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1、第12课 新文化运动,目标导航,识记新文化运动兴起的背景、标志、代表人物、主要内容和历史意义。理解新文化运动中“新”的含义。了解新文化运动在近代中国思想解放运动中的地位和作用。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
2、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
3、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一、新文化运动的兴起,新生的中华民国很快陷入政治混乱的局面之中。一部分先进知识分子经过痛苦的反思认识到:仅有政治制度的革新不足以救中国,必须启发国民新的伦理道德意识,培养国民的独立人格,彻底荡涤封建旧文化的毒害,进行一场思想文化领域的革新运动。,1.背景:,1915年,陈独秀在上海创办青年杂志(从第二卷起改名为新青年)。,2.标志:,陈独秀、胡适、李大钊、鲁迅等。,3.代表人物:,西方的民主与科学思想。,4.宣传:,封建的旧道德、
4、旧文化。,5.抨击:,新青年和北京大学。,6.重要阵地:,相关史事:,新文化运动提倡男女平等、个性解放。大学是否应该开放女禁,成为当时社会普遍关注的问题。蔡元培、胡适等人都赞成大学开放女禁,很多女性也积极争取接受高等教育的权利。1920年春,北京大学首次招收9名女生入学旁听,开创了中国国立大学男女同校的先例。,人物扫描:,蔡元培,浙江绍兴人,中国近代著名民主革命家和教育家。蔡元培在1916年出任北京大学校长之后,着力营造“兼容并包”和“思想自由”的学术研究氛围,聘请了一大批具有新思想的学者到北京大学任教,使得北京大学不仅成为人才鼎盛、学术兴旺的全国最高学府,也成为中国新文化运动的大本营。,蔡元
5、培(1868-1940),状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
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7、,状元成才路,二、新文化运动的内容与意义,抨击旧道德和旧文化:针对北洋政府统治时期猖獗一时的尊孔复古逆流,新青年发表了大量文章,猛烈抨击封建的旧道德和旧文化。鲁迅的白话小说狂人日记,以新文学的形式深刻揭露了封建礼教的吃人本质,号召人民起来推翻“黑漆漆的”吃人社会。,1.内容:,提倡民主与科学:民主与科学是新文化运动所标举的两大口号,由陈独秀首先提出。他还将它们形象地称为“德先生”和“赛先生”。,文学革命的表现,人物,胡适,陈独秀,鲁迅,文章,影响,文学改良刍议,文学革命论,狂人日记,以白话文作为新文学的语言,提出了“文学革命”的旗号,以新文学的形式深刻揭露了封建礼教的吃人本质,进步性:它打开了遏制新思想涌流的闸门,掀起了一股思想解放的潮流。它动摇了封建道德礼教的统治地位,使中国人民接受了一次民主与科学的洗礼,为随后爆发的五四运动起了思想宣传和铺垫的作用。,2.意义:,局限性:新文化运动对于中国传统文化的看法带有一定的片面性。,新文化运动,开始:1915年,创办青年杂志,代表:陈独秀、李大钊、胡适、鲁迅,阵地:新青年和北京大学,口号:民主、科学,内容:思想革命、文学革命,影响:掀起了一股思想解放的潮流,动摇了封建道德礼教的统治地位,
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