离子交换法ppt课件.ppt
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1、第一节 基本原理,离子交换法:利用溶液中带电粒子与离子交换剂之间结合力的差异进行物质分离的操作方法。,1,静电力,2,3,树脂的选择,4,比如:蛋白质带正电荷还是负电荷?,树脂的选择,5,第二节 离子交换树脂的结构和种类,载体:惰性的不溶性高分子固定骨架。功能基团:与载体共价键连接的不能移动的活性基团平衡离子:与功能基团以离子键连接的可移动的活性离子,6,离子交换树脂构成,一、离子交换树脂的分类,7,阳离子交换树脂分类,强酸型树脂(有好的解离能力):磺酸型树脂,功能基团为磺酸根(SO3H)甲基磺酸根(CH2SO3H)中酸性树脂 磷酸型树脂(PO3H2)弱酸性树脂(酸性环境中解离度受到抑制)羧酸
2、型树脂(COOH)酚型树脂(),8,阴离子交换树脂,强碱型阴离子交换树脂 季铵基 弱碱型阴离子交换树脂(在碱性环境中解离度受到抑制)伯、仲、叔胺基中强碱性阴离子交换树脂 兼有以上两类活性基团,9,离子交换树脂的性能,10,11,“strong and weak”refer to the extent that the ionization state of the functional groups varies with pH.The terms strong and weak do not refer to the strength with which the functional gr
3、oups bind to proteins.Strong ion exchangers show no variation in ion exchange capacity with change in pH.Strong ion exchangers include Q(anionic),S and SP(cationic).,These exchangers do not take up or lose protons with changing pH and so have no buffering capacity,remaining fully charged over a broa
4、d pH range.,Titration curves show the ion exchange capacity of strong ion exchangers Q and S.Approximately 5 ml of Q or S Sepharose Fast Flow are equilibrated in 1 M KCl and titrated with 0.1 M NaOH.,weak ion exchanger:Advantage:they can offer a different selectivity compared to strong ion exchanger
5、s.A disadvantage:because weak ion exchangers can take up or lose protons with changing pH,their ion exchange capacity varies with pH.,such as DEAE(anionic),ANX(anionic)and CM(cationic),二、离子交换树脂的命名:,14,交联度:是合成载体骨架时交联剂重量的百分数,用“”将树脂编号与交联度分开。如:强酸7其交联度为7%。,编号:,三、离子交换树脂的骨架(载体),由苯乙烯与二乙烯苯经过氧苯甲酰催化聚合而成。,15,(一
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