抗生素优化管理1课件.pptx
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1、1,G-杆菌感染在全球/亚洲/中国的流行病学及影响,抗生素优化管理 素材1,1G-杆菌感染在全球/亚洲/中国的流行病学及影响抗生素优化管,抗生素优化管理-1,“坏”的细菌正在“逃脱”?!,Enterococcus faecium(屎肠球菌)Staphylococcus aureus(金黄色葡萄球菌)Klebsiella(克雷柏菌)Acinetobacter(不动杆菌)Pseudomonas(绿脓杆菌)Enterobacter/Escherichia coli(肠杆菌属)/(大肠杆菌),“坏”的细菌正在“逃脱”?!Enterococcus fa,“坏”的G-杆菌会产生,Enterococcus
2、faeciumStaphylococcus aureusKlebsiella(克雷柏菌)ESBL,KPCEscherichia coli(大肠杆菌)ESBLAcinetobacter(不动杆菌)MRD,PDR,XDRPseudomonas(绿脓杆菌)MRD,PDR,XDREnterobacter(肠杆菌属)SSBL,4,“坏”的G-杆菌会产生Enterococcus faec,我们正面临什么样的问题?,我们正面临什么样的问题?,SMART研究(Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends),Collect up to 100 cons
3、ecutive GNB from patients with intra-abdominal infectionsInclude unique initial isolatesExclude duplicate isolatesRecord duration of hospitalization(48 h or 48 h)Isolates recovered after 48 hours of hospitalization considered community-acquired Isolates recovered 48 hours after hospitalization consi
4、dered hospital-acquired,Adapted from Chow JW,et al.Surg Infect(Larchmt).2006;6(4):439448.,SMART研究(Study for Monitoring,Slide 7,SMART Study:Susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae Worldwide,20022007,EPM=ertapenem;IMP=imipenem;FEP=cefepime;FOX=cefoxitin;CAZ=ceftazidime;CRO=ceftriaxone;SAM=sulbactam/ampic
5、illin;TZP=tazobactam/piperacillin;AMK=amikacin;LVX=levofloxacin;CIP=ciprofloxacin.,Slide 7SMART Study:Susceptibi,Slide 8,SMART Study:Susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in Asia/Pacific,20022007,EPM=ertapenem;IMP=imipenem;FEP=cefepime;FOX=cefoxitin;CAZ=ceftazidime;CRO=ceftriaxone;SAM=sulbactam/ampic
6、illin;TZP=tazobactam/piperacillin;AMK=amikacin;LVX=levofloxacin;CIP=ciprofloxacin.,Slide 8SMART Study:Susceptibi,Slide 9,SMART Study:Susceptibility of E.coli Worldwide,20022007,EPM=ertapenem;IMP=imipenem;FEP=cefepime;FOX=cefoxitin;CAZ=ceftazidime;CRO=ceftriaxone;SAM=sulbactam/ampicillin;TZP=tazobact
7、am/piperacillin;AMK=amikacin;LVX=levofloxacin;CIP=ciprofloxacin.,Slide 9SMART Study:Susceptibi,Slide 10,SMART Study:Susceptibility of E.coli Asia/Pacific,20022007,EPM=ertapenem;IMP=imipenem;FEP=cefepime;FOX=cefoxitin;CAZ=ceftazidime;CRO=ceftriaxone;SAM=sulbactam/ampicillin;TZP=tazobactam/piperacilli
8、n;AMK=amikacin;LVX=levofloxacin;CIP=ciprofloxacin.,Slide 10SMART Study:Susceptib,Slide 11,SMART Study:Susceptibility of K.pneumoniae Worldwide,20022007,EPM=ertapenem;IMP=imipenem;FEP=cefepime;FOX=cefoxitin;CAZ=ceftazidime;CRO=ceftriaxone;SAM=sulbactam/ampicillin;TZP=tazobactam/piperacillin;AMK=amika
9、cin;LVX=levofloxacin;CIP=ciprofloxacin.,Slide 11SMART Study:Susceptib,Slide 12,SMART Study:Susceptibility of K.pneumoniae in Asia/Pacific,20022007,EPM=ertapenem;IMP=imipenem;FEP=cefepime;FOX=cefoxitin;CAZ=ceftazidime;CRO=ceftriaxone;SAM=sulbactam/ampicillin;TZP=tazobactam/piperacillin;AMK=amikacin;L
10、VX=levofloxacin;CIP=ciprofloxacin.,Slide 12SMART Study:Susceptib,Slide 13,SMART Study:Global Trends in ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae,20032007,aCefepime and cefepime/clavulanic acid used to determine ESBL status;ceftazidime and cefotaxime with/without clavulanic acid were used 20052007.Adapted fr
