第3章静定结构内力分析课件.ppt
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1、3-1 一般方法,3-2 叠加法,3-3 多跨静定梁(multi beam),第3章 静定结构内力计算,3-4 静定刚架(frame),3-5 静定桁架(truss),3-7 组合结构(structure),3-8 三铰拱(three hinged arch),3-1 一般方法3-2 叠加法3-3 多跨静定梁(mu,3-1 一般方法,符号规定,M:不规定正负,弯矩画在受 拉一侧。,FN:,FQ:,(1)求支反力;(2)取隔离体,列平衡方程,求控制截面内力.(3)根据内力图的变化规律,画内力图。,计算步骤,3-1 一般方法符号规定M:不规定正负,弯矩画在受 拉一侧,内力图的变化规律,(a)无均布
2、荷载的区段,FQ图为水平线、M为斜线。有-,FQ图为斜直线、M为曲线。凹向与均布荷载的方向一致。,(b)M图的极值点在FQ=0处或FQ图变号处。,(c)铰处无力偶作用时,M=0;有-,弯矩等于力偶值。,(d)集中力作用时,M图是折线;FQ图有突变,突变值等于作用力。,(e)集中力偶作用时,M图有突变,突变值等于力偶值。,内力图的变化规律(a)无均布荷载的区段,FQ图为水平线、M为,Solution,Example Draw the M、FQ、FN curves。,(1)Compute the reactions,(2)Analysis free bodies,compute the inter
3、nal forces,Internal forces at cross section CL,SolutionExample Draw the M、,Interactions at section CR,(3)Draw the internal forces curves,取隔离体时:a:约束必须全部断开,用相应的约束反力来代替。b:正确选择隔离体,标上全部荷载。,Interactions at section CR5kNC,1 简支梁的弯矩图(Moment curves of simply supported beam),弯矩叠加法(superpositon of the moment cu
4、rves),1 简支梁的弯矩图M2M1FP l/4FP l/4(M1+,叠加法是数值的叠加,不是图形的拼凑。,叠加法作弯矩图步骤:Steps of constructing moment diagram by superpositon of the moment curves(1)求得区段两端的弯矩值,将弯矩纵坐标连成直线。(2)将区段中的荷载作用在简支梁上的弯矩图叠加。,叠加法是数值的叠加,不是图形的拼凑。(MJK+MKJ)/2,Example,(1)Compute the reactions,(2)Analysis free bodies,compute the interactions,
5、(2)叠加法作弯矩图,Solution,2m2m4mFP=40kNq=20kN/mABCFP=40k,Example Draw the moment diagram of the beam,FyA=80kN,FyB=120kN,(2)Compute the internal forces of particular coross section,MC=120kNm,MB=40kNm,(3)Compute the maximum moments for the loads of AC,CB,BD acting on the same span simply supported beams,(1)
6、Compute the reactions,Solution,=40kNm120kNm10kNm10kNm40kNmExa,3-2 多跨静定梁(Multi-span statics beam),只承受竖向荷载和弯矩Only loaded by vertical forces and moments,先算附属部分,后算基本部分。,基本部分:能独立承受外载。附属部分:不能独立承受外载。,基本部分上的荷载不影响附 属部分受力。附属部分上的荷载影响基本 部分受力。,作用在两部分交接处的集中力,由基本部分来承担。,3-2 多跨静定梁(Multi-span statics,If,then,Example
7、确定x值,使支座B处弯矩与AB跨中弯矩相等,画弯矩图(Determine x that making the moments at support B and the mid point of beam AB equals and draw the moment curve.,Solution,qqq(l-x)/2ql/2l/2xl-xABCDEIfth,弯矩最大值降低1/3,节约材料,中间支座截面承担弯矩,充分发挥了材料性能.,Moment Curve,ql2/12ql2/12ql2/12弯矩最大值降低1/3,Example Draw the moment curve.,Solution,E
8、xample Draw the moment cur,Example Draw the moment curve.,Solution,3FP l/2FPFPll/2lFPFPl0FPFPl0E,Example Draw the momentcurve.,2FP,Solution,Example FP2FPFP2FPaaaaaaFP2F,Example,Moment curve,Solution,qll/2l/2l/2l/2l/2ll/2qlqlql/2q,ql,ql,3ql/4,ql/2,ql/2,FQ图Shear curve,qlql/2qlql7ql/45ql/4qlql3ql/4q,Ex
9、erices,Moment curves,Exerices10kN20kN10kNm30kN020kN,Shear curve,10kN20kN10kNm30kN020kN010kN/mS,l,x,q,FyA,A,B,FyB,Inclined beam,lxqFyAABFyBlxqFyA0AFyB0Incline,FN图,Shear curve,q,ql2/8,Moment curve,qql2/8FN图Shear qql2/8ql/2ql/2M,几种斜梁荷载换算,自重,人群,几种斜梁荷载换算自重人群q1lq2l,Example,FPFP/4FN2FQ2FPM2FPFP/4FN1FQ1M,3-
10、3静定平面刚架,3-3-1 Simply supported frame熟练、准确,(1)Compute the reactions,FP/2,FN图Axial forces,FP/2,FQ图shear,FP,FPa,M图moment,2a,a,a,FP,A,B,C,Example,(2)Draw internal forces curves,Solution,3-3静定平面刚架3-3-1 Simply suppor,Example,7FP/4,2FP,FN图 axial forces,2FP,3FP/4,FQ图shear,FP,7FPa/4,3FPa/4,FPa/2,FPa/4,M图 mom
11、ent,(1)Compute the reactions,(2)Draw internal forces curves,Solution,ABC2FPFPl/2l/2llExampleFyC=7FP,Example,(1)Compute the reactions,Solution,ExampleFxC=26kNFxB=6kNFyA=8kN2,24,26,8,FN图(kN)Axial forces(kN),26,8,FQ图(kN)shear(kN),26,6,52,M图(kNm)Moment(kNm),52,12,12,(2)Draw internal forces curves,24268F
12、N图(kN)268FQ图(kN)26652M图(,Example,1m,3m,2m,4m,A,C,D,B,2kN/m,(1)Compute the reactions,Solution,(2)Draw internal forces curves,Example1m3m2m4mACDB2kN/mFxB=0F,FN图(kN)axial force(kN),FQ图(kN)shear(kN),M图(kNm)moment(kNm),(3)校核,满足,12FN图(kN)FQ图(kN)48M图(kNm)12164,Example,(1)Compute the reactions,(3)内力图校核,自行完成
13、,Solution,(2)Draw interaction curves,FPFN图FPFQ图FPFPlFPlM图FP002lFP2l,ql,ql,Moment curve,ql2/2,ql2/2,ql2/8,Example,Solution,Shear curve,qlFN图qlqlMoment curveql2/2ql2/,Example,Solution,FN图M/2lM/2lM/2lFQ图M图M/2M/2M/2l,Example,Solution,FN图FPFQ图FPFPlM图FPllPl0FPlFPExa,Example,Solution,qlqlFN图qlqlFQ图ql2/2M图q
14、l2/2Exam,Example,Solution,ql2/2ql2M图qaFQ图qaFN图qaqaa/2a/2,Example,Solution,FN图2m/lFQ图2m/lmM图2mmlm2m/l2m/l,Example,Solution,4m2m4m4m2m5kN5kN/m10kNm10kNm5k,11.258.755FQ图(kN)FN图(kN)11.255,3-3-2 Three-hinged frame正确求出刚片间的相互作用力,Example,(1)Compute the reactions,Solution,3-3-2 Three-hinged frame正确求出,!结构对称,荷
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