中小学主谓一致语法ppt课件.ppt

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1、主谓一致要点精讲,1.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 2.A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered3.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.ar

2、e not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 4.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were5.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D

3、.play 6._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are,“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。1.语法一

4、致原则：主语和谓语必须在人称和数上保持一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：Sue _ studying at a very famous university.He _ not like listening to pop songs.,2.意义一致原则：谓语的单复数不是由主语的单复数决定的，而是以主语的意义为准，如：people、police、cattle等形单意复的单词和news、politics等形复意单的单词。如：The police _(protect)the people from being attacked.Bad news _(

5、travel)quickly.3.就近一致原则：句子有多个并列主语，如连用等连接并列主语，谓语的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。如：Not only you but also I _ planning to go camping.Neither you not he _ is wrong.,（一）谓语动词为单数的情况,1.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing.Bread and butter is a dai

6、ly food in the West.2.Every and(every),each and(each,no and(no),many a and(many a)连接两个单数名词作主语以及主语中有many a/an、more than one、one and a half时。Every desk and every chair is made of wood.Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.More than one problem has been solved.Only one and a half apples is left

7、 on the plate.3.one/every one/each/either/the number+of/in/out of+复数名词作主语。Each of the students has a book.,4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.5.以s 结尾的词，及表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。如news、maths、politics、physics、The Un

8、ited States、The New York Times 6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时及数词为中心词构成主语时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.7.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。8.动名词、不定式、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes.Whatever was left was taken away.9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。10.a great deal of,

9、a large amount of+不可数名词作主语,（二）谓语动词为复数的情况,1.由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.2.people,police,cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are looking for the missing child.3.goods,stairs,arms 等名词作主语。4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.5.a number o

10、f/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语。6.one or two 后接复数名词时谓语动词用复数,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。His family is a great one.His family are music lovers.2.means,works,pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。The

11、 steel works is near the station.Two new steel works are being built.3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。4.“half/most/some/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。,5.单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据句意。如deer/fish/sheep/cattle/aircraft/means/works/species6.“the only on

12、e+名词”作定语从句的先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数；one of+名词用复数7.不定代词any/either/neither/all/some等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时视其在文中的意义，动词可用单或复数形式。如Now all has been changed.All are present at the meeting.either、neither单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但后接时，若的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数，若的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式更常用。Does any of them know the secret?,

13、8.名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the oppressed,the wounded,the unemployed等；但少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，则用单数。例如：The rich are to help the poor.The wounded was a young boy.9.从句作主语单个从句作主语通常用复数；多个从句作主语时则用复数,由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，

14、但所指的具体内容具有复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need is more time and more materials.What we need are teachers.10.一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,chopsticks,scissor等。但如果主语用“a kind of/a pair of/a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,11.this kind of book=a book of this kind谓语用单数，thi

15、s kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men,但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind 和these kind of men的谓语用复数，后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数12.由or,either or,neithernor,not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语以及there be句型，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。Not only he but also I am invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the d

16、ress.,13.“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/among/as well as/no more than/besides/in addition to/over/no less than/more than/rather than+名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.14.在算术运算的句式中，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。单数较常见。Five plus four i

17、s/are nine.Two times five is/are ten.,集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?,1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short Ais，is Bare，are C.is，are Dare，is,此题应选C.family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会，委员们)，audience(听众)等：,但是

18、并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing 衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，furniture家俱，machinery 机械，scenery 景色，jewellery珠宝等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。,This class consists of 45 students.Mr Green teaches it 这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。This class are all diligent.Mr Green teaches t

19、hem.这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。,The team is the best in the league这个队在联赛中打得最好。The football team are having baths足球队队员们在洗澡。,谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?,We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being,此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。,注意以下类似例子：These two dictio

20、naries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies,并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？,1.You or he _ to blame你或他有一人要受责备。2._ you or he to blame?受责备的是你还是他？

21、Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is,在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。,1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais

22、Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe,下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？,A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift Ais offered Bhas offe

23、red Care offered Dhave offered,用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,together with,along with,as well as,more than,no less than,rather than等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。,1Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been2A woman with s

24、ome children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come3No one except my parents _ anything about this。Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known4The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading5All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed,