初中英语语法句子成分英语中的句子成分课件.ppt

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1、句子成分,2022/12/30,句子成分2022/9/27,句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语、补语等。主要成分：主语和谓语,主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。,2022/12/30,句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、主语2022/9/27,The school is far from here.,She goes to school by bike.,Eight is a lucky number.,The blind need more help.,There is a pen on the d

2、esk.,Predicting the future is interesting.,To be a doctor is my dream.,名词做主语,代词做主语,数词做主语,名词化的形容词做主语,名词做主语,动名词做主语,不定式短语做主语,2022/12/30,The school is far from here.Sh,谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.,英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。,谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。,2022/12/30,谓语英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来

3、充当谓语动词,Mr. Li teaches English.,He can play the piano.,My parents and I are having dinner.,主语,主语,主语,谓语,谓语,谓语,分析句子的主语和谓语,2022/12/30,Mr. Li teaches English.He can,谓语,表语,谓语,谓语,表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。,表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。,名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。,Your pen is on the desk.,He got very angry.,主语,主语,表

4、语,My dream is to have a robot.,主语,表语,2022/12/30,谓语表语谓语谓语表语表语的位置名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副,常见的系动词,1. be动词2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等,上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。,2022/12/30,常见的系动词1. be动词上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作,是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接

5、带宾语的谓语动词. 宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.,I saw a plane in the sky just now.,I want three.,I like going shopping.,We think predicting the future is hard.,宾语从句,动名词做宾语,名词做宾语,数词做宾语,宾语,2022/12/30,是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须,宾,主,宾,宾语补足语（宾补）,有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。,充当宾补的有:,1. 形容词作宾语补足语,The

6、 sun keeps us warm.,主,谓,宾补,2. 介词短语作宾语补足语: I found her in the room.,谓,宾补,2022/12/30,宾主宾宾语补足语（宾补） 有些及物动词除了要有一个,3. 副词作宾语补足语。 Please let him in.,宾补,4. 名词作宾语补足语。We made him monitor of the class.,宾补,2022/12/30,3. 副词作宾语补足语。宾补4. 名词作宾语补足语。宾补20,定语定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的的),1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面) They have

7、a clever son. I have something important to tell you.,2. 名词作定语: Is it a color film?,名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers,但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop,2022/12/30,定语1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时,man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如: men drivers , women doctors,3. 代词作定语: This

8、 song is better than that one.,4. 数词作定语: There are only thirty students in our class.,带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.,a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy,2022/12/30,man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形,5. 副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):Do you know the young man over there?,6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):The students in o

9、ur class like swimming.,2022/12/30,5. 副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):6. 介词短语作定语(,状语 修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.,1. 副词作状语: The old man is walking slowly. The boy is very clever.,表方式,表程度,2. 介词短语作状语: I have lived in Shanghai for five years.,3. 不定式作状语,I come here to see you.,表目的,表时间,20

10、22/12/30,状语1. 副词作状语:表方式表程度2. 介词短语作状语:3.,4. 现在分词作状语,The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand.,表方式,5. 状语从句,Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,2022/12/30,4. 现在分词作状语The teacher came in,状语的位置,1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。,We like our school very much.,2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.,I usually get up at six, but th

11、is morning I got up at eight.,3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后,I usually get up early.,He is often late.,2022/12/30,状语的位置1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。We like ou,一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似,sometimes, n

12、ow可以位于句首,句中或句末,only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.,The actor only sang a song.Only the actor sang a song.The actor sang only one song.,2022/12/30,一些副词, 如already, once, just, so,两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后. We will have a meeting in Room 202tomorrow.2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大 Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd.,

13、Suzhou, Jiangsu.3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词,She sang very well at the meeting last night.,2022/12/30,两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序She sang very w,时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯,Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.,2022/12/30,时间和地点状语也可以位于句首,

14、 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯U,请标出下列句子的成分。,1. We waited for him until eight oclock.,3.The second term begins on February 28.,4.We find the story very interesting.,5. She bought me a nice pen as birthday gift.,主,主,主,主,谓,谓,谓,谓,2.When spring comes, leaves turn green.,宾,宾,间宾,直宾,时间状语,主,主,谓,谓,时间状语从句,时间状语,宾补,状,定,定,定,表,目的

15、状语,2022/12/30,请标出下列句子的成分。1. We waited for hi,句 子 的 种 类,2022/12/30,句 子 的 种 类2022/9/27,句子是具有一定的语法结构,表达应该独立完整意义的语言单位.,结构:简单句,并列句, 复合句,分类,用途:陈述句,疑问句,祈使句, 感叹句.,2022/12/30,句子是具有一定的语法结构,表达应该独立完整意义的语言单位.结,We read English every day. Father and I are watching the football match. He lived and worked here for t

16、en years. Wang Wei and his sister got on a bus and found two seats.,简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓 语(或并列谓语的句子。,主,谓,宾,主,谓,宾,主,谓,主,谓,宾,谓,宾,2022/12/30,We read English every day.简单句,1. 主语+ 连系动词 + 表语(SVP),简单句的五种基本句型,I am an actor.,2. 主语 + 不及物动词(SVi),They are running.,3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语(SVO),She can speak English.,

17、4. 主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾(SVInO+DO),She teaches us English.,5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补(SVOC),The news made her unhappy.,2022/12/30,1. 主语+ 连系动词 + 表语(SVP)简单句的五种基本句,判断下列简单句的类型。,1. We made him our group leader.2. I cant watch TV now.3. Who gave you that book?4. It tasted wonderful.5. We all study hard.6. We must kee

18、p our classroom clean.7. The bus is coming.,(SVP),(SVOC),(SVO),(SV+InO+DO),(SVi),(SVOC),(SVi),2022/12/30,判断下列简单句的类型。1. We made him our,由并列连接词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子.,并列句,简单句只包含有一套主谓结构。并列句则包含有两套或两套以上的主谓结构,被连接的简单句在意义上有联系, 但在语法结构上互不从属。,I help her.(简单句)She helps me. (简单句)I help her and she helps me. (并列句)

19、,2022/12/30,由并列连接词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子.并列,不同的并列连词用以表示并列句中各分句间的不同关系1. and (和,而且)表示并列,递进关系.2. but(但是), 表示转折关系3. or(否则,或者)表示转折、选择关系4. so(所以)，for(因为)表示因果关系,2022/12/30,不同的并列连词用以表示并列句中各分句间的不同关系2022/9,复合句,有一个主句和一个或一个以上 的从句组成的句子。(句中有句),主语从句宾语从句表语从句定语从句状语从句,由一个句子充当主语的主语,由一个句子充当主句的宾语,由一个句子充当主句的表语,由一个句子充当主句的定

20、语,由一个句子充当主句的状语,2022/12/30,复合句有一个主句和一个或一个以上 的从句组成的句子。(句中,He told me that he went shopping yesterday.,( ),I was watching TV when the phone rang.,The girl who likes dancing is my friend.,主,主,主,谓,谓,谓,宾,宾,表,( ),( ),宾语从句,时间状语从句,定语从句,主,谓,主,谓,主,谓,宾,2022/12/30,He told me that he went shoppi,谢谢大家观赏,2022/12/30,谢谢大家观赏2022/9/27,