初中英语语法——代词课件(26张).pptx

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1、代 词,代 词,一、代词的定义 代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。二、代词的分类及用法人称代词 （主格、宾格）物主代词 （形容词性、名词性）反身代词指示代词疑问代词关系代词不定代词相互代词,代词,代词有多少种呢？,一、代词的定义代词代词有多少种呢？,人称代词的定义及用法：代替人和事物的名称的词，分为主格和宾格两种形式。He likes reading.I will visit him next week.Look at me.Catch him, he is a thief !,你发现什么了吗？,主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.,第一人称单数第二人称单

2、数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复, 人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。Tom is taller than I(me).She is as tall as I(me).Who is it?Its I/me. 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用。Its a long way to go.It took him three days to clean his house.It is very clear that the public w

3、ant to know when these men can go into space.We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.,当三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照: “youheI”的顺序表达。,小贴士, 人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之,物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。Is that your umbrella?I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.

4、They are their books.,第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复,名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。This is your cup,but where is mine? Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.our English teacherours English teacher“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。A friend of mine came to see

5、me yesterday.My friend came to see me yesterday.总结：名词性物主代词与形容词物主代词互换使用 This book is mine.= This is my book.,比较,比较,名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子,反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。 反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。 Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself. 在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。The story

6、 itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.,注意: self,selves,反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作,指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。Whats this? That model plane is made of plastic. Remember never to do such things.Do the same as the teacher tells you. -Who is it? -Its me!

7、,指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在,疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。 who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party? What does she want to be when she grows up? who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；

8、而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。Who is that man?What colour are their hats? Which car was made in Germany?,疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。,注意这个提问： The man in the car is my father. (车里的男人是我父亲) Which man is your father? (哪个男人是你的父亲？) which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。 People the

9、re live a very sad life. Which people live a sad life? -Which hotel have you booked for your holiday? The biggest one in Haikou.,注意这个提问： The man in the, 疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。 Who is (are) in that playhouse? What is that? What are those? What colours do they have?关系代词：用

10、来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。 关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。 The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One., 疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但, 关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? 关系代词which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。Have y

11、ou found the book which you lost several days ago? 关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ? 连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。 英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。,初中英语语法代词课件(26张),不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。注： 复合不定代词有12个： someth

12、ing(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything (任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).,不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数,(1) some和 any 的用法： some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。I have some work to do today. They will

13、 go there some day.some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。 Would you like some coffee with sugar? any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。They didnt have any friends here. Have you got any questions to ask? any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.,(1) some和 any 的用法：,(2) no和none的用法： no是形容词,只能作定

14、语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。There is no time left. Please hurry up.They had no reading books to lend. none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。None of them is/are in the classroom. I have many books, but none is interesting.,(2) no和none的用法：,(3) all和both的用法： all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也

15、可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。I know all of the four British students in their school.-Would you like this one or that one? Both. all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。 All (of) (the) boys are naughty.,(3) all和both的用法

16、：,(4)every和each用法： every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念； each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前 every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。 Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. They

17、 are very busy. Each of them has something to do.,(4)every和each用法：,(5)either和neither的用法： either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”； neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。 neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。 I dont care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go the

18、re by train. (6)other、the other和another的用法： other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。 Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.,(5)either和neither的用法：,You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? I w

19、ant another four books. another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another. others与the others的主要区别：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)； the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。A few students are playing

20、soccer while others are watching them.Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.,初中英语语法代词课件(26张),(7)many和much的用法： many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。I dont have many friends here.Many died in the bus accident.We can learn much with the help of hi

21、m. many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.There are a lot of people on the playground.They havent got much work to do.There are too many people in the room.,(7)many和much的用法：,(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法： few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“

22、有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；He is very poor and he has little money. In that polar region there live few people. few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。Dont worry. There is still a little time left.You can get a few sweets from him.,(8)few、little、a few、a little的用,（9）复合不定代词

23、somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中； anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.Did you meet anyone when yo

24、u came to school last Sunday? He has nothing much to do today. (10) one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?I dont like the green ones.,（9）复合不定代词,(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。I dont think so.He lost a book. So did I.(12)a lot of、lots of、a number

25、 of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多” a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；A lot of people think that time is money. plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.,(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句

26、子的宾语或表语。, a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 I have a number of letters to write today. a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(13)none、no one、nobody的区别： no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,

27、后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式； none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。No one knows how he managed to get the ticket. Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. None of my friends came to see me that day., a number of / large numb, 相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。 each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each others ,one anothers。 We must help each other when we are in trouble. They sat there without talking to one another / each other., 相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。,谢 谢,谢 谢,