初中英语翻译解题技巧(20)课件.pptx

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1、,中考英语翻译解题技巧,1,中考英语翻译解题技巧1,1.以一篇短文的形式出现: 3个：英译汉 2个：汉译英2.考纲要求考查对中西文化差异的了解；对常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用；对句子结构、语法知识的掌握对简单的翻译技巧的掌握。,一、出题形式,2,1.以一篇短文的形式出现: 3个：英译汉 2个：汉译英2,1、 各类重要句型结构（定语从句、宾语从 句等）2、搭配（动词短语，名词短语）3、重点词的用法及习惯表达4、主要语法规则及其运用等5、简单的翻译技巧（省略、补充，词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等）。,二、考查重点,3,1、 各类重要句型结构（定语从句、宾语从 句等）2、,三解题

2、方法与技巧,（一）要明确命题意图，做到有的放矢一般来说，句子翻译都有明显的考查意图，要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达，要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配，要么是考查某条语法规则的具体运用等。在做题时要明确命题者的考查意图，有针对性的翻译。,（二）注意英语表达习惯及英汉两种语言的差异由于民族、文化、历史等方面的原因，英汉两种语言在表达方面有许多不同之处，千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。,4,三解题方法与技巧（一）要明确命题意图，做到有的放矢一般来,（三）不要逐字翻译，或译成中国式英语不少同学在做翻译练习时往往有逐字翻译的习惯。如：“我工作很忙”，翻译成了“My work is very busy.

3、”。而正确的表达是：Im very busy.。这类问题考生在平时要予以重视。,（四）注意词形变化，弄清句子结构在做句子翻译题时，要注意单词的词形变化，如名词的单复数，动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词，形容词、副词的比较级和最高级等。此处，还需要注意句型句式、连接词、主谓一致等。,5,（三）不要逐字翻译，或译成中国式英语不少同学在做翻译练习时,总之，除了掌握正确的解题思路和技巧外，重要的是平时要积累词汇及语法知识，以及考试时要认真、细致、全面考虑。,6,总之，除了掌握正确的解题思路和技巧外，重要的是平时要积累词汇,1. 通读全文。首先要从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线部分与文章其他部分之间的语

4、法与逻辑关系。特别弄清代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those和other等所指代的词和词组，切忌不阅读全文就直接翻译划线部分的做法。,四怎样英译汉,如：Experts think it was because US banks lent money too easily.,译文：专家认为金融危机是因为美国银行贷款太容易。解析：该句上文为The crisis began several years ago. 故it所指代的是crisis。,7,1. 通读全文。首先要从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线部,解析：以上两个句子中都含有后置定语结构。第一句

5、子是不定式作后置定语，第二个句子是定语从句作后置定语。在英译汉时应译成带“的”的前置定语。,2.分析划线部分的句子结构。从翻译试题来看，一般来说，划线部分的句子基本上是比较复杂的，如果不搞清它的语法结构，很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求，在分析划线部分的句子结构时，首先找出句子的各个成分，主、谓、宾是句子的骨干，但特别要注意定语、状语等成分翻译。,如：Thirdly, one must have the ability to work with others.,译文：第三，一个人必须有和他人协作的能力。,We may miss the joy that comes from talking w

6、ith strangers.,译文：我们可能会错过与陌生人交流的快乐。,8,解析：以上两个句子中都含有后置定语结构。第一句子是不定式作后,译文：一些小孩认为他们没有收到足够的礼物。解析：当陈述部分是“I dont think”“I dont believe”等结构时，翻译汉语时要注意否定转移。,3.注意英汉两种语言的表达差异。例如，英语中的否定转移等语法现象与汉语的表达方式不同，因此在英译汉时，必须多推敲，切不可粗心大意，想当然地随意进行翻译。,如：Some little kids dont think they get enough gifts.,9,译文：一些小孩认为他们没有收到足够的礼物

7、。解析：当陈述部分是,译文：制定家规是为了帮助你的孩子更好地举止。解析：英语中有些被动句不需要或无法说出行为的主体，因此，翻译时往往译成汉语的无主句。这时，原句中的主语一般译成宾语。,4.采用转换法按汉语的习惯改变句子成份，即词类或词性转换、句子成分转换等。,如：Family rules are made to help your kids behave better,10,译文：制定家规是为了帮助你的孩子更好地举止。解析：英语中有些,译文：我不想向我的父母征求意见，因为他们会担心我。解析：句中含有两个for，第一个是介词，可转换成汉语动词，译为“征求”；第二个是并列连词，译为“因为”。,5.

