电大【医院管理学】重点参考小抄.doc

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1、专业好文档*医疗事故：医疗机构及医务人员在医疗活动中，违反医疗卫生管理法规、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规，过失造成患者人身损害的事故*医疗事故的构成要件必须具备以下几个方面：1）医疗事故的主体必须是医疗机构及其医务人员 2）医疗事故发生在医疗活动中 3）造成医疗事故的行为存在违法性4）医疗机构及其医务人员在主观上存在过失 5)过失行为和损害后果之间存在因果关系 *医疗纠纷：医疗纠纷是指医患双方对诊疗过程发生的不良后果及其产生原因认识不一致而发生的争议基本医疗的界定：基本诊疗技术、基本药物、基本设施和基本偿付费用*医学技术评估评价功效性与安全性读额方法：1）临床前期评价法 2）非正规的

2、临床评价法 3）流行病学评价法 4）临床对照实验发 5）正规综合法*首诊负责制：指首次接诊病员的科室和医师对病员的检查、诊断、治疗和抢救均应承担责任制度医疗服务质量：医疗服务质量是指医疗服务消费者实际感知的医疗服务水平(即体验的服务质量)与他们对服务质量的期望(即期望的服务质量)之间的对比。*国际医院评审标准：（一）以患者为中心的标准：1）医疗服务的可及性和连续性 2）患者及其家属的权利 3）患者病情的评估 4）患者的治疗 5）患者及其家属的教育（二）医疗机构管理标准：1）质量改进与患者安全 2）感染的预防与控制 3）管理体制，领导和指导 4）设施管理与安全 5）员工的资质与教育 6）信息的管

3、理*临床药师：以系统药学专业知识为基础，具有一定的临床医学知识，熟悉对药物性能与作用，了解疾病治疗要求与特点，参与合理用药方案设计与保障。具有临床药学硕士学位，或临床药学学士学位并在医院工作3年以上，或药学专业本科毕业，在医院工作获得中级职称的药学技术人员担任*医院感染：住院病人在医院内获得的感染，包括在住院期间发生的感染或医院内获得出院后发生的感染，但不包括如愿前已经开始或住院时已经处于潜伏期的感染。医院工作人员在院内获得的感染也属于医院感染医院感染的类型：1）外源性感染 2）内源性感染医院感染的危险因素：宿主因素，病原体因素，环境因素*医院质量管理的三级结构：院级质量管理，科室管理，个人岗

4、位工作人员注意填空题第一章和第二章比较多其他重点老师说不能全给（*号为必考，老师说的）临床药师和医院感染重点部分有发散性，自己多看看Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated ag

5、ainst USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck

6、 with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugb

7、y league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football As

8、sociations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience

9、was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by T

10、oures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have

11、 to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 m

12、iles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,00

13、0 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far

14、history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating

15、on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournamen

16、t has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.