11、om Badal R,et al.Poster presented at:48th Annual ICAAC;2528 October 2008.,Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Strains Among 18,845 E.coli,K.pneumoniae,and K.oxytoca Isolates,2004a,Prevalence,%,Asia/PacificLatin AmericaMiddle East/AfricaEuropeNorth America,0,45,40,2003a,2005,2006,2007,35,30,25,20,15,10,5,Sl
12、ide 13SMART Study:Global Tr,Slide 14,SMART Study:Prevalence of ESBL-Positive E.coli Worldwide,Slide 14SMART Study:Prevalenc,Slide 15,Slide 15,SMART Study:Prevalence of ESBL-Positive E.coli Worldwide,Community Onset(48 hours),Hospital Onset(=48 hours),Slide 15Slide 15SMART Study:P,Slide 16,SMART Stud
13、y:Susceptibility of ESBL-Positive E.coli in Asia/Pacific,EPM=ertapenem;IMP=imipenem;FEP=cefepime;FOX=cefoxitin;CAZ=ceftazidime;CRO=ceftriaxone;SAM=sulbactam/ampicillin;TZP=tazobactam/piperacillin;AMK=amikacin;LVX=levofloxacin;CIP=ciprofloxacin.,Slide 16SMART Study:Susceptib,Slide 17,SMART Study:Prev
14、alence of ESBL-Positive K.pneumoniae Worldwide,Slide 17SMART Study:Prevalenc,Slide 18,Slide 18,SMART Study:Prevalence of ESBL-Positive K.pneumoniae Worldwide,Community Onset(48 hours),Slide 18Slide 18SMART Study:P,Slide 19,SMART Study:Susceptibility of ESBL-Positive K.pneumoniae in Asia-Pacific,EPM=
15、ertapenem;IMP=imipenem;FEP=cefepime;FOX=cefoxitin;CAZ=ceftazidime;CRO=ceftriaxone;SAM=sulbactam/ampicillin;TZP=tazobactam/piperacillin;AMK=amikacin;LVX=levofloxacin;CIP=ciprofloxacin.,Slide 19SMART Study:Susceptib,Species Distribution of GNB Causing IAIs 2,292 Isolates,China,SMART,2002-2007,Species
16、Distribution of GNB C,Susceptibility in E.coli SMART,IAI,China,2002-2007,(N=125),(N=144),(N=147),(N=145),(N=287),(N=287),Susceptibility in E.coli SMA,Susceptibility in K.pneumoniae SMART,IAI,China,2002-2007,Susceptibility in K.pneumonia,SMART study:Prevalence of ESBL-positive E.coli Trend,China,2002
17、-2007,SMART study:Prevalence of ESB,SMART study:Prevalence of ESBL-positive K.pneumoniae Trend,China,2002-2007,SMART study:Prevalence of ESB,Rates of ESBL-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae from Community-onset(Data from SMART 48 h in China),Rates of ESBL-producing E.co,Rates of ESBL-producing E.coli
18、 and K.pneumoniae from Hospital-onset(Data from SMART 48 h in China),Rates of ESBL-producing E.co,院内细菌流行分布及耐药监测研究(Nosocomial Prevalence Resistance Surveillance,NPRS),中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医院陈民钧,王辉,教授等方法:10-13个城市,累计32家三级甲等医院(2002至今保持固定的17家医院)重症监护病房革兰氏阴性细菌,随机连续的100-200菌株药敏试验方法:E-test 法 时间:1994至2004资助:杭州默
19、沙东制药有限公司,院内细菌流行分布及耐药监测研究(Nosocomial Pr,1994-2004年可分析的主要菌株数,细菌/年份,94,95,96,98,99,00,01,02,03,04,总计,铜绿假单胞菌,143,261,331,311,283,387,410,408,456,406,3396,大肠杆菌,101,156,300,319,260,336,360,403,415,430,3080,肺炎克雷伯菌,68,164,150,265,229,309,256,363,339,305,2448,鲍曼氏不动杆菌,40,30,80,68,145,211,292,314,307,387,1874,
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