文艺复兴 英文简介课件.ppt
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1、RENAISSANCE,1,ppt课件,The Renaissance refers to the period in European civilization towards the end of the Middle Ages,which was characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values.The Renaissance emerged when social instability,economic sluggishness and intellectual depression becam
2、e so intolerable that most of the people,especially the intellectuals could no longer accept the worsening situation.The Renaissance as a movement first started in Florence and then expanded to Venice,Rome and other Italian cities before it swept the rest parts of Europe.Painting and sculpture were
3、the most sensitive fields to the change with their subjects and tastes,shifting from dullness,stagnation,lack of emotion and divinity to dynamics,enthusiasm and humanitarianism.Literature and ideology soon followed,Get Started_1.2,Get Started,2,ppt课件,Get Started_1.3,Get Started,as other important ar
4、eas proceeded and the movement further separated itself from feudalistic tyranny,ecclesiastic bondage and sought intellectual freedom and ideological emancipation.The Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation,intellectual freedom and political awareness,based on cultural produ
5、ction and religious reformation.All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely,extending its influences to every corner of Europe,with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas,namely,painting,sculpture,poetry,fiction,drama and religious re
6、formation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate.,3,ppt课件,Text Study _II_1.2,Text Study,Main Ideas,Main Ideas,Feature:The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation,intellectual freedom and political awareness,based on cultural production and religious r
7、eformation.All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely,extending its influences to every corner of Europe,with more and more people getting involved.The most striking feature of the Renaissance was doubtlessly the flourish of humanism.,4,ppt课件,Get Started_1.4,Get Started,The Renaissan
8、ce was an important stage in the historical process of the Western civilization and indicated a transitional period from the Middle Ages to the modern era in the development of Western culture.Economic and intellectual changes during the Renaissance both helped to speed up Western social and cultura
9、l development and prepared the necessary conditions for the rapid progress in political,social and ideological areas of the Modern Age.,5,ppt课件,Summary of Renaissance,After the middle ages began a period of“rebirth”in Europe,a period which began in the city-states of Italy.The new spirit of the era
10、was that of humanism,which was much different from the highly religious period that came before it.,6,ppt课件,Humanism,Humanism is an approach in study,philosophy,worldview or practice that focuses on human values and concerns.It was a cultural movement in Italy based on and inspired by the study of c
11、lassical works.,7,ppt课件,How would you compare the Middle Ages to Renaissance Italy?,8,ppt课件,Middle Ages vs.Renaissance,400-1400,ReligiousRural cultureArts are God-centeredPoorIntellectual stagnation,1400-1600,“Humanist”Urban cultureArts more human-centeredWealthyNew ideas are discussed,9,ppt课件,What
12、are the main causes of the Renaissance in Italy?,10,ppt课件,What are the main causes of the Renaissance in Italy?,The invention of the printing press 1440The siege of Constantinople 1453Italian urban cultureItalian trade and contact with other cultures,11,ppt课件,Printing Press-1440,A printing press is
13、a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium(such as paper or cloth),thereby transferring the ink.Typically used for texts,the invention of the printing press is widely regarded as the most influential event in the second millennium AD,revolutionizing the way people
14、 conceive and describe the world they live in,and ushering in the period of modernity.,12,ppt课件,Printing Press-1440,The man who invented the printing press was Johannes Gutenberg,from Germany.This image shows what is known as the Gutenberg edition of the Bible,the first wide-spread edition of the Bi
15、ble.Before,monks in monastaries would have to write the Bible by hand,so they were more difficult to come by for the average person.,13,ppt课件,Movable type,14,ppt课件,Printing Press,This is a pair of workers at a press.Using the new invention,they could print about 3,600 pages per day.,15,ppt课件,Why did
16、 the printing press help lead to the Renaissance?,16,ppt课件,Siege of Constantinople 1453君士坦丁堡的陷落,Constantinople(modern-day Istanbul in Turkey)was the capital of the Byzantine Empire,the last vestige of the Eastern Roman Empire.,17,ppt课件,Siege of Constantinople-1453,The Ottoman Empire(also known as th
17、e“Turks”)laid siege to the city for over a month,and it finally fell under their control.Here you can see the cannon,a relatively new weapon.,18,ppt课件,How did the fall of Constantinople lead to the Renaissance?,19,ppt课件,Italian Urban Culture,Italy at this time was divided into many smaller kingdoms.
18、Like the rest of Europe,there was no real centralized monarchy.But in Italy,these smaller states usually had a large urban area(unlink Medieval kingdoms,which tended to be much more agrarian and rural).These were called city-states,and also tended to be wealthier than the places in northern Europe.T
19、his was due in part to its focus on trade with other nations.,20,ppt课件,Map of Italian City-States(1494),21,ppt课件,Italian contact with other cultures,Because of its convenient location in the Mediterranean,Italian city-states had an advantage over Northern Europe(the Hanseatic League)in that they wer
20、e in the ideal location to trade with the rest of the world.The Mediterranean sea(地中海)is an ideal place to trade with other nations of vastly different culture.,22,ppt课件,Italian contact with other cultures,In the 1200s and 1300s,Italian city-states did a lot of trade,shipping things from the famous“
21、Silk Road”,with products that came from China and India.This of course brought Italy into contact with other cultures and helped the city-states accumulate wealth(think of Marco Polo of the Venetian Republic).For the upper-classes,the wealth enabled a new“bourgeois culture”characterized by leisure a
22、nd self-cultivation,and the contact with other cultures brought an“openness”in Italy not seen in other European places at the time.,23,ppt课件,Patronage of the Arts 提倡艺术,The most famous patron of the arts was Lorenzo de Medici,a leader of Florence and a member of the wealthy Medici family.Due to the s
23、pending of people like the Medicis,art of the Renaissance was able to flourish as sculptors,architects,and artists were able to focus their attention on their work instead of trying to find a way to make money.,24,ppt课件,Florence,Florence(of Tuscany)is known as the“City of Flowers.”This city is usual
24、ly considered the birthplace and center of the Italian Renaissance,and is known for its wealthy Medici family who ruled the city through the period.,25,ppt课件,Medici Chapels,26,ppt课件,27,ppt课件,28,ppt课件,Milan,Center of“Lombardy”,29,ppt课件,Venice,30,ppt课件,Genoa,31,ppt课件,Literature of the Renaissance,Giov
25、anni Boccaccio The DecameronNicolo Machiavelli The PrinceFrancesco Petrarch Various Love Poetry,32,ppt课件,Famous Men of the Renaissance,Leonardo da Vinci MichelangeloDonatelloRaphael,33,ppt课件,Leonardo MichelangeloDonatello Raphael,34,ppt课件,Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519),Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian
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