人教版英语必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandela 知识点课件.pptx

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1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero,第 一 讲,MAIN CONTENTS,1.核心词汇,2.句子控,3.Have a try,PART ONE Vacabulary Phrase,核心词汇,generous adj.,教材P34原句 He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.他不吝啬自己的时间，我为此非常感谢。,be generous with sth.不吝啬某物be generous to sb.对某人慷慨大方It is/was generous of sb to do sth.某人做某

2、事真是慷慨大度,慷慨的；大方的；宽厚的；仁慈的,反义词：mean generosity n.慷慨；大方；,mean,v.意味着；意欲,adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；,mean doing sth.意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算做某事had meant to do sth.本打算做某事而没有做,be very mean with money 对钱十分吝啬be mean to sb.对某人刻薄,教材P33原句 A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人就是某个致力于用他/她的生命帮

3、助他人的人。,devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于,devote ones life/time/energy/attention.to(doing)sth.花费生命/时间/精力/注意力.致力于（做）某事上”devote oneself to(doing)sth.献身于；专心于,devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的；be devoted to 对.热爱/投入,类似于devote.to.结构中to为介词的词组还有：look forward to stick to lead to turn tobe related to refer to pay attention to,期待；盼望,坚

4、持,导致,注意到,与有关,提到；指的是,翻到；求助于,The idea for the new machine came to Mr Baker to his invention.A.while he was devoted B.while devotingC.while devoting himself D.while devoted,即学即用,A,1,2,guidance n.指导；领导；引导；导航,guidance on/about sth.关于某事的指导under sbs guidance 在某人的引导之下,3,教材P34原句 He offered guidance to poor b

5、lack people on their legal problems.他为穷苦的黑人提供有关法律问题的指导。,guide v.带领；引导 n.向导；导游；指南,be active in=take an active part in 积极参与;在活跃,【拓展】,take action to do sth.对采取行动act n.&v.行为，举动，行动 action n.行为，做法activity n.活动 actor/actress n.男/女演员,用act的适当形式填空(1)He takes an _ part in the fighting against pollution and tak

6、es a firm and effective _ to prevent pollution.(2)He is always _ in outofclass _ every day.,active,active,activities,action,即学即用,attack.with.attack.for(doing)sth.,教材P34原句 We chose to attack the laws.我们选择向法律进攻。,attack v.进攻；攻击；抨击 n.攻击；袭击；抨击；突然发作,用.攻击,因（做）某事抨击.,attack on 袭击.;抨击.be/come under attack 遭到袭

7、击/抨击,教材P34原句 But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和 白人平等的梦想。,1,2,equal/i:kwl/adj.平等的；相等的 v.等于；比得上；与相匹敌 n.同等的人或物,be equal to 与相等，相当于某事物 be equal to(doing)sth.能胜任；能够做equal in size/length 在尺寸/长度.差不多,All

8、 men are born _and we must enjoy _ rights andchances in everything.A.fair;same B.similar;fair C.equal;equal D.fairly;equal,C,即学即用,be equal to 与.相等be equal with 与.平等,out of work 失业,没有工作,出问题,教材P34原句 and I worried about whether I would become out of work.我很担心我是不是会失业。,Learn more,out of 常有“出于，由于；缺乏，没有；放弃

9、，丧失；越出.之外”等意义。反义词为into或in。,out of question 毫无疑问 out of sight 看不见out of order 出故障；有毛病 out of reach 够不到，够不着out of patience 不耐烦 out of breath 上气不接下气,拓展,lose heart 丧失勇气或信心,As long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed.只要不灰心，你会成功的。,turn to(prep.)求助于；致力于；开始行动,We have to turn to some bigger companies for

10、 technical help.我们不得不向一些更大的公司寻求技术援助,教材P35原句 Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么纳尔逊曼德拉为了使黑人和白人平等而求助于暴力？,【拓展】,turn against 背叛 turn in 上交；交还turn.into.(使)成为turn off 关掉(水、电、煤气等)turn on 打开(水、电 煤气等)turn over(使)打翻/翻身/移交turn up 开大；出现；找到turn down(音量)关小；拒绝turn out 证

11、明是；结果是,When _ great trouble,you should learn to make the quick choice without someone to turn _ for advice.A.in;down B.in;to C.into;up D.under;to,即学即用,【解析】选B。句意：当处于麻烦中时，你应该学会在没有人可以求助时做出迅速的选择。in trouble处在困难中；turn to sb.for sth.向某人请求某物/事。,B,fight for 为而斗争;努力争取 fight against 与作斗争fight with 和并肩作战，和打仗/打架

