动词的时态、语态及主谓一致课件.ppt

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1、提示类填空第1讲 动词的时态、语态及主谓一致,技法1:基本定义需记牢高考语法填空对时态的考查多为基本定义的考查,因此掌握高考考试说明中规定的时态的基本用法对解题非常重要。,【典例导引】(2016全国卷)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and_(be)too violent for use at the table.,【解题思路】分析句子结构句子缺少谓语根据从句中的would及连词and判断谓语动词表示过去联想表示过去的时态的基本定义尝试解答:_,were,【技法解读】准确理解高考常考的七种时态的基本用法表示经常

2、性或习惯性动作、客观事实或存在的状态要想到用一般现在时;Light travels at 300,000 kilometers a second.光每秒传播30万千米。,表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般过去时;Sam was late for school this morning because he didnt sleep until midnight.山姆今天早上上学迟到了是因为他半夜才睡觉。,表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般将来时;In the near future,more advances in the robot technology w

3、ill be made by scientists.在不久的将来,科学家们将在机器人技术上取得更多进展。,表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作要想到用现在进行时;Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.青少年正在毁掉他们的健康,因为他们玩太多电脑游戏了。,表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作要想到用过去进行时;She was writing a book about America last year but I dont know whether she has finished

4、 it.她去年在写一本关于美国的书,但我不知道她现在是否写完了。,表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其产生的影响或结果现在还存在;或持续到现在的动作或状态要想到用现在完成时;His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.自从上个月出版以来,他的第一部小说就受到了好评。,表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成,即“过去的过去”时要想到用过去完成时;The news came as no surprise to me.I had known for some time that the factory

5、 was going to shut down.这个消息的到来对我来说没什么可吃惊的。工厂将要倒闭的消息我已经知道有一段时间了。,【题组过关】(2016北京高考改编)I _(read)half of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.(2016北京高考改编)Jack _(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.,have read,was working,Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I _(leave)my

6、 book in the cafe.The best information about hotels usually _(come)from friends who have been there.,had left,comes,技法2:时间状语要明了在高考语法填空中,有时会直接给出时间标志,考生可以根据所给标志词或时间状语轻松得出答案。,【典例导引】(2016四川高考)Then,after two and a half years,the mother _(drive)the young panda away.,【解题思路】分析句子结构句子缺少谓语根据时间状语after two and a

7、 half years判断表示过去的情况尝试解答:_,drove,【技法解读】牢记各种时态常用标志词看到always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month.),once a week(day,year,month.),on Sundays等时间状语,想到一般现在时;,看到yesterday,last+时间(如last+week,month,year,Monday等),in+过去的年份,时间+ago(如a few minutes ago,two weeks ago,years ago等),before,the age of,the o

8、ther day,once upon a time,时间段+later等时间状语,要想到用一般过去时;,看到tomorrow,next day(week,month,year.),soon,the day after tomorrow,in+时间段(in two hours,in a few minutes等),in the future等时间段,要想到用一般将来时;看到now,at this time,at this moment,look,listen,at present,these days,this week等标志词,要想到用现在进行时;,看到for+一段时间,since+时间点,s

9、ince+时间段+ago,ever since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,lately,recently,up to now,in/during/over the past/last+一段时间,要想到用现在完成时;看到by/before/by the end of/by the time of+过去时间点,要想到用过去完成时;,【题组过关】(2015全国卷)This cycle _(go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus alwa

10、ys a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.,goes,Once upon a time,there _(be)a silly emperor who loved clothing more than anything else.At the moment,he _(write)an article which is related to the origin of human beings.In the last few years,China _(make)great achievements in environmental pr

11、otection.,was,is writing,has made,技法3:语境理解少不了高考对动词的考查更关注通过语境解题,因此学会判断上下文的语境信息很关键。,【典例导引】(2015全国卷)It was raining lightly when I _(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.,【解题思路】分析句子结构句子缺少谓语根据主句的时态was raining判断从句谓语表示过去发生的事情尝试解答:_,arrived,【技法解读】句子没有明确的时间状语,考生需借助上下文语境,挖掘出隐含信息,弄清动作发生的时间以及顺序,才能得出答案。,【题组过关】(20

12、14全国卷)In 1969,the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It _(be)unimaginable that it could be ever be cleaned up.,was,To my delight,I _(choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.I went to Ningxia and _(stay)there for one year,teaching as a volunte

13、er.,was chosen,stayed,技法4:固定句式很重要固定句式在高考语法填空中占有一席之地,因此记牢它们对解题非常关键。,【典例导引】(2016菏泽一模)It may be hard for you as this is the first time that you _(leave)your parents.,【解题思路】分析句子结构使用固定结构“it is the+序数词+time+that从句”根据固定结构确定从句中时态应用现在完成时尝试解答:_,have left,【技法解读】牢记几种固定句式看到no sooner.than.或hardly.when.,要想到主句用过去完成

