人教部编版八年级语文下册24唐诗二首公开课课件.ppt

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6、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,茅屋为秋风所破歌杜 甫,杜甫（712770），字子美，自号少陵野老，祖籍襄阳（今湖北襄阳）。他是盛唐时期伟大的现实主义诗人，他一生忧国忧民，创作颇丰，诗艺精湛，被尊称为“诗圣”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

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8、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,其诗抒写个人情怀，往往紧密结合时事，思想深厚，境界广阔，有强烈的现实意义，深刻反映了这个时代的现状，后世将他的诗称为“诗史”。代表作有“三吏”(新安吏石壕吏潼关吏)、“三别”(新婚别垂老别无家别)等。,茅屋为秋风所破歌：选自杜诗详注卷十（中华书局1979年版）。安史之乱造成时局动荡，百姓颠沛流离。公元759年底，为了躲避“安史之乱”，杜甫来到成都。第

9、二年，杜甫在成都涣花溪畔营建了一座草堂，后世称“杜甫草堂”。在成都的草堂，杜甫总算暂时过上了安定的日子。这时，他已经49岁了。,可好景不长，草堂营建不到一年，蜀中政局发生了变化。御史大夫崔光远来兼成都尹，他是个不学无术的赌棍，对诗人杜甫当然不会尊重。761年8月，成都平原风雨成灾。草堂被吹破了，草堂前的一棵200年的楠树也被拔倒了。就在诗人政治上受到冷遇，又加风雨成灾的情况下，杜甫写了茅屋为秋风所破歌。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

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11、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,有感情地朗读课文，注意节奏。,茅屋为秋风所破歌,杜 甫,八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅。茅飞渡江洒江郊，高者挂罥长林梢，下者飘转沉塘坳。 南村群童欺我老无力，忍能对面为盗贼。公然抱茅入竹去，唇

12、焦口燥呼不得，归来倚杖自叹息。,俄顷风定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑。布衾多年冷似铁，娇儿恶卧踏里裂。床头屋漏无干处，雨脚如麻未断绝。自经丧乱少睡眠，长夜沾湿何由彻！ 安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜！风雨不动安如山。呜呼！何时眼前突兀见此屋，吾庐独破受冻死亦足！,八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅。茅飞渡江洒江郊，高者挂罥长林梢，下者飘转沉塘坳。,秋深。,秋高：怒号：三重茅：挂罥：长：沉塘坳：,大声吼叫。,多层茅草。三，表示多数。,高。,沉到池塘水中。坳，水势低的地方。,挂着，挂住。罥，挂结。,飞,飘,洒,挂,沉,描写“秋风破屋”的情景。,卷,情景交融：三幅鲜明的图画，拨动诗人的心弦，交代了茅草的三

13、个下落。“卷”“飞”“洒”“挂”“飘”“沉”这些动词，形象地写出了风吹茅草的情状，流露出诗人焦灼、苦痛无奈的心情。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

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15、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.第1段中哪些词语描写出了风势之大？请找出来加以赏析。,先用“怒”字把秋风拟人化，“风怒号”三字写出了秋风声之宏大，使人如闻秋风咆哮，很形象。 “卷、飞、洒、挂罥、飘转”把风势的猛烈描绘得淋漓尽致，将一幅秋风卷茅的画面生动地呈现出来，从而使诗人的无奈之情自然流露。,一叹老天无情毁屋；二叹儿童幼稚，不明诗人苦衷；三叹黎民生活困苦（战乱给人民造成的痛苦）。,为：竹：呼不得：,做。,竹林。,喝止不住。,南村群童欺我老无力，忍能对面为盗贼。公然抱茅入竹去，唇焦口燥呼不得，归来倚杖自叹息

16、。,写对“群童抱茅”的感叹。,2.如何理解诗人称孩童为“盗贼”？,群童抱茅只是顽皮而已，然而诗人却将孩童称为“盗贼”，还感到“欺”，是为了表达自己因“老无力”而受到欺负的无奈、愤懑心情，并不是真的给抱茅草的孩童冠以“盗贼”的罪名。,俄顷：漠漠：向昏黑：衾：恶卧：雨脚如麻：丧乱：何由彻：,抒情：表现出诗人既盼雨停又盼天亮的迫切心情。,一会儿。,俄顷风定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑。布衾多年冷似铁，娇儿恶卧踏里裂。床头屋漏无干处，雨脚如麻未断绝。自经丧乱少睡眠，长夜沾湿何由彻！,阴沉迷蒙的样子。,渐渐黑下来。,被子。,睡相不好。,形容雨点不间断，像下垂的麻线一样密集。,战乱，指安史之乱。,如何挨到天亮。