12、/斗争,vote v.投票，选举;提议;投票表决 n.投票，表决;投票数;投票权;决议,教材P34原句 Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.当时黑人没有选举权，他们无法选择他们的领导人。,vote.down 投票否决；投票击败vote in 投票选出；选举put.to the vote 将.付诸表决 vote through 表决通过take/have a vote on 对.进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对,as a matter of fact 事实上,教材P34原句 As a matter of

13、 fact,I do not like violence 事实上，我并不喜欢暴力，,Learn more,拓展,Have you always lived here?No,_.Ive only lived here for the last three years.as usual B.as a matter of fact C.whats more D.for example,即学即用,【解析】句意：你一直住在这里吗？不是，事实上。我仅过去的三年住在这里。A项“通常，往常”，B项“事实上”，C项“另外”，D项“例如”。选B。,blow up 使充气；爆炸,教材P34原句 but in 196

14、3 I helped him blow up some government buildings.但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。,blow away 刮走，吹走 blow down(风)刮倒 blow off 吹掉；将（热水、蒸气等）放出 blow out 吹熄；（电线）烧断 blow over(暴风雨等)吹散，刮倒；（坏天气）大风平息,拓展,They _ the old bridge and then built a new one across the river.A.blew up B.blew down C.blew away D.blew off,即学即用,【解

15、析】选A。句意：他们炸毁了那座旧桥，然后在河上建了座新桥。A项“爆炸”；B项“(风)刮倒”；C项“刮走，吹走”；D项“吹掉；将（热水、蒸气等）放出”。,in trouble 在危险/受罚/忧虑的处境中,教材P35原句 Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.当他处于麻烦中时，伊莱亚斯去见纳尔逊曼德拉。,take trouble to do sth.费心做某事get into trouble 遇到麻烦have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难,拓展,Im in trouble,Ev

16、en an experienced climber can to reach the summit.A.get into trouble B.make trouble C.ask for trouble D.take trouble over,即学即用,【解析】选A。句意：即使是一个很有经验的登山者，想要到达顶峰也有可能遇到困难。句中的can表示“有可能”。get into trouble 陷入困境，因做某事而招致惩罚，危险等；make trouble 引起麻烦；ask for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃；take trouble over sth.在某事上费心思。,die from

17、死于（外因）die of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）die for 为而死,PART TWO Sentence,句子控,1.“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”P34过去三十年里出现了大量法律来剥夺我们的权利,阻挡我们的进步,一直到今天，我们还处于几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。,主语,宾语,

18、宾语补足语,状语从句,定语从句,see 在此句意为“见证，目睹”；(在某段时期)发生(某情况),经历,经受;为某事发生之时，主语为时间。,主语是表示时间的词或短语，see 为.发生的时间；主语是表示地点的词或短语，see 为.发生的地点。,某些动词(see,find,witness等)主语有时不是人而是物,即拟人用法,使句子生动。This old house has seen good days.这座老房子目睹了那些好日子。Dusk found a boy crying in the street.黄昏时一个小男孩在街边哭。Oct 1,1949 saw/witnessed the founda

19、tion of the Peoples Republic of China.1949年10月1日见证了中华人民共和国的成立。,感官动词（短语）可用于“感官动词+宾语+宾补”结构；常用的感官动词有：feel,listen to/hear,look at/see/watch/notice等。,后接不带to的不定式作宾补，强调动作的整个过程 或动作经常发生；后接现在分词作宾补，强调动作正在进行；后接过去分词作宾补，表示跟宾语之间是逻辑上的被动关系。,2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.P34 只有到这个时候，我们才决定

20、用暴力反抗暴力。,Only in this way can you solve the problem,I think.Only recently have I allowed myself to think of that again.Only when we studied the data did we realize the mistakes.,“only+状语”提至句首以示强调时，句子谓语部分倒装，即将助动词，情态动词和be动词置于主语之前。注意：only 放在句首修饰主语时，在强调句中时不倒装。,1.You can learn from your mistakes only in

21、this way.,Only in this way _ from your mistakes.,can you learn,2.He was able to get happily back to work only when the war was over in 1918.,Only when the war was over in 1918,_get happily back to work.,was he able to,3.Only some students got the answer.,（不倒装）,第 二 讲,MAIN CONTENTS,1.核心词汇,2.句子控,3.Gram

22、mar,4.Have a try,reward/rIw:d/n.报酬;报答;赏金;酬金 vt.酬谢，奖赏;报答,in(as a)reward(for)作为(对.的)报酬、报答 give a reward to sb.for sth.为.给某人报酬 reward sb.for(doing)sth.因.报答、奖赏某 reward sb.with sth.用.报答、奖赏某人,教材P36原句 They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all

23、my life for equal rithts for the Blacks.几天之后，大多数已经被破坏了的建筑被修缮了。,1.他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。It is unfair that he gets very little _his hard work.,2.他因为良好的服务而获得奖励。He was _ his good service.,3.你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗?Is this how you _ helping/my help?,4.他因学习成绩优秀而受到学校的奖赏。The school _a prize for excellence in his studies.

