语使用形容词,不用副词!,(全优 Page21),宾语:动作的对象或承受者,一般位于 及物动词后和介词后。动词宾语 介词宾语 动宾结构 介宾结构 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)Lend me your dictio
8、nary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)They elected him their monitor.,They went to see an exhibition yesterday.The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me.I enjoy listening t
9、o popular music.I think(that)he is fit for his office.,(名词/代词、数词、to do/doing、the+adj.、从句),由名词性的词充当。,(全优 Page27),Practice挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.How many new words did you learn last class?S
10、ome of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.They made him monitor of the class.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.You will find it useful after you leave school.They didnt know who Father Christmas rea
11、lly is.,practice划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?,宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明,使句子 的意义完整。由名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语、从句充当。(带宾补的动词:感官动词、使役动词、表请求的动词)His father named
12、him Dongming.They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room.We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.,(全优 Page49),practice挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read ne
13、wspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?,定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句 定语使用形容词(形容词、代词、名词、名词所有格、数词、非谓语、介词短语、从句)
14、Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is readi
15、ng an article about how to learn English.,(全优 Page16),状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 状语用副词 由副词、介词短语、非谓语、从句充当。(状语种类:地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随)Light travels most quickly.He has lived in the city for ten years.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.He is in the room making a mode
16、l plane.Once you begin,you must continue.,(全优 Page39&44),Practice挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.Sh
17、e loves the library because she loves books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:1.Whether well go depend on the weather.2.Peoples standards of living are going up steadily.3.That was how they were defeated.
18、4.The nursery takes good care of our children.5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow.6.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other.8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.10.Anyway,I w
19、ont stop you from doing it.,主,谓,表,介宾,间宾,宾,定,定,定/宾补,状,10.I have a lot of work to do.11.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it.12.I said it in fun.13.We can send a car over to fetch you.14.She had to work standing up.15.Seeing this,some comrades became very worried.16.Much interested,he agreed to give i
20、t a try.17.The bus arrived ten minutes late.18.We should serve the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on,the tree turned green.20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.,定,状,状,状,状,状,状,状,状,状,定,宾,22.Its strange that she doesnt
21、 come today.23.It was in the library that I come today.24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working.25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.,主,定,状,This is my friend,Lily.,同位语:,Keys to revising1.句子各自成分由什么词充当代词:主语 主格;宾语/表语 宾格;定语 形容词性物主代词非谓语:主语/宾语-to do/doing;表语/状语-to do/doing/d
22、one形容词:主语/宾语-the+adj.;表语-adj介词短语:主语/宾语-不可用2.动词的过去分词形式(不规则变化)3.人称代词的4中形式,英语语法复习二:基本句型(一)英语简单句五种基本句型一:(主谓)二:(主系表)三:(主谓宾)四:(主谓间宾直宾)五:(主谓宾宾补)五种基本句型句子的扩张其他各种句子都可由以上基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。,只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often dr
23、aws pictures for the wall newspapers.,(二)There be 句型(There be 句型表示某处或某时“存在”某人某物。其中,there无实际意义;be的单复数与紧跟着的名词的数一致,有时态和情态变化;be 动词有时可用live,stand,lie等代替。)There is a pond and two tall trees in front of the classroom.2.There are two tall trees and a pond in front of the classroom.3.There were many students
24、 waiting for the bus at the bus stop then.4.There must be a mistake somewhere.5.There stands/is a mountain near the lake,找出下列句子中的简单句。1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go t
25、o school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer i
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