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19、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.为什么要写“布衾多年冷似铁，娇儿恶卧踏里裂”？,这两句诗相对于“茅屋为秋风所破”这一题材，以及“安得广厦千万间”这一主题而言，似乎有些游离，其实，诗人的用意是为下文写屋破漏雨蓄势，营造一种雪上加霜的凄苦氛围；同时又从一个具体的角度写出了生活的艰辛。,4.诗人为何长夜难眠？“长夜沾湿何由彻”一句体现了诗人怎样的情怀？,从眼前的处境想到安史之乱以来的种种痛苦经历，从风雨飘摇中的茅屋联想到战乱频繁、残破不堪的国家，然后又回到现实，忧国忧民，加上“长夜沾湿”，怎能入睡呢？,“何由彻”与前面的“未断绝”照应，表现了诗人盼雨停，又盼天亮的迫切心情。同时，“长夜沾湿何

20、由彻”还有更深层的含义，诗人从眼前景想到过去事，再想到未来，自己、国家都在风雨飘摇中挣扎。,安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜！风雨不动安如山。呜呼！何时眼前突兀见此屋，吾庐独破受冻死亦足！,表现了诗人舍己为人、至死不悔的决心及其博大的胸襟和崇高的思想。,安得：广厦：庇：寒士：呜呼：突兀：见：吾：,哪里能得到。,宽敞的大屋。,遮盖，掩护。,高耸的样子。,通“现”，出现。,写诗人推己及人、忧国忧民的崇高思想,贫寒的士人。,书面感叹词，表叹息。,我。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

21、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

22、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,5.“安得安如山”三句句式有何特点？表现了诗人怎样的情怀？,三个句式，前后用七字句，中间用九字句，句句蝉联而下，“广厦”“千万间”“大庇”“天下”“

23、欢颜”“安如山”等，读来铿锵有力，果断坚决，准确地表现了诗人从“床头屋漏无干处”“长夜沾湿何由彻”的痛苦体验中迸发出来的无奈的呐喊和深切的期盼。这里，诗人跳出个人的圈子，表现了对天下寒士的无限关怀。,怎么看待杜甫“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”的这种情怀？,这首诗描绘了秋风破屋，长夜沾湿的情景，反映了战乱中诗人的痛苦生活，表现了他对人民的同情，同时也表现了诗人推己及人、舍己为人的高尚品德和忧国忧民的祟情怀。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

24、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

25、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,茅屋为秋风所破歌,叙事写实,饱览民生疾苦体察人间冷暖,抒发情怀,秋风破屋，卷走茅草群童戏谑，诗人叹息屋漏床湿，彻夜难眠,推己及人，忧国忧民博大胸怀，崇高理想,卖炭翁,白居易（7728

26、46），字乐天，号香山居士，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。,白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。有白氏长庆集传世，代表诗作有长恨歌卖炭翁琵琶行等。,本诗选自白居易集卷四（中华书局1979年版）。本诗是白居易新乐府组诗中的第三十二首，自注云：“卖炭翁，苦宫市也。”白居易写作新乐府是在元和（唐宪宗年号，806820）初年，这正是宫市为害最深的时候。他对宫市十分的了解，又对人民有深切的同情，所以才能写出这首感人至深的卖炭翁来

27、。,皇宫所需的物品，本来由官吏采买。中唐时期，宦官专权，横行无忌，连这种采购权也抓了过去，常有数十百人分布在长安东西两市及热闹街坊，以低价强购货物，甚至不给分文，还勒索“进奉”的“门户钱”及“脚价钱”。名为“宫市”，实际是一种公开的掠夺。诗人有感于此，写下本诗。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

28、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

29、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,卖炭翁，伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。卖炭得钱何所营？,卖炭翁,白居易,砍伐。,烟熏色的脸。此