人体寄生虫学概论课件.ppt
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1、Human/Medical Parasitology(人体/医学寄生虫学),Cheng Yanbin(程彦斌)Department of Immunology&Pathogenic Biology,School of Medicine,Xian Jiaotong University,.,Human/Medical Parasitology(,参考资料,殷国荣.医学寄生虫学.第二版.北京:科学出版社,2010殷国荣.医学寄生虫学实验指导.第二版.北京:科学出版社,2010Wang Shiping and Ye Siying.Textbook of medical microbiology an
2、d parasitology.Beijing:Science press.2006 He Shenyi.Human parasitology.Shandong:Shandong university press.2011,.,参考资料殷国荣.医学寄生虫学.第二版.北京:科学出版社,Websites for parasitolgy¶sitic disease,http:/www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/HTML/iMAGE_Library.htmhttp:/www.cdc.govhttp:/www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/Default.htmhttp:/apps.w
3、ho.int/tdr/http:/www.parasite.org.au/,.,Websites for parasitolgy¶,Introduction to Medical Parasitology(简介),人体寄生虫学的定义及研究内容寄生虫病的流行及危害相关的概念寄生虫和宿主的相互关系寄生虫病流行的基本环节寄生虫病的防治原则,.,Introduction to Medical Parasi,Medical Parasitology,是一门研究与医学有关的寄生虫及其与宿主关系的科学。主要研究寄生虫的形态结构、生态规律,着重研究寄生虫与人体及外界因素的相互关系、从病原学角度揭示寄生
4、虫病发病机制、寄生虫病的流行规律和防治措施,达到控制与消灭寄生虫病的目的。,Definition of Medical Parasitology,.,Medical Parasitology是一门研究与医学有关,Medical ParasitologyParasites Parasitic diseases,Morphology,Life Cycle,Pathogenesis,Diagnosis,Treatment,Transmission,Prevention,Definition of Medical Parasitology,.,Medical ParasitologyMorpholog
5、y,寄生虫病的危害及现状,世界范围主要寄生虫流行情况(WHO,2011)虫名 感染人数 死亡人数/每年 疟原虫 2.16亿 70 万 血吸虫 2.4亿 1.5万 利什曼 120万 5万 丝虫 1.2亿 锥虫 250万 5万,Epidemiology of parasitic diseases,.,寄生虫病的危害及现状 世界范围主要寄,世界范围肠道寄生虫流行情况(WHO,2011),虫名 感染人数 阿米巴 1%贾第虫 2亿 钩虫 7.4亿 蛔虫 10亿 鞭虫 7.95亿,Epidemiology of parasitic diseases,.,世界范围肠道寄生虫流行情况(WHO,2011)虫,我
6、国建国前后寄生虫病流行情况 病名 建国前后 疟疾 3000万 血吸虫病 1160万 丝虫病 3000万 黑热病 53万 钩虫感染者 2亿(五大寄生虫病),Epidemiology of parasitic diseases,.,我国建国前后寄生虫病流行情况Epidemiology of,我国寄生虫病流行现状,黑热病(1958)及丝虫病(1994)相继达到基本消灭标准,血吸虫病人32万(2010),疟疾患者7855例(2012)。全国(2005)土源性线虫平均感染率19.56%,其中蛔虫和鞭虫感染人数分别为0.8593亿和0.2909亿,而钩虫感染率为17%,感染人数为0.393亿(6.12%)
7、。,Epidemiology of parasitic diseases,.,我国寄生虫病流行现状黑热病(1958)及丝虫病(1994)相,与寄生虫相关的基本概念(Conceptions related to medical parasitology),共生关系(Symbiosis-Commensalism/Mutualism/Parasitism*)寄生虫及其类别宿主及其类别寄生虫的生活史及其基本阶段寄生虫生活史的类别,Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,与寄生虫相关的基本概念(Conceptions relate,共生(Symbios
8、is),-两种生物共同生活在一起,这种现象称为共生。根据相互之间的利益关系分为三种;共栖(Commensalism)互利共生(Mutualism)*寄生(Parasitism),Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,共生(Symbiosis)-两种生物共同生活在一起,共栖(Commensalism),-两种生物共同生活,一方受益,另外一方既不受益,也不受害。,Fig.A female pea crab in the mantle cavity of its mussel host.The crab does not damage the m
9、ussel and uses its shell purely for protection,.,共栖(Commensalism)-两种生物共同生活,,Mussel,Mussel,.,MusselMussel.,Remora sharks(印鱼)are endowed with an adhesive disk on the dorsal surface of their heads.They use this adhesive disk to“hitch a ride”on larger animals,usually whales(鲸),which tend to be sloppy ea
