初中英语阅读理解讲解ppt课件.pptx

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1、初中阅读理解做题技巧,阅读材料,题材：故事，寓言，人物，科普，政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文，新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、书信，图画，表格等,学生素质,阅读速度理解程度思维能力综合文化素质,具体考查的内容,理解具体信息推测生词词义理解概念性含义判断、推理和引申理解主旨要义理解结构，句段关系理解作者意图,解题步骤,一、快速阅读，读懂大意二、明确要求，逐一解答三、重读问题，理解问题四、带着问题，重读文章五、复读全文，最后把关,题型大聚会,1.推理题2.词汇题3.主旨题4.态度观点题5.代指题,解题技巧碰碰碰,（一）推理题及解题技巧,推理题：数字推

2、理 知识推断 逻辑推理 细节推断 考查理清上下逻辑关系的能力（最难）。,考查学生,判断、推理和引申 理解作者的意图、观点或态度常用逻辑词:“infer,conclude,imply,suggest”等。,技巧,1.吃：吃透意思2.捕：捕捉线索3.挖：挖掘加工4.握：把握关系5.摸：揣摸作者,1.知识推断题,知识推断：根据细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。,实例Tokyo：Three snakes,whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes,are guarding a blue star sapphire

3、（蓝宝石）worth nearly six hundred dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum.“Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects,but its different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,”a police said.The jewels was being

4、 shown in _.A.an Indian hotel B.an Indian museum C.a Japanese hotel D.a Japanese museum,C,2.逻辑结论推断题,逻辑结论：指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文章的内涵。,实例,My father has little time for films.But one day as he finished his work,he found a film ticket under the glass on the desk

5、.He went to the cinema quickly.When he was seated,a woman came to my father and said the seat was hers.They both took out their tickets and found the seat shown on them was Row 8,Seat 16.After looking at the ticket more carefully,my father said,“Sorry,its not todays ticket.”From this passage we can

6、know that the writers father was _.,careless,3.细节推断,为了阐明主题，作者将陈述一些事实来支持主题，如what,who,where,when,等，即“supporting details”。,实例,When the bell was ringing.The boys came into the room.Each one had a bat or a ball.All had red faces.They were glad to get into their seats.The teacher said it was time to get b

7、ack to work.Which of the following sentence is probably true?A.The class was over.B.The boys had just come back from playing.C.The teacher told the boys to work.,B,常见的推理判断题题干,According to the passage，what/which is“”?Which of the following statement is(not)true/correct/mentioned/listed/included?All o

8、f the following statements are true/correct/mentioned except?,（二）词汇题及解题技巧,测试学生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。标志是 The underlined word“”in line refers to,技巧,返回原文，找到该句子结合上下文，理解该词意思重点抓字面含义，不要进行归纳，演绎，推理选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同，只是用其他词汇表达超纲 词汇不是正确答案正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后,1.通过因果关系猜词,借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of

9、course，therefore等等),You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.,猜词题实例,2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词,1)同义词and 或 or 连接的词组e.g.happy and gay 解释过程中使用的同义词e.g.Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars,and Jupiter.,2)反义词,表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等,与not搭配的或表示否定意义 的词语,He is so homely，not

10、as handsome as his brother.,3.通过构词法猜词,1).前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。,2).后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。,3).后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，science、scientist，art、artist等。,4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义,

11、But sometimes,no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.,5.通过句法功能来推测词义,Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.,6.通过描述猜词,The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although i

12、t cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.,（三）主旨题及解题技巧,主旨要义整体理解概括能力标志词有：“mainly about；mainly discuss；best title”等。,技巧,注意首段和各段第一句话,将其含义连接成一个整体小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案,常见提问：,1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.What is the authors main point?3.What is the subject of this passage?4.T

13、he main purpose of the passage?5.The title of this passage would be _.,实例,All students of geography should be able to explain a weather map exactly.Weather condition is a huge amount of information about condition at a time of observation over a large geographical area.They show in a few minutes wha

14、t otherwise would take hours to describe.The United States Weather Office gives out information about coming storms,floods,freeze,dryness,and all climatic conditions in general.Twice a month it gives out a 30-day“out-look”which is a basic guide to weather conditions likely to happen all over the Uni

15、ted States.,Question：What is the main idea of this passage?A.Weather maps are very important to students of geography.B.Weather maps can have a 30-day“outlook”.C.Students of geography should be able to make weather maps exactly.D.Those who major in geography should have the ability to have a good un

16、derstanding of a weather map.,关键-主题句,主题句：凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子。三个特点：（1）总领性强，概括性强（2）结构简单，不用难句（3）其他句子解释、支撑或扩展主题句，起服从、论证、补充的作用,实例,Joshna Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He changed to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard

17、Law School and later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a business lawyer in Miami,Florida.从以上这个段落，我们发现没有一个句子可以单独陈述该段落的主题，那么，作者写这个段落的目的是什么呢？通过仔细阅读和理解每个句子的意思之后，我们便可领悟，作者想告诉读者的是：Joshna Bingham received an excellent education.所以说这种文章（或段落）只能从文章的字里行间去理解作者的意图，这样

18、才能推断出文章的主旨大意。,（四）态度观点题及解题技巧,理解作者的意图,观点或态度的能力。标志词:attitude,purpose等。,技巧,态度词:Opposition反对，suspicion怀疑的，Approval支持，Optimistic乐观的，subjective主观的，objective客观的，pessimistic悲观的，biased有偏见的，impartial公正的，sensitive 敏感的，indifference冷漠(一般不选)。不要搀杂自己的观点寻找文中具有感情色彩的词抓论述的主线及举例的方式,（五）指代题及解题技巧,整体理解文章的能力，并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。,技巧,返回原文，找出题的指代词找最近的名词,名词性词组或句子将找到的替换该指代词,看意思是否通顺找出最佳答案,Thanks for Listening!,