第六章IP地址与TCPIP协议课件.ppt

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1、,第六章 IP地址和TCP/IP协议,1,第六章 IP地址和TCP/IP协议1,问题的提出：1、用户的网络属性中各项如何配置（有路由、无路由）2、各项配置的意义（IP地址、网关、DNS）,2,问题的提出：2,一、什么是协议协议是规则，是网络的语言二、协议的功能协议的功能：分割、寻址、封装、排序、信息流控制、同步、干路传输、连接控制传输控制协议TCP：负责流量控制，并保证传输的正确性网际协议IP：将数据从一处传到另一处,第一节协议的基本概念,3,一、什么是协议第一节协议的基本概念3,介绍tcp/ip,Host,Internet,TCP/IP,Host,介绍tcp/ipHostInternetTC

2、P/IPHost,tcp/ip的分层,应用层,传输层,网络层,网络接口层,协议只有四层，使用Sniffer抓个数据包来说明协议的封装，比如访问可以查看DNS的解析等细节,5,tcp/ip的分层应用层传输层网络层网络接口层协议只有四层，,TCP 端口号,SourcePort,Dest.Port,Host A,1028,23,SP,DP,Host Z,Telnet Z,目的=23.Telnet 应用程序.,TCP 端口号SourceDest.Host A10282,Send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN),SYN received,Host A,Host B,TCP 三次握手确立连接,S

3、end SYN SYN receivedHost AHos,Send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN),SYN received,Send SYN,ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),Host A,Host B,SYN received,TCP 三次握手确立连接,Send SYN SYN receivedSend SYN,Send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN),SYN received,Send SYN,ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),Established(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack),H

4、ost A,Host B,SYN received,TCP 三次握手确立连接,Send SYN SYN receivedSend SYN,TCP 简单知识,Window size=1,Sender,Receiver,TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender,TCP 简单知识,Window size=1,Sender,Receiver,Send 1,Receive 1,TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender,TCP 简单知识,Window size=1,Sender,Receiver,Send 1,Receive 1,Receive ACK 2,Send ACK

5、 2,TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender,TCP 简单知识,Window size=1,Sender,Receiver,Send 1,Receive 1,Receive ACK 2,Send ACK 2,Send 2,Receive 2,TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender,TCP 简单知识,Window size=1,Sender,Receiver,Send 1,Receive 1,Receive ACK 2,Send ACK 2,Send 2,Receive 2,Receive ACK 3,Send ACK 3,TCP 简单知识Window siz

6、e=1 Sender,TCP 简单知识,Window size=1,Sender,Receiver,Send 1,Receive 1,Receive ACK 2,Send ACK 2,Send 2,Receive 2,Receive ACK 3,Send ACK 3,Send 3,Receive 3,TCP 简单知识Window size=1 Sender,Window size=1,Sender,Receiver,Send 1,Receive 1,Receive ACK 2,Send ACK 2,Send 2,Receive 2,Receive ACK 3,Send ACK 3,Send 3

7、,Receive 3,Receive ACK 4,Send ACK 4,TCP 简单知识,Window size=1 Sender Receiv,TCP 序列和确认,SourcePort,Dest.Port,Sequence#,Acknowledgement#,Source,Dest.,Seq.,Ack.,1028,23,10,1,I justsent#10.,TCP 序列和确认SourceDest.SequenceA,TCP 序列和确认,I just got#10,now I need#11.,SourcePort,Dest.Port,Sequence#,Acknowledgement#,1

8、028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,I justsent#10.,TCP 序列和确认I just got#10,Source,TCP 序列和确认,SourcePort,Dest.Port,Sequence#,Acknowledgement#,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,I just got#10,now

9、I need#11.,I justsent#11.,TCP 序列和确认SourceDest.SequenceA,TCP 序列和确认,SourcePort,Dest.Port,Sequence#,Acknowledgement#,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,12,Seq.,2,Ack.,I just got#11,now I need#12.,I justsent#11