10、ters.When food floats away from the whales mouth,the remora(印鱼)can unhitch itself and collect the scraps of food floating by.,.,Remora sharks(印鱼)are endowe,互利共生/共生(Mutualism),-两种生物共同生活,双方均受益,生理上互相依赖。,Fig.A selection of ciliates(纤毛虫)from the rumen(前胃)of cattle or sheep.The rumen contains enormous num
11、bers of ciliates that break down cellulose in the feed.,Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,互利共生/共生(Mutualism)-两种生物共,Red-billed oxpeckers(红嘴牛椋鸟)are feed on an impala(羚羊),a practice that benefits both animals.,.,Red-billed oxpeckers(红嘴牛椋鸟)ar,寄生(Parasitism),-两种生物共同生活,一方受益,另外一方受害。受益的一方称为宿主(人或
12、动物),受害的一方称为寄生物(病毒、细菌、寄生虫),其中属于低等动物的寄生物称为寄生虫。Human/Hookworm,Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,寄生(Parasitism)-两种生物共同生活,一,Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,Conceptions related to medical,.,.,寄生虫及其类别(Parasites and their classification),依靠寄生关系生活的低等动物称为寄生虫。原虫 吸虫 体内寄生虫寄生虫 蠕虫 绦虫 线虫 节
13、肢动物-体外寄生虫*专性寄生虫,兼性寄生虫,偶然寄生虫,长期寄生虫,暂时性寄生虫及机会致病性寄生虫。,Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,寄生虫及其类别(Parasites and their c,NEMATODES(线虫):vermiform,cylindrical,bilaterally symmemtrical in structure and taper towards their anterior and posterior ends.Adult are diecious(sexes are separate;雌雄异体),Con
14、ceptions related to medical parasitology,.,NEMATODES(线虫):vermiform,cyli,TREMATODES(吸虫):typically flattened and leaf-shaped.There are male and female system in a fluke(吸虫)body.-Hermaphroditism,hermaphroditic(雌雄同体的),Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,TREMATODES(吸虫):typically flat,CESTODES(绦
15、虫):long,ribbon-like in shape.Their ribbon-like chain of segments(节片).Each mature segment bear a complete male and female reproductive system.,Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,CESTODES(绦虫):long,ribbon-lik,PROTOZOA(原虫):unicellular animals.It is very small and range in size from 2 to more
16、than 100m.They have cell membrane,cell plasma,nucleolus.,Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,PROTOZOA(原虫):unicellular anim,其他分类(Other classification),Parasites may be classified according to different ways.专性寄生虫(Obligate parasite):生活史中有一个阶段或整个生活史过程营寄生生活的寄生虫。兼性寄生虫(Facultative parasite):可以自由
17、生活,但如有机会侵入宿主,也可以过寄生生活的寄生虫。,Conceptions related to medical parasitology,.,其他分类(Other classification)Para,偶然寄生虫(Accidental parasite):因偶然机会侵入非正常宿主体内寄生。长期寄生虫(Permanent parasite):成虫必须过寄生生活。暂时性寄生虫(Temporary parasite):只在取食时侵袭宿主,取食后即离去。机会致病寄生虫(Opportunistic parasite):人体受感染后并没有明显临床表现,只有当宿主免疫功能低下时,这些寄生虫异常繁殖,致
18、病力增强。,.,偶然寄生虫(Accidental parasite):因偶,寄生虫的分类(动物分类系统),动物界扁形动物门-吸虫纲(Trematoda)、绦虫纲(Cestoda)线形动物门-线虫纲(Nematoda)棘头动物门节肢动物门-昆虫纲(Insecta)、蛛形纲(Arachnida)、甲壳纲、唇足纲、倍足纲,.,寄生虫的分类(动物分类系统)动物界.,原生动物亚界肉足鞭毛门-动鞭纲(Zoomastigophorea)、叶足纲(Lobosea)顶复门-孢子纲(Sporozoa)纤毛门-动基裂纲(Kinetofragmino-phorea),.,原生动物亚界.,宿主及其类别(Hosts an
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