主谓一致 PPT讲解学习课件.ppt

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1、主谓一致原则讲解,Please make the best choice!,1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近一致,1.When to leave not been decided.(have)2.Going shopping on Sunday one of his habits.(be)3.To do housework difficult for me.(be)4.What he said and what he did always different.(be),has,is,is,were,2).When and where to build the new factory _ yet

2、.A.is not decided B.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided,当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。,总结：一 语法一致：主语复数，谓语复数；主语单数，谓语单数；如果主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数,1。从句、不定式、动名词等做主语时谓语动词视为整体，用单数。注意：如果主语是两个或者两个以上的名词性从句，谓语用复数。,1.The novelist and poet going to Europe next year.(be)2.The novelist and the poet going

3、to Europe next year.(be),is,are,总结2：两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念做主语时，位于用单数,1.The Arabian Nights very interesting.(be)2.The United States founded in 1776.,is,is,总结3：专用名词如：书名，戏剧名，报刊名，国家（组织名），用单数,1）.Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum.A.are B.is C.has D.have,2.Ten minutes enough(be)3.Twenty years passed since

4、he left.(have),is,has,总结4：表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语做主语时，视为整体用单数,1）.Six times seven _ forty-two.A.are B.is C.have D.was,2）10 plus30 40.3)2 times 3 6.(make),is/equals,makes,总结5：加、减、乘、除等数学运算的谓语动词通常用单数,1.Each girl and(each)boy a new hat.(have)2.Every hour and every minute(be)important.3.They each a good hand wri

5、ting.(have)4 Each of them a good hand writing.(have),has,is,have,has,总结6:and连接的两个主语或多个主语前有each,every，no 等修饰语时，谓语用单数,2.非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：1）.To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health.A.is B.are C.was D.were,由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。,4).When w

6、e will hold the meeting _ not decided yet.A.is B.are C.be D.was,3).Playing football not only _ us grow up tall and strong but also _ us a sense of fair play and team spirit.A.make;give B.makes;gives C.makes;give D.make;gives,2、舍近求远的原则：语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；1）以along with,togethe

7、r with,with,as well as,accompanied by,rather than,but,except 连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。例如：,1.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.know B.knows C.have known D.is known,2.I,rather than you,_ responsible for the accident.A am B are C has D have,3.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.is of

8、fered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered,4.All but one _ here just now.is B.was C.has been D.were,5.Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A.was B.were C.have been D.had been,The house,including the garden and the garage,was sold out.,6.No one except my parents _ anythin

9、g about it.A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.have known,Several passengers,together with the driver,were hurt.,1。由not only but also,neithernor,eitheror,not but以及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。Not only your fathers friends but also your father likes smoking.,3.就近一致原则,1）Not only I but also Jane and Mary _

10、 tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be,2）One or perhaps more pages _missing.is B.are C.has been D.have been,Are you or he to drive?Was she or you there?,3）Peter,perhaps John,_ playing with the little dog.A.seems B.were C.are D.is,4)_ he _ I finished the experiment?Have n

11、either/nor Has neither/norC.Have neither/or D.Have either/or,5)-_ either he or I fit for the job?-Neither he nor you _.A.Am;are B.Is;are C.Are;are D.Is;is,Here is a pen,a few envelopes and some paper for you.,guess,2在倒装句中以及在There be 结构中，如主语是并列的，谓语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。Where is your mother and younge

12、r sister?There is a pen,two pencils and five books on the desk.,1)On the wall _ famous paintings.A.have B.are C.is D.has,2)There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has,1并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often

13、 works with the workers.,意义一致：,1）Both the secretary and the manager_ agreed to attend the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is,2）The secretary and manager _ very busy now.A.is B.are C.has been D.were,2陈述部分用everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,no one或 no+复数名词等作主语时，反意部分用they。而陈述部分用ever

14、ything,something,nothing,anything时，反意部分代词则采用单数，用it。Somebody is waiting for you,aren they?Everything is all right,isnt it?,3 主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及news,works(工厂)等都属形式复数，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn.A new means of teaching is being used in that school

15、.,1)Every means _ been tried since then.A.has B.were C.was D.has been,注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。My mathematics are weak.,2)All means _ been used.A.has B.was C.have D.be,4the+形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数。如：The rich are not always happy.The new is sure to replace the old.,The old _ well looked

16、after by the government in China.A.is B.are C.has been D.was,5.主语是family,team,group,crowd,class,committee等集合名词时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式，如指的是全体人员时，谓语用复数。His family are all music lovers.,类似这样的集体名词有：family,class,audience,committee（委员会）,crowd,crew,group,party,population,team,public,council（理事会）,village等。,The