8、确定词类，辨明词义英词中一个单词有的可用作多种词类，或含有多种词义，翻译时要考虑其词类，弄懂词义，才能用汉语准确表达出来。,如：I dont want to go to my parents for suggestions, for they will get worried about me.,11,译文：我不想向我的父母征求意见，因为他们会担心我。解析：句,译文：相反，做一顿饭足够了。 解析：动词is不译出，更符合汉语表达。,6.增词或减词英译汉时，在文字上往往不能对比地，不加选择地照搬，增词或减词的现象是经常发生的。,如：Miss Green gave her students spec

9、ial homework.,译文：格林老师给她的学生布置了特殊的作业。解析：增加“布置了”，显得句子更通顺。,Instead, making a meal is enough.,12,译文：相反，做一顿饭足够了。 解析：动词is不译出，更符合汉,译文：Firstly, health is the most important of all. 解析：该句使用形容词最高级句型，important是形容词多音节，即“the most+原级形容词+of all”结构。,五怎样汉译英,1. 判断句子结构，寻找合适句型。句型好比是句子的骨架，选用合适的句型是做好汉译英至关重要的一步。英语中句子通常分为简单

10、句、并列句和复合句，其中有一些较为固定的常用句型更是中考经常考查的内容，熟悉并学会运用这些句型将有助于考生很快建立句子结构，完成翻译。,译文：There are (some) other ways of learning.解析：该句使用there be句型，动词be用一般现在时。,如：有一些其他的学习方式。,首先，健康是最重要的。,13,译文：Firstly, health is the most,译文：Students can learn from each other.解析：该题考查了两个词组：learn from“向学习”，each other“互相”。,2.掌握词组搭配、找准关键词语。

11、在汉译英的考点中，短语搭配往往比重很大，其中动词词组尤为重要，用好了关键词语，翻译起来就容易多了。,如：学生们可以互相学习,14,译文：Students can learn from eac,译文：Because you are too young to understand true love. 解析：英语中句型tooto.意为“太以致不能”，动词不定式用肯定式表示否定含义，因此不能受汉语影响，在to understand true love前加not。,3.注意英语习惯、勿受汉语影响。英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处，这一点考生一定要引起足够的重视，千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句

12、型。,如：因为你太小还不懂真爱。,15,译文：Because you are too young t,译文：Nature is full of colors （Nature is colorful. / Nature is rich in color.）解析：翻译“色彩丰富”可以用短语be full of “充满”或be rich in“在方面很丰富”，也可以使用形容词colorful“色彩丰富”作表语。,4.学会一题多译，拓宽解题思路翻译中同一种原文可以有多种译法，我们可以利用同义词或同义句式，探索尽可能多的表达方式。,如：自然界色彩丰富,16,译文：Nature is full of co

13、lors （N,5. 认真检查核对，确保译文无误。 整个句子翻译好后，检查很重要。要重点检查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致，因为这是翻译得分的主要内容；还有是否正确使用了to do或doing结构，名词的单复数，单词的拼写和大小写，甚至标点符号等。,17,5. 认真检查核对，确保译文无误。17,1. 结构混乱我爷爷习惯早起。误：My grandfather is used to get up early.,六典型错误,正：My grandfather is used to getting up early. 解析：“习惯做某事”应该说be used to doing something，不能说be

14、 used to do something。,18,1. 结构混乱我爷爷习惯早起。误：My grandfathe,正：The color is the same as the color of the sea plants. 解析：缺少对完整句子结构的理解，翻译结果往往是简单地用几个单词堆积拼凑而成，没有最基本的句子成分,2. 句不成句这颜色与海洋植物的颜色相同。误：The color and the sea plants color same.,19,正：The color is the same as the,正：Luckily (Fortunately), a man (someone/

15、somebody) saved us. 解析：机械直译，将汉语的语言习惯生搬硬套到英语中去，致使译出的英语不符合英语表达习惯。,3. 望文生义幸运的是，有人救了我们。误：Lucky is, have a man saved us.,20,正：Luckily (Fortunately), a man,正：I have something interesting to tell you.解析：形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything时，该形容词应该放在这些词的后面。,4. 词序颠倒我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。误：I have interesting

16、 something to tell you.,21,正：I have something interesting,正：Most students agreed with him.解析：“同意某人的意见”，应该用短语agree with somebody。,5. 误用词语大多数学生同意他的意见误：Most students agreed his suggestion.,22,正：Most students agreed with h,6. 遗漏谓语因为他家很穷，误：Because his family very poor，,正：Because his family was very poor，

17、解析：poor是形容词，不能作谓语，应该加上系动词be。,23,6. 遗漏谓语因为他家很穷，误：Because his fa,易错点、难点总结,1.连词的翻译and : 和、与,（1）Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends. 露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。(不可省）（2）Young people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing.（3）The sun is

18、bright,and the sky is clear. 太阳是明亮的，和天空是干净的。 (X) （4）He left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar.（5）However ,they worry about their schoolwork and cant fall asleep quickly. （6）他不开心，不知道如何处理这件事。,24,易错点、难点总结1.连词的翻译and : 和、与（1）,英语中“though”、“but”/ “because”、 “so”只能用其中之

