中考完形填空解题技巧课件.ppt

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1、中考完形填空解题技巧,中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。,三个注重1.重语境完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推知答案。因此，需要注意上下句的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时更需要上下文提供的线索，把自己置身于情景当中进行填空，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。2.重实词完形填空的命题是在一句话中的关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等

2、实词，当然也不排除能左右文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。3.重首句首句通常不设选项。这是因为第一句是核心句，是观察全文的窗口，对熟悉语境、确定时态、推测文章大意等起着关键性的作用。如果设选项，就会加大难度，影响对文章信息的捕捉，使做题者陷入茫然。,一、要善于根据四个选项的设置特点来进行选择,要想做好完形填空题必须始终注意对文章的理解和注意上下文的呼应，这是完形填空题的做题原则。绝大多数完形填空题，只看单个的句子，有时所提供的四个选项从语法角度来看都讲得通，但是在具体的语篇中只能有一个正确答案。因此，看一空做一空的做法是不可取的，必须从语篇的角度来考虑所选答案。做题时一定要联系上下文，从字里

3、行间寻找隐藏信息，同时要善于根据四个选项的设置特点来进行选择：,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,从语言层次看考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次,句子层次的设空,指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,2.句群层次的设空,前制性设空,后制性设空,指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目,即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。,指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案 的题目/下文某处有提示。,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,前制性设空例：It was an English speech cont

4、est.My mother asked me to take part in it.What a terrible idea!It meant I had to _ in front of all the teachers and students of my school!A.write B.speak C.sing D.dance,后制性设空例：1).Nobody _ him in the village.One day he said to them,“I know you dont like me”A.believed B.liked C.hated D.knew 2).Country

5、 music comes from _ kinds of music.One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States.The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.A.many B.all C.two D.three,B,B,C,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,3.语篇性设空,指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。,根据上下文及语境推断,In New York,on a Friday ni

6、ght,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his 16.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played the violin as usual.,16.A.piano B.guitar C.violin D.sax,Once a king was walking around a pool w

7、ith his ministers（大臣）.Suddenly,he came up with an idea.He asked,“How many baskets of 41 are there in the pool?”.as big as the pool,there is one basket of water,41.A.fish B.flowers C.water D.apples,one basket of water,baskets of,逻辑推理,When we talked,I discovered（发现）some differences in school life betw

8、een the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little 44 than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.,44.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.later,fifty,forty-five,My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?”I thought s

9、ound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 17，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf,17.A.ears B.eyes C.body D.head,sound,deaf,固定搭配,When two people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention

10、48 what he or she is speaking,48.A.for B.of C.with D.to,pay attention,In the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his surprise,the pond was only filled with water!What happened?Yes!Everyone had the same idea 48 that man.,48.A.with B.to C.as D.of,the same,As a reporter,I think I will meet lots

11、of people and I should be friendly to them.I think Ill also make many good 25 and live with them,because I dont like living alone.,25.A.friend B.friends C.friends D.friends,many,语法分析,All over the world people swim for fun.Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages,from the very young to the very old.T

12、here are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.,32.A.all B.none C.some D.both,背景知识,1、context（上下文、语境）,3、regular collocation（固定搭配）,2、logic（逻辑）,Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧),4、grammar analysis（语法分析）,5、background knowledge（背景知识）,中考阅读理解解题技巧,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,推 理 判 断 型,一、主旨大意题（做题要领

13、）,1.干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。,2.干扰项 可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,3.干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,主旨大意题 常见的命题形式：,(1)Whats the main idea of the passage?(2)This passage is mainly about.(3)The authors purpose in writing this text is.(4)Which of the following is the best title

14、 for the passage?(5)Whats the topic of the text?,寻找主题句、关键词往往是做好此类题的关键。文章的首尾巴段和每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why 等。,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,细节理解和细节判断,细节题常见的命题形式：Which of the follow

15、ingis True/Not True?In the passage,which of the following is mentioned?All of the following statements are true except Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.用Where,how,who,why,how long等引导的特殊疑问句要求判断细节。,词义猜测型,解题技巧：1、通过因果关系猜测词义；2、通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词；3、通过构词法猜测词义；4、通过定义或释义说明来推测词义；5、通过描述猜

16、测词义；6、用知识和生活经验猜测词义；7、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。,猜测词义题,常见命题形式如下：1）、The word“”in the passage probably means_.2）、What does the word“”mean_.3）、The underlined(划线的)word means_4）、The close meaning of the underlined word“”is _in English.5）、The word“”refers to _,推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对

17、文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断题,解题技巧：与原文相同的细节不能选与原文有误的当然要排除文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断,推理判断题,1、推理深层含义的常见命题形式如下：We can infer from the passage that _ The writer suggest that _F

