《动词不定式》ppt课件.ppt

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1、动词不定式,不定式 to do,不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not. 即 not to do,My father decided not to take up the job.,The teacher told us not to be late again.,不定式的时态和语态,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came

2、here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,(It is foolish to do that sort of thing.),作主语,To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.,To give up smoking is right.,1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。,2. 放弃吸烟是对的。,注：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不

3、定式后置：,Its a great pleasure to be here. It is not an easy thing to master a language.,注 ：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“ for /of + 名词词组” 来表示，如：,It was difficult for me to do the work.,Its kind of you to think so much of us.,作宾语,Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.,He promised

4、not to tell anyone about it.,1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。,2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。,learn, need, plan, wish, start, want, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree,作表语,My job is to teach English.,To see is to believe.,1. 我的工作是教英语。,2. 眼见为实。,作定语,Do you have anything to say?,1. 你有什么要说的吗?,2. Betty是第一个

5、知道这真相的人.,Betty was the first to know the truth,下列情形用不定式作定语,1. 由the only, the first, the last, the next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词,常用不定式作定语.e.g) Made Curie was the first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes. The best way to keep fit is to develop healthy eating habits.,2. 当修饰词是名词 : ability, way, cha

6、nce , attempt, plan, failure 等, 这时用不定式作定语,对所修饰词起补充说明的作用.e.g) Three years later he had a chance to go to Australia. He failed in his attempt to escape from prison.,作状语,He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.,目的状语.,结果状语,1. 不定式作状语表示目的,或用于so as to 和in ord

7、er to 之后e.g) To learn a foreign language well, you must use it as much as possible.2. 不定式用在soas to, suchas to, only to以及tooto, enoughto 等结构中,表示结果.e.g) Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me.,作宾补,She asked me to stay here.,1. 她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。,Please allow me to introduce Mr

8、. White to you.,advise allow ask cause encourage expect force get inform invite order permit remind request teach tell want warn enable wish,做独立成分,1. To tell the truth, I dont agree with you. (老实说)类似的短语有: to be frank, 坦白说 to be exact, 确切的说 to begin with 首先, 第一,注意,1 .有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,list

9、en to（二听）make, have, let（三让） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.,I heard them sing a pop song .We watched them play football .,A . 不带to的不定式,注: 这些动词若用于被动语态,不定式必须加to The man was made to move his car by the policeman.,在 would rather than , rather than, 等结构后的than之后不用to.,在 cant but, cant choose but, cant he

10、lp but , do nothing but, 之后的不定式不用 to,4. 介词but, except, besides + to do ,但是如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么, 介词后的不定式不用to.,5. 一些特定结构中: why not do (为什么不做) had better do (最好做) would rather do (宁愿；宁可 )e.g) I would rather have a cup of tea. 我宁愿喝茶。 You had better go back. 你还是回去的好。 Why not see a film tonight.,注意,b. 带

11、疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词。,Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.,Can you tell me where to get the book?,(what,when,where,which ,who ,how),注意,D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).,B: Yes ,

12、 Id love to ( come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,E. 有些动词后面既可跟不定式to do，又可跟动名词 doing，但是意义不一样，如 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean, regret, like /love, cant help, propose 等等,I remembered to post the letters.I remembered posting/having post the letters.,1)remember / forget to do 表示记得/ 忘记 要去做

13、某事 remember / forget doing 表示记得/ 忘记 做过某事,You really must try to overcome your laziness.Try using another key since this one can not open the door.,2)try to do 设法努力做某事 try doing 尝试着做某事,After taking out a picture, the teacher went on to ask some students to answer some questions.After drinking a glass

14、 of water, the lecturer went on talking about the topic.,3) go on to do 表示接着做另外一件事情 go on doing 表示接着做原来的那件事情,You should stop to permit the old lady to cross the road. He stopped reading when he hear the telephone ringing.,4) stop to do 表示停下来去做另外一件事情 stop doing 表示停止做某事,He means to finish the work in

15、two days.Accepting the job means leaving his parents and living in another city alone.,5) mean to do 表示打算，意欲做某事 mean doing 表示意味着，意思是,I regret to inform you that you didnt pass the test. I regretted having left the country after twenty years,6) regret to do 表示很遗憾要去做某事 regret doing 表示很遗憾已经做过的事情,He lik

16、es swimming, but he doesnt like to swim this evening.,7) like /love/ hate to do 表示一次性具体的动作 like /love/ hate doing 表示经常性、习惯性的动作,I have so much work to do , so I cant help( to )clean the room now.When she heard the sad news, she couldnt help crying.,8) cant help (to) do 表示不能做，无助于 cant help doing 表示请不自

17、禁,He used to work in that country. He has got used to living in that country.,9) used to do 表示过去常常做某事 be/get used to doing 表示习惯于做某事,He is afraid to walk alone at night.They talked very in a low voice as they were afraid of waking the sleeping baby.,10) be afraid to do 表示（因恐惧）不敢做某事 be afraid of doing

18、 表示害怕或恐怕某事发生,注：need/want/require; worth/worthy 的特殊用法,The bike needs to be repaired.The room needs repairing.,1) need/want to be done = need/want doing 需要(含被动意义),The book is worth reading The book is worthy to be read. The book is worthy of being read.,2) be worth doing be worthy to be done / be wort

19、hy of being done,这本书值得一读。,注: Prefer 的用法：,prefer doing to doingprefer to do rather than do would rather do than do,I prefer waiting here to staying at home.I prefer to wait here rather than stay at home.I would rather wait here than stay at home.,He is used to _in that city. (live)Im looking forward

20、to _you soon. (see)She objects to _the problem now. (discuss)He devoted himself to _the new theory. (establish)I have been accustomed to _in that company since I came here. (work)In addition to _his own work well, he is ready to help others.(do),F. 下面的to是介词，而不是不定式 be/get accustomed to, be/get used t

21、o, in addition to, +,living,seeing,discussing,establishing,working,doing,动词不定式的时态,1. I opened the door to enter the room.,2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,. 一般式( to do ).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,.进行式( to be doing),1. I am very glad to be working with you.,

22、2. He is said to be coming.,.完成式（to have done),1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,如果谓语表示的动作发生在不定式之前。,动词不定式的语态,.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done),1. We want to learn English well.,2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know w

23、hat country he studied in.to have studied B.to studyC. made D. to make,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.,.被动式( to be done / to have been done),1. He didnt like to be laughed at.,2. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.being badly treated B.treating badlyC. to be treated bad

24、ly D. to have been badly treated.,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.,1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c l

25、eaned3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak,练习,4. Mary is always the first student _to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? -_enough protein and nutrit

26、ion as you are growing up.A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting6.Would you be so kind _us out? -With pleasure.A. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to help,7. Wet umbrellas are not allowed _into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking,8. Robert is said _

27、 abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying,9. In Australia, he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. get B. getting C. to get D. got,10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A.

28、 to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating11. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met12. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning,13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycl

29、e in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not toI saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes,15. There isnt any different between the two. I really dont know _ A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which

30、The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _ A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what

31、_ in my new job. (NMET2000) A. expected B. to be expected C. to be expecting D. expects,高考题汇集：,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (MET1998),to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented,4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the wa

32、y home. (MET2003),much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (NMET95),A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (MET 97),to be tak

33、en B. to take C. being taken D. taking,7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考),to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考),A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep,9. With a lot of di

34、fficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考),settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled,10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考),A.to have played B. to play C. to be

35、played D. to be playing,11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考),to make B. makingC. to have made D.having made,12. The teacher asked us_so much noise. (2003北京春季高考),A.dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,