10、.,TCP 序列和确认SourceDest.SequenceA,TCP 窗口,Sender,Receiver,TCP 窗口SenderReceiver,TCP 窗口,Window size=3Send 2,Sender,Receiver,Window size=3Send 1,Window size=3Send 3,TCP 窗口Window size=3SenderRec,Window size=3Send 2,TCP 窗口,Sender,Window size=3Send 1,Window size=3Send 3,ACK 3Window size=2,Packet 3 isDropped,

11、Receiver,Window size=3TCP 窗口SenderWin,Window size=3Send 2,TCP 窗口,Sender,Window size=3Send 1,Window size=3Send 3,ACK 3Window size=2,Packet 3 isDropped,Window size=3Send 4,Window size=3Send 3,Receiver,Window size=3TCP 窗口SenderWin,Window size=3Send 2,TCP 窗口,Sender,Window size=3Send 1,Window size=3Send

12、3,ACK 3Window size=2,Packet 3 isDropped,Window size=3Send 4,Window size=3Send 3,ACK 5Window size=2,Receiver,Window size=3TCP 窗口SenderWin,地址解析协议,172.16.3.1,172.16.3.2,IP:172.16.3.2=?,我需要176.16.3.2的MAC地址,地址解析协议172.16.3.1172.16.3.2IP:,地址解析协议,172.16.3.1,172.16.3.2,IP:172.16.3.2=?,地址解析协议172.16.3.1172.16.

13、3.2IP:,地址解析协议,172.16.3.1,IP:172.16.3.2 Ethernet:0800.0020.1111,172.16.3.2,IP:172.16.3.2=?,地址解析协议172.16.3.1IP:172.16.3.2,地址解析协议,Map IP MAC,172.16.3.1,IP:172.16.3.2 MAC:0800.0020.1111,172.16.3.2,IP:172.16.3.2=?,ARP地址解析协议，根据IP地址解析出MAC地址,地址解析协议Map IP MAC1,反向 ARP,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?,What is my I

14、P address?,反向 ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111,反向 ARP,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?,What is my IP address?,I heard that broadcast.Your IP address is 172.16.3.25.,反向 ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111,反向 ARP,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?,What is my IP address?,I heard that broad

15、cast.Your IP address is 172.16.3.25.,反向 ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111,反向 ARP,Map Ethernet IP,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?,What is my IP address?,I heard that broadcast.Your IP address is 172.16.3.25.,反向 ARPMap Ethernet IP,介绍 TCP/IP 地址,172.18.0.2,172.18.0.1,172.17.0

16、.2,172.17.0.1,172.16.0.2,172.16.0.1,SA,DA,HDR,DATA,10.13.0.0,192.168.1.0,10.13.0.1,192.168.1.1,介绍 TCP/IP 地址172.18.0.2172.18.0,IP 地址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,32 bits,IP 地址 255255 255 255DottedDec,IP 地址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111

17、,11111111,11111111,11111111,Binary,32 bits,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,IP 地址 255255 255 255DottedDec,IP 地址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,10101100,00010000,01111010,11001100,Binary,32 bits,172,16

18、,122,204,ExampleDecimal,ExampleBinary,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,IP 地址 255255 255 255DottedDec,Class A:Class B:Class C:Class D:多播 Class E:研究,IP 地址类,8 bits,8 bits,8 bits,8 bits,Class A:IP 地址类NetworkHostHos,IP 地址分类,1,Class A:,Bits:,0NNNNNNN,Host,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,

19、24,25,32,Range(1-126),1,Class B:,Bits:,10NNNNNN,Network,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range(128-191),1,Class C:,Bits:,110NNNNN,Network,Network,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range(192-223),1,Class D:,Bits:,1110MMMM,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range(224-239),IP 地址分类1Cla

20、ss A:Bits:0NNNNNNNH,主机地址,172.16.2.1,172.16.3.10,172.16.12.12,10.1.1.1,10.250.8.11,10.180.30.118,E1,172.16,12,12,网络号,主机号,.,.,网络号,接口,172.16.0.010.0.0.0,E0E1,路由表,172.16.2.1,10.6.24.2,E0,主机地址172.16.2.1172.16.3.10172.1,11111111,决定可利用的主机地址,172 16 0 0,10101100,00010000,00000000,00000000,16151413121110 9,87