17、 population of the earth is increasing very fast.,1)He said that his family _ all very well.A.are B.were C.is D.was,2)The population of the city _ increasing fast.A.were B.be C.is D.are,3)The United States _ made up of 50 states,one of which _Kentucky.is/are B.is/is C.are/is D.are/are,4)Zhangs famil

18、y _ rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was,5)Now the police _ searching the town for the lost child.A.was B.were C.is D.are,.6)The police _ the black in winter.wears B.wear C.put on D.puts on,主语 people 作“人们，人民”解时，谓语动词用复数，作“民族”解时，有单复数之分。(police,cattle,public)Our people is a gre

19、at one.There are 56 peoples in China.,6主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。Half of the visitors are from Europe.Half of the fruit is bad.,The rest of his journey was pleasant.The rest of the girls are fond of music.All of your work is wel

20、l done.All of your answers are correct.,1)Most of his spare time _spent in reading.are B.were C.was D.have been,2)Where _ that five pounds I lent you?A.is B.have C.was D.were,3)Two of them will go first,the rest _ to stay.A.is B.are C.used D.has,4)It is not I who _ wrong.A.is B.are C.am D.has been,2

21、“的几分之几”和“的百分之几”作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.40 percent of the students in our class are girls.,70 percent of the surface is covered with water.70 percent of the farmers have improved their living conditions.,1)One third of the population here _ workers.A

22、.is B.have C.be D.are,2)About 20 percent of the work _ done yesterday.A.are B.is C.were D.was,8“one of+复数名词+定语从句”之前有the only,the very,the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。She is the only one of these women who plays the violin.,1)John is the only one of the students in our class who _ to school on foot.go B.

23、goes C.have gone D.are going,2)He was the one of the students who _ praised at the meeting.A.was B.were C.is D.are,注意：,1.one of+复数名词+（单）谓语，如：One of the students is from the south.2.one of+复数名词+定语从句（从句动词用复数），如：He is one of the boys who are ready to help others.,3.the(only)one of+名词（复数）+定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单

24、数，表示众多中只有一个，如：He is the only one of the students who comes early.,1）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，谓语用复数，但前面有each,every,no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如：,语法一致：,Both rice and wheat _ grown in that country.A.is B.are C.was D.has,Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.,No student and no teacher is invited

25、to the party,Each doctor and each nurse was sent for.,1).During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.A.are B.were C.was D.has,2）No teacher and no student _ admitted in here.are B.were C.is D.has,主谓一致的测试热点,2由 many a 或 more than+单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.More

26、 than one student has visited the exhibition.,1)More than one person here _ with the disease.has been infected B.have been infectedC.has been infecting D.have been infecting,2)Many a student _ that mistake before.A.had made B.has been made C.have made D.has made,3主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes,trousers,gla

27、sses,compasses,scissors,shoes,socks,gloves等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语用单数。My trousers are being washed now.There is a pair of shoes in the box.,This pair of shoes _ made in our factory.A.is B.are C.have beenD.had been,4“a number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；“the number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。A number of

28、pupils like reading picture-books.The number of the students in our class is 55.,2)The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team.are B.is C.were D.be,1)A number of students _ from the south.A.are B.is C.have D.has,成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡

29、，aim and end目的，salt and water盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。A knife and fork is on the table.,特殊知识点,2在定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。I,who am your teacher,will teach you everything I know.,It is not I who _ wrong.is B.are C.am D.has been,He,who _ your good friend,will share your joys a

30、nd sorrows.was B.are C.is D.am,3主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词，谓语一般用单数形式。The United States is a developed country.,1）The Arabian Nights _ well known to English lovers.A.is being B.are C.were D.is,2）The United States _ founded in 1776.A.was B.is C.were D.are,4主语是表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式。主语是“one o

31、r two+复数名词”，其谓语用复数形式。One and a half bananas is left on the table.There are one or two things Id like to know about.,1）One and a half apples _ on the table.is leaving B.is left C.are left D.left,2）One or perhaps more pages _ missing.is B.are C.has been D.have been,5主语是“each of”，“neither of”，“either o

32、f”，“one of”等时，其谓语用单数。Each of them has his own duty.,6 用引号的词语作主语时，谓语用单数第三人称。,I _ the ninth letter of the English Alphaber.A.are B.be C.is D.am,7。在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语，则who或that 后面的谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一致。It is Mike who always helps me study maths after class.,8。wish后接宾语从句用虚拟语气，如表示与现在事实相反，无论主语是单数还是复数，be动词用were。,I wish I were ten years younger,9。youth作“青年们”解作主语时，谓语用复数。The youth of China today are doing their best to study modern science and technology.,10。主语是a/this/that kind of+名词，谓语用单数形式，主语指的不是一种而是多种，谓语动词用复数。This kind of cloth feels soft.There are different kinds of animals.,