18、rom the passage,we can learn that _We may conclude from the passage that _From the passage,it can be inferred that _,推理判断题,2、推理作者意图、观点、态度的常见命题方式如下：The writers purpose in writing this story is In the writers opinion,a good school should What should be the right attitude towards“”?（The writers attitud

19、e toward“”is）,研究近几年中考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力，因此有关阅读理解题目越来越多:主旨大意型推理判断型,中考听力部分解题技巧,1.学会预测预测是在做听力理解之前根据各种暗示,如所给答案选项,段落或对话标题等已有知识，对即将听到的段落或对话内容进行预测。,2.做简要笔记听录音时快速，准确，简要地记下有关信息(包括数字，人名，地名，关键词)，前提是不要影响跟听速度，采用自己习惯的符号。例：How much will the man pay for the tickets？A.$18 B.$24 C.$30原文：W：Ti

20、ckets for the movie are$6 for adults,half price for children.M:All right,Id like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children,please.笔记可简化为：$6 A(代表adult)，C，3A+2C或6 A(3)+half Chil(2),3.听清数据，简要记下，加以运算。在获取时间信息时，不要误把会话中提到的时间简单确定为问题的答案。高考听力考查时间时往往要进行简单的时间换算。At what time does the train to Leeds l

21、eave?A.3:00 B.3:15 C.5:00录音原文：W：Excuse me，could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is？M：Sure.Well，its 3 now.The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours,but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes,and then get off at Manchester on the way.,对话中提到了三个时间Its 3 now,in 2 hou

22、rs,in 15 minutes.现在是3点，开往Manchester的火车要两小时后才开，即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若简单机械地把3点和2点相加，会得出火车5点才开的错误选项C。,数字类问题分辨别类和计算类两种：(1)要注意区分-teen和-ty及four和five，under,on 的发音；辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌等(2)计算时间，年，月，日，钱款，距离，年龄,人或物的数量等；听出数字间的关系，更要听清问题，因为对运算方法的要求通常寓于问题中；注意more，less，as much(many)as，another（more)，

23、to，past，quarter；,如出现几个数字，应注意鉴别问的是那一个。例：At what time does the office open?A.At 8:15 B.At 8:30 C.At 7:45从常识判断，办公时间往往以整点开始，而不会在几点几分。听力原文：M：I wonder why the office is still not open.W:But its not yet eight.In fact,its only a quarter to eight.,对于简短对话，要根据问题的类型，从第二个讲话者的答语中来捕捉关键词如：Whats the man going to do?

24、A.Run to the airport.B.Wait for another bus.C.Hurry to get the next bus.根据选项看，对话似乎与bus有关，主要信息捕捉范围是在“Hurry”或“Run”和“Wait”之间。听音范围明显缩小。录音原文 M：Excuse me，can you tell me when the next bus leave for the airport？W：It leaves in three minutes.If you run,you might catch it.关键词“run”和“catch”正好对上答案C的“Hurry”和“get”

25、。,短文理解题：听短文要注意听大意，要善于捕捉整体信息，切莫一个词一个词地听，也不要听一句就翻译一句，更不必因一个词或一个短语没听懂就停步不前，一定要带着短文后的要求和指令去听。听的短文通常是结构紧凑的故事，选用大多是围绕who,when,where,what,how 或why所设的问题。因此，在听的时候应紧紧围绕选项内容作些速记，记下关键词语，理清线索，抓好前后联系，最后才准确作出答案。,4.果断选题，学会放弃相信第一感觉，当机立断，决不能反反复复，甚至影响后面的答题切记不可因某个小题未听懂而患得患失，不可因一题失多题，造成一步跟不上，步步踏空的结果。,注意做题方法。在做听力题时，一定要做到

26、听前先把听力试卷全部看一遍，尤其是听对话和听短文这两种类型，以大概掌握主题内容，缩小听力范围；听第一遍时，不要急于做答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄明白文章在讲什么；听第二遍的过程中，可以适当地做一些记录，如：时间、地点、数字、人物、天气等等，同时把可能正确的答案做上记号，检验核对。,总之，听力部分的解题技巧可以总结如下：1、考生心理素质尤为重要，要有自信心，沉着冷静，静心收听，注意力要集中。2、在做题前一定要快速浏览一遍题目和选项，以便听时有所侧重；3、将没听清楚的词或句子放过去，不要影响了下一道题；4、在测试过程中要有积极、主动、有意识、有选择的去听；,尤其需要注意的是，在有的时候，同学们还要从整个对话中了解讲话人的“弦外之音”，特别要注意听清转折和让步，把握说话人的真实含义。,