21、654321,Network,Host,00000000,00000001,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110,.,.,00000000,00000011,11111101,1,2,3,65534,65535,65536,-,.,2,65534,N,2N-2=216-2=65534,41,11111111决定可利用的主机地址 172,IP 地址练习,Address,Class,Network,Host,10.2.1.1,128.63.2.100,201.222.5.64,192.6.141.2,130.113.64.16,256.241.201.10,IP

22、地址练习AddressClassNetworkHost,IP 地址练习答案,Address,Class,Network,Host,10.2.1.1,128.63.2.100,201.222.5.64,192.6.141.2,130.113.64.16,256.241.201.10,A,B,C,C,B,Nonexistent,10.0.0.0,128.63.0.0,201.222.5.0,192.6.141.0,130.113.0.0,0.2.1.1,0.0.2.100,0.0.0.64,0.0.0.2,0.0.64.16,IP 地址练习答案AddressClassNetworkHo,网络号 1

23、72.16.0.0,172.16.0.0,没有子网的地址,172.16.0.1,172.16.0.2,172.16.0.3,.,172.16.255.253,172.16.255.254,网络号 172.16.0.0172.16.0.0没有子网的地,网络号 172.16.0.0,有子网的地址,172.16.1.0,172.16.2.0,172.16.3.0,172.16.4.0,网络号 172.16.0.0有子网的地址172.16.1.0,子网地址,172.16.2.200,172.16.2.2,172.16.2.160,172.16.2.1,172.16.3.5,172.16.3.100,1

24、72.16.3.150,172.16.3.1,E0,E1,172.16,2,160,网络号,主机,.,.,Network,Interface,172.16.2.0172.16.3.0,E0E1,New Routing Table,子网号,子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.,子网掩码,255,255,0,0,IP地址,默认掩码,8位子网掩码,Network,Host,Network,Host,Network,Subnet,Host,也可写成“/16”代表在子网中有16个1,也可写成“/24”代表在子网中有24个1,11111111,11111111,00000000,0

25、0000000,子网掩码1721600255255002552552550I,十进制对应的二进制,10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=25411111111=255,128 6432168421,十进制对应的二进制10000000=128,16,Network,Host,172,0,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,00000000,00000000,10100000,00000000,000

26、00000,默认情况下是没有使用子网,00000010,没有子网的网络,172.16.2.160,255.255.0.0,网络号,16NetworkHost17200101011001111,网络号扩展了8位,有子网的网络,16,Network,Host,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.0,172,2,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,00000000,00000000,00000010,Subnet,网络号,128192224240248252

27、254255,网络号扩展了8位有子网的网络16NetworkHost172,有子网的网络,网络,主机,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,子网,网络号扩展到10位,16,172,2,128,网络号,128192224240248252254255,128192224240248252254255,有子网的网络网络主机172.16.2.160 255.25,子网

28、练习,地址,子网掩码,类,子网号,172.16.2.10,10.6.24.20,10.30.36.12,255.255.255.0,255.255.240.0,255.255.255.0,子网练习地址子网掩码类子网号172.16.2.1010.6.,子网练习答案,地址,子网掩码,类,子网号,172.16.2.10,10.6.24.20,10.30.36.12,255.255.255.0,255.255.240.0,255.255.255.0,B,A,A,172.16.2.0,10.6.16.0,10.30.36.0,子网练习答案地址子网掩码类子网号172.16.2.1010.,地址摘要例子,1

29、6,172,2,160,10101100,00010000,10100000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,4,1,地址摘要例子161722160101011000001000,地址摘要例子,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,1,2,

30、16,172,2,160,地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000,地址摘要例子,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,1,2,3,7,16,172,2,160,地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000,地址摘要例子,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,101000

31、00,11000000,10000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,1,2,3,4,16,172,2,160,地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000,地址摘要例子,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,172.16.2.160,255

32、.255.255.192,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000,地址摘要例子,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,10000001,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000,地址

33、摘要例子,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,10000001,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,16,172,2,160,地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000,地址摘要例子,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,1

34、1111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111111,10101100,00010000,00000010,10000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,16,172,2,160,地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100,地址摘要例子,10101

35、100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111111,10101100,00010000,00000010,10000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,172.16.2.128,172.16.2.