24、,即学即用,in reward for,given a reward for,reward me for,rewarded him with,advise,advise sb.on sth.就给某人出主意advise+n./pron.建议advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做advise(ones)doing sth.建议（某人）做advise+(that)sb.(should)do 建议某人应该做某事,advise you on,advise me to do,be free from/of 不受伤害、影响，免于,He is free from any sense of resp

25、onsibility.他丝毫没有责任感。,set off 出发，动身 set up 设立，建立；设置，竖起set out 陈列，摆出；开始（set out to do sth.）,set off,set up,set out,即学即用,escape v.逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露 n.逃脱；逃跑；逃避,escape from.从.中逃脱escape(doing)sth.逃避（做）某事,教材P38原句 It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。,注意：escape作动词时，后面可跟名词、代词、动名词(多用被动形式being+过

26、去分词)作宾语，不跟不定式。,have a narrow escape 恐吓某人做某事,come to power 掌权；当权；上台,power n.能力；力量；权力；电力；powerful adj.有权势的；强壮的powered adj.电动的powerless adj.无权力的；无能为力的,教材P38原句 I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.在曼德拉先生和非洲人国民大会于1994年掌权之前，我有20年都没有工作。,教材P39原句 sentenced

27、to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws.因为鼓励暴力反抗反黑人法被判处五年的苦力劳动。,sentence sb to sth 判处某人be sentenced to（death）被判（死）刑,sentence v.判决；宣判；判刑 n.句子；判决；宣判,face a sentence 面临判刑give/receive a sentence 获刑；被判刑,worry about 担忧 lose heart 灰心丧气 beg for 乞求 fall ill 生病 be willing to

28、 愿意 break the law 犯法 find out 查清楚，弄明白 stopfrom 阻止做 achieve ones dream 实现梦想 be hopeful about 对充满希望 should have done 本应做某事而未做 putin prison 把投进监狱,PART TWO Sentence,句子控,one of+（the+形容词最高级+）名词复数,1.Although I was not as successful as Nelson Mandela,many people remember me as one of the first active black

29、fighters for human rights in South Africa.P36很多孩子的父母在地震中丧生了，这些孩子被送往其他城市的家庭里生活。,remember sb as/for.某人因.而著名 常用于被动结构：sb be remembered as/for.,This/That/It is/was+the first time+that 从句,2.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.P38 第一次给旅行团进行讲解时，我感觉很糟糕。,the first time 从属连词,也可引导时间状语从句for the first t

30、ime 是介词短语充当状语,is-have/has donewas-had done,for the first time 是介词短语充当状语,1.用于推测过去已经发生的情况“应该.”2.表示过去应该做的事却没做“本应该.却.”3.用来谈论与预期不符的事实，表惊讶的情绪“竟然”,3.He tought us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.P38他在午休时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。,should have done,PART THREE Grammar,语 法,定语从句

31、,介词which/whom结构,(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词which/whom”引导；关系副词有时也可以被此结构代替。,Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine _ you asked for.Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine _ _ you asked.,which,The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom _ _ _ _ is broken will soon be repair

32、ed.,(2)关系词whose常用“the名词of which/whom”或“of which/whomthe名词”结构来代替。,(3)“介词which/whom”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代词或数词，表示部分与整体的关系。,1)He loves his parents deeply，both _are very kind to him.2)In the basket there are quite many apples，some_ have gone bad.,of whom,of which,注意：1.含有介词的动词短

33、语一般不拆开使用，如：look for，look after，take care of等。,This is the watch for which I am looking.（）,This is the watch which I am looking for.,2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that。,The man with who you talked is my friend.（）,The man with whom you talked is my friend.,Have a try!,PART THREE,

34、典例精讲,1.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when,解析：先行词是town；从句中缺grew up的地点状语in the town，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,B,2._ has already been pointed out,grammar is not a set of dead rules.A.As B.It C.That D.Which,A,解析：as引导非限制性定语从

35、句，位置可前，可中，可后；as代主句整句话的意思，译作“正如”,3.Rome is a place _.A.where I want to visit B.what I want to visit C.which I want to visit it D.I want to visit,解析：先行词是place；从句中缺visit的宾语，所以应用关系代词which 或that引导定语从句，而关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。,D,4.I dont like _ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the

36、way of which,解析：way表“方式”，后跟定语从句表示某人做某事的方式时，引导词可以是that或in which，还可以省略。,A,5.Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago,_ it was so poorly equipped.A.what;when B.that;which C.what;which D.when;that,解析：“what it was 20 years ago”是is的表语从句，意为“它二十年前的样子”；“when it was

