儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治课件.ppt
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1、儿童分泌性中耳炎的诊治,儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治,1,儿童分泌性中耳炎的诊治儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治1,分泌性中耳炎(OME)是以鼓室积液和传导性听力下降为主要特征的中耳非化脓性炎症 Catarrhal inflammation of middle ear cleft that characterized by middle ear effusion and conductive hearing loss.无急性炎症表现(耳痛、发热、鼓膜充血肿胀)的中耳积液,但可源于急性中耳炎 OME is defined as MEE without signs and symptoms of acute infl
2、ammation (otalgia, irritability, and fever; bulging of the tympanic membrane),概 述,儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治,2,分泌性中耳炎(OME)是以鼓室积液和传导性听力下降为主要特征,儿童、婴幼儿听力下降的主要原因之一 One of the most important factor that affecting the Childrens hearing儿童OME确切的发病率不详,因本病通常无明显临床症状。然而,几乎所有3岁左右的儿童都曾经历过至少1次中耳积液的发作 It may be difficult to determ
3、ine the “true” incidence of OME because, by definition, OME is asymptomatic. However, nearly all children had experienced at least one episode by the age of 3 years,儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治,3,儿童、婴幼儿听力下降的主要原因之一儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治3,Various factors interact in the pathogenesis of otitis media,病因、病理机制 多因素相互作用,感染,解剖、生理因素,宿主因素,
4、环境因素,儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治,4,Various factors interact in th,咽鼓管 (ET)-中耳 (ME)-乳突 (mast) 通气系统在OME发病中的作用. The three physiologic functions of the eustachian tube are (1) pressure regulation (ventilation), (2) protection, and (3) clearance (drainage). Of these, pressure regulation is the most importantA, Pressure r
5、egulation function is related to active dilation of the tube by contraction of the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVP).,儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治,5,咽鼓管 (ET)-中耳 (ME)-乳突 (mast) 通气系,以往认为,咽鼓管功能不良是OME发生的始发及主要因素儿童、婴幼儿咽鼓管较成人短、宽、平,更易患OME,7岁以后渐接近成人,OME发生率明显下降,儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治,6,以往认为,咽鼓管功能不良是OME发生的始发及主要因素儿童分泌,中耳积液的细菌学研究 Comparison
6、of distribution of isolates in 2807 effusions from patients with acute otitis media (AOM) and 4589 effusions from patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) at the Pittsburgh Otitis Media Research Center, 1980 to 1989. Total percentages are greater than 100% because of multiple organisms,儿童分泌性中耳
7、炎诊治,7,中耳积液的细菌学研究 Comparison of distr,现有研究认为: OME可能起源于慢性感染Secretory changes in the middle ear in COME are most likely due to chronic infection多数患者以急性感染起病The majority of cases begin as acute infection of the middle ear 咽鼓管及中耳粘膜的炎症后反应导致持续性鼓室积液Postinflammatory alteration in the middle ear mucosa and eus
8、tachian tube (e.g., goblet cell metaplasia and hypersecretion) lead to persistence of effusion咽鼓管功能不良是疾病发生、发展的重要环节Dysfunction of the eustachian tube is an important part of the process.,儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治,8,现有研究认为: 儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治8,症状耳闷、听力下降、耳鸣以及自听过显听力下降是儿童就诊的首要原因体格检查听力学测试影像学检查:不作常规,诊 断 Diagnosis,OME可经鼓膜穿刺确诊,但儿童
9、不宜推荐,儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治,9,症状诊 断 DiagnosisOME可经鼓膜穿刺确诊,但儿童,体检 Physical examination 耳科检查头颈检查:很重要,可发现OME易患因素,如:颅面畸形、腭裂、鼻腔和鼻咽部异常.,OM with retracted drum,OM with air-fluid level,儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治,10,体检 Physical examination OM wit,听力学检查 Hearing Tests听阈评价:轻中度传导性听力损失行为测听:视觉强化测听(2岁),纯音测听(5岁)ABR:不能配合行为测听者,但不能真实反映外周听力声导抗(需外耳道
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