36、191,172.16.2.129,172.16.2.190,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,16,172,2,160,地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100,IP Host Address:172.16.2.121Subnet Mask:255.255.255.0,网络地址=172.16.2.0主机地址=172.16.2.1172.16.2.254（除去网络地址和广播）广播地址=172.16.2.2558位子网相当于C类,Network,Subnet,Host,10101100,00010000,00000010,11111111,172.16.2.121:,255.

37、255.255.0:,10101100,11111111,Subnet:,10101100,00010000,00010000,11111111,00000010,00000010,11111111,01111001,00000000,00000000,B类有子网的例子,Broadcast:,Network,IP Host Address:172.16.2.121网,Subnet Planning,Other subnets,192.168.5.16,192.168.5.32,192.168.5.48,20 subnets5 hosts per subnetClass C address:19

38、2.168.5.0,Subnet PlanningOther 192.168.5,11111000,主机地址:192.168.5.121子网掩码:255.255.255.248,Network,Subnet,Host,192.168.5.121:,11000000,11111111,Subnet:,11000000,10101000,10101000,11111111,00000101,00000101,11111111,01111001,01111000,255.255.255.248:,C类有子网的例子,Subnet Address=192.168.5.120Host Addresses=

39、192.168.5.121192.168.5.126Broadcast Address=192.168.5.127Five Bits of Subnetting,Broadcast:,Network,Network,11000000,10101000,00000101,01111111,11111000主机地址:192.168.5.121Netw,广播地址练习,Address,Class,Subnet,Broadcast,201.222.10.60,255.255.255.248,Subnet Mask,15.16.193.6,255.255.248.0,128.16.32.13,255.25

40、5.255.252,153.50.6.27,255.255.255.128,广播地址练习AddressClassSubnetBroadc,广播地址练习答案,153.50.6.127,Address,Class,Subnet,Broadcast,201.222.10.60,255.255.255.248,C,201.222.10.63,201.222.10.56,Subnet Mask,15.16.193.6,255.255.248.0,A,15.16.199.255,15.16.192.0,128.16.32.13,255.255.255.252,B,128.16.32.15,128.16.3

41、2.12,153.50.6.27,255.255.255.128,B,153.50.6.0,广播地址练习答案153.50.6.127AddressCla,IP地址有一些重要的特点,IP地址有一些是一种非等级的地址结构。这就是说，和电话号码的结构不一样，IP地址不能反映任何有关主机位置的地理信息,68,IP地址有一些重要的特点IP地址有一些是一种非等级的地址结构,IP地址有一些重要的特点,当一个主机同时连接到两个网络上时（作路由器用的主机即为这种情况），该主机就必须同时具有两个相应的IP地址，其网络号码net-id是不同的，这种主机成为多地址主机（multihomed host）按照Intern

42、et的观点，用转发器或网桥连接起来的若干个局域网仍为一个网络，因此这些局域网都具有同样的网络号码net-id.,69,IP地址有一些重要的特点当一个主机同时连接到两个网络上时（作,IP地址有一些重要的特点,子网的划分纯属本单位内部的事，在本单位以外是看不见这样的划分部分路由协议如RIP v1只支持固定掩码的划分，即它只识别A、B、C类地址,70,IP地址有一些重要的特点子网的划分纯属本单位内部的事，在本单,地址转换,私有地址是指内部网络(局域网内部)的主机地址，而公有地址是局域网的外部地址（在因特网上的全球唯一的IP地址）。10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0

43、-172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255,71,地址转换私有地址是指内部网络(局域网内部)的主机地址，而公,地址转换的方式有两种，PROXY方式和NAT方式（代理一章详解）1、应用层网关问题 2、内部提供对外服务问题 3、NAT性能问题,72,地址转换的方式有两种，PROXY方式和NAT方式（代理一章,应用软件,Flashget 的安装及使用Cuteftp 的安装及使用Foxmail 的安装及使用Vmware 的安装及使用QQ：查对方IP，名字靠前等安排上机事宜及实验内容,73,应用软件Flashget 的安装及使用73,谢谢大家！,74,谢谢大家！74,