19、一，但汉语中“虽然但是”、“因为所以”等句式结构要可以成对使用。,Though it isnt like a table, I like it very much. 虽然它看起来不像张桌子，但是我很喜欢它。（成对使用） 虽然那个梦想没有实现，但是现在他成功了,25,英语中“though”、“but”/ “because”、,2.定语从句的翻译,对于较短的定语从句，英译汉时，可译成带“的”的前置定语,可把复合句译成简单句,1.Guilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers.2.He refused to give up the goa

20、l which is very clear.3.He was very thankful to the land where he grew up.4.I met an old man who asked me to pay attention to health.,对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句，在英译汉时，可将其后置，将整个句子结构译成并列句，并重复先行词。,1.They should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives.,26,2.定语从句的翻译对于较短的定语从句，英译汉时，可译成带“的

21、,3.it 句型的翻译,引导词it做形式主语、形式宾语时，本身没有独立意义,可以省译。熟记 it 句型：,It be + adj (for sb) to do sth.It takes sb （some time) to do sth.I find/think it +adj to do sth. It was difficult to remember all the faces and names. I think it hard for them to understand your joke= It took the volunteers the whole afternoon to

22、clean up the park.,27,3.it 句型的翻译引导词it做形式主语、形式宾语时，本身没,4.否定转移的翻译,当主句部分是“I dont think” ， “I dont believe”， “I dont suppose” 等结构时，翻译成汉语时，要注意 。,1.I dont think he can pass the exam.,我认为他不可能通过这次考试,2.I dont believe that he can speak to the old so impolitely。,3.我认为我们不该浪费时间 4.我相信他不会抽烟。,28,4.否定转移的翻译当主句部分是“I do

23、nt think”,被动语态的句子有时有“被”，有时无“被”，一定认真分析主动还是被动。熟记被动语态的各种时态： 一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来词： 现在完成时： 情态动词的被动语态：,5被动语态的翻译,1.The blue sky is reflected（映衬） in the deep blue lake. 蓝蓝的天空映衬在深蓝色的湖水中 （无“被”）2.Some of his works are translated into English,French and Japanese.（有“被”） 3.我们学校是2011年建的。,29,被动语态的句子有时有“被”，有时无“被”，一定认

24、真分析主动还,话题一 介绍类Passage 1Let me tell you about my hometown. I live in Kinsale. It may be one of the smallest towns in Southern Ireland, but it is also the most famous one.1. The fish restaurants are very wonderful and there are many good cooks here. They cook the best fish for the visitors. 2. 食物昂贵但是人

25、们非常喜欢它。So you can see many people from different countries in every restaurant. My town is very beautiful because it is by the sea. 3. In summer it is very cool and you can go swimming in the sea. There are three small shops and you can buy your friends many souvenirs there. 4. They are very cheap a

26、nd you just need to pay a little money for them.The people in my town are friendly. 5. 他们会和你交朋友。If you feel sick, there is a clinic (诊所) with a doctor and a nurse. Im Andy. You can ask me for help when you have some trouble. I think you will enjoy the holiday.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _,英汉互译型,30,话题一 介绍类Pas

27、sage 1Let me tell y,话题二 观点看法类Passage 6To many students, joining social media (社交媒体) is more important than making new friends in real life. “I love checking my friends updates (更新).1.我也喜欢在社交媒体上分享新闻。” said Wu Wei, 14, from Hongling Middle School in Shenzhen. 2. Because of enjoying these, Wu keep hims

28、elf away from real life. Deng Yunyun, 14, from Jianfeng Middle School in Shanghai, said that social media had influenced their life. 3. Recently his school held a basketball match, and a student hurt his leg. Instead of giving him some help, students were busy updating micro blogs about the accident

29、. They wanted to tell the news to their friends online as soon as possible.4. What makes parents and teachers worried is safety. “Many students are happy to tell their interests and personal information to their social media friends. 5. 这样的信息会给他们带来危险。” said Han Songjun, a teacher at Hongling Middle

30、School.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _,31,话题二 观点看法类Passage 6To many stu,话题三 咨询建议类Passage 5 What can you do when people hurt you? 1. You may be angry or even fight with them. But its not a good idea. 2. 最好的方式是和他们交朋友。3. Although it is not easy for you to get on well with the people who hurt you. “Forgiveness mak

31、es you hopeful. And it is good for your health,” says Fredric, Ph. D. the writer of the book called Forgive for Good.But how can you forgive others?First, think of something nice to make you happy. 4. Dont wait for other people to say sorry to you. If a person hurts you, he or she wont say sorry to

32、you. They may just want to hurt you or they just dont see things in the same way.Second, try to see things in others shoes. 5. 例如，你可以给自己写一封信。 That can make you understand others better and make yourself happier.At last, dont forget to forgive yourself. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge. And it also makes you more confident.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _,32,话题三 咨询建议类Passage 5 What can y,Thank you !,33,Thank you !33,