37、so poorly equipped”是定语从句修饰20 years ago。,A,6.I walked in our garden,_ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.A.which B.when C.where D.that,解析：先行词是garden；从句中缺地点状语in the garden，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,C,7.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the sho

38、p.A.that B.which C.when D.where,解析：先行词是chairs；从句中缺park的地点状语in the chairs，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,D,8.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A.where;where B.which;where C.where;that D.that;that,解析：“where the bridge is supposed to be built”是定语从句修饰

39、先行词place；“where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest”是be的表语从句，意为“过河交通最拥挤的地方”。,A,9.Is that the small town you often refer to?Right,just the one _ you know I used to work for years.A.that B.where C.which D.what,解析：先行词是one，代词代town；从句中缺work的地点状语in the town，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,B,10.Is this the factory

40、 _ colour TV sets are produced?A.where B.that C.the one D./,解析：把主句还原成陈述句“This is the factory”，可见主句完整，故后面是定语从句修饰先行词factory，从句中缺are produced的地点状语in the factory，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,A,11.I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies.A.I realized B.I had realizedC.

41、had I realized D.did I realize,【解析】句意：在上学期的期末考试中我失败了，直到那时侯我才意识到学习的重要性。only then位于句首时句子用倒装结构，realize的动作在fail之后发生，故选D。,D,课堂练习,1.那天，曼德拉告诉我该怎么做并且还帮我的忙，这是我一生中最高兴的日子。,The day _ Nelson Mandela told me_ and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life.,2.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都

42、没有的阶段。,The last thirty years _ _ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress until today we have reached a stage _ we have almost no rights at all.,We were put in a position _ _ we had _ to accept we were less important,_ fight the government.,Only then _ _ decide to _ violence with

43、 violence.,3.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。,4.我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。,5.非常遗憾的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。,Sadly I did not have this passbook because I was not born there and I was_whether I would be _.,高考链接,Rosa Parks was born on February 4,1913 in Alabama,America.She spent her childhood i

44、n Alabama.At the age of 11,she went to the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls.Later,she worked _1_ a seamstress(女裁缝)in Montgomery.,as,1.work as 担任；以身份而工作,Rosa Parks has been called the“mother of the civil rights _2_”and one of the most important people of the 20th century.In the early 1950s,the

45、bus system in Montgomery,as in many parts of the United State,was segregated(隔离的).Blacks needed to board(上车)the bus at the front，buy their tickets,and then reboard the bus in the _3_.,movement,back,civil/sIvl/adj.公民的；民间的,2.movement n.运动；活动,segregate/segrIgeIt/vt.使隔离；使分离；在实行种族隔离,Sometimes,they werent

46、 able to get on the bus again before it drove away.They were not _4_ to sit in the front of the bus,which sometimes made it difficult to get off at the right stop.Even _5_ they were sitting in the“black section(区)”,they were still required to give their seats up to _6_ passengers if the“white sectio

47、n”was full.,allowed,if,white,4.被动语态。此处意为“被允许”,get off v.动身；免于受罚；从下来；脱下（衣服等）,5.even if 意为“即使，虽然”,In December of 1955,Rosa Parks refused to give up her _7_ on a city bus to a white passenger.The bus driver had her arrested.She was accused of violating(违反)a local law.,Her act encouraged a city-wide boy

48、cott of the bus system.The boycott introduced the country,seat,refuse/rIfju:z/n.垃圾；废物vt.拒绝；不愿；抵制vi.拒绝,arrest/rest/vt.逮捕n.逮捕；监禁,accuse of 谴责，控告,boycott/bIkt/vt.联合抵制；拒绝参加n.联合抵制,to a clergyman(牧师)named Martin Luther King,Jr.,_8_ led the demonstration with the words:“There comes a time that people get t

49、ired”.Eventually,the U.S.Supreme Court(最高法院)made a decision outlawing segregation on city _9_.In December 1956,Montgomerys public bus system was integrated(使成整体).,who,buses,8.非限制性定语从句。此处从句中缺主语，且先行词为人，故填who。,supreme/su:pri:m/adj.最高的；至高的n.至高；霸权,宣布为不合法,integrate/IntIgreIt/vt.使完整；使成整体vi.成为一体adj.整合的；完全的n

50、.一体化；集成体,Over the next four decades,Rosa Parks helped make her fellow Americans aware(意识到)of the history of the civil rights struggle.She is an example of courage and determination to all Americans.,struggle/strg()l/vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎n.努力，奋斗；竞争,determination/dI,t:mIneI()n n.决心；果断,“At the time I was arreste