14、时,从句用一般过去时;看到并列连词when,要想到与was/were doing连用;,看到It/This/That is+序数词+that从句,要想到从句用现在完成时;看到It/This/That was+序数词+that从句,要想到从句用过去完成时;看到It/This is+最高级+名词+that从句,要想到从句用现在完成时;看到“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”,要想到陈述句用一般将来时。,【题组过关】Its said that this is the first time the painting_(show)to the public,which attracts many peopl

15、e.It goes without saying that this is the best place I_(be)to.,has been showed,have been,Yesterday,I _(wait)for bus when the rainstarted to come down.Put your heart into study,and you _(make)a lot of progress soon.,was waiting,will make,技法5:逻辑关系要理清搞清句中主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是做题的根本。如果主语和谓语存在主动关系,用主动语态;如果主语和谓语存在

16、被动关系,用被动语态。,【典例导引】(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.,【解题思路】分析句子结构句子缺少谓语判断主语chopsticks与谓语make的逻辑关系被动关系尝试解答:_,be made,【技法解读】(1)牢记高考常考的几种时态的被动语态,(2)不能用被动语态的动词和短语不及物动词(短语)没有宾语,故不能用于被动语态。take place,come true,come about,break out,appear,happen,disapp

17、ear,last,arise等。,表示主语特征的词,如read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock,break,catch,cut,drive,open等,常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。系动词如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等不能用于被动语态。,【题组过关】(2016四川高考)The giant panda _(love)by people throughout the world.(

18、2016江苏高考改编)More efforts,as reported,_(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform.,is loved,will be made,(2014辽宁高考)Tai Chi _(call)“shadow boxing”in English.It asks you to act like water to be flexible as well as strong.Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order w

19、hat _(look)nice.Because of the heavy snow,a serious accident _(happen)to the family.,is called,looks,happened,技法6:主谓一致原则【典例导引】(2016全国卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.,【解题思路】分析句子结构句子缺少谓语动名词短语作主语可判断谓语动词用单数尝试解答:_,is,【技法解读】(1)语法一致原则主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动

20、词就用复数形式。当and连接两个或多个名词,或both.and.连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。,主语后有with,along with,together with,as well as,no less than,rather than,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。,定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的

21、数保持一致。不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Reading is learning.读书就是学习。在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。,(2)意义一致原则即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。,表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government等)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语

22、动词用复数形式。,(3)就近一致原则由either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but(also).,not.but.或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。There be.和Here be.这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。,【题组过关】(2016温州一模)It was the boy,rather than his teacher,that _(be)to blame for what he had done.(2016双鸭山一模)The number of traffic accidents that happen

23、in developing countries _(be)increasing.,was,is,To a disabled person,even 50 meters _(be)a long distance to cover.It is reported that there _(be)going to be heavy storms in the coming month.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _(be)tired of having one examination after another.,is,are,are,At yesterdays

24、 party,the number of people invited _(be)fifty,but a number of them _(be)absent for different reasons.,was,were,【状元技法】时态语态解题技法四步一提醒第一步,确定句子是否缺谓语如果括号中给出的词是动词,首先分析句子成分,看句子是否缺谓语。,第二步,确定动词的时态确定缺少谓语之后,根据具体的语境、时间状语等确定使用哪种时态。第三步,确定动词的语态根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系确定语态。,第四步,确定主谓一致最后根据主语确定谓语动词在人称和数上的一致性。提醒:如果括号中给出的词是动词,偶尔

25、会考查词性转换。例如:Every morning when we get up,we have a _(choose)of how we want to face life that day.,choice,易错点1相近时态混用(2016青岛一模)China _(spend)a lot of money on such research over the past years.(母题变式)China _(spend)a lot of money on such research before Tu Youyou gained the award.,【点拨】现在完成时和过去完成时的区别(1)现在

26、完成时是指某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,或对现在有影响,是站在“现在”的时间点上;过去完成时则比现在完成时往前推了一段时间,即“过去的过去”,是站在“过去”的时间点上。,(2)题根据over the past years可知spend这个动作是站在“现在”的时间点上,填has spent;题根据before Tu Youyou gained the award可判断spend这个动作是站在“过去”的时间点上,填had spent。,易错点2语境信息把握不准(2016东城一模)The manager _(leave)for London for a business conference t

27、his afternoon.Can you get him to the airport?(母题变式)The manager _(leave)for London for a business conference already.Can you visit him when he comes back?,【点拨】(1)根据题中后文Can you get him to the airport?说明经理将要离开,此处be+现在分词表示将来时,故填is leaving。(2)根据题中后文Can you visit him when he comes back?说明经理已经离开。另外,根据标志词already,故填has left。,易错点3把其他成分当成主语It is reported that these ways to grow more trees in the desert _(be)very effective.(母题变式)It is reported that finding ways to grow more trees in the desert _(be)his life goal.,【点拨】(1)题中主语为these ways,因此谓语要用复数形式。故填are。(2)题中主语为finding ways,动名词作主语,因此谓语要用单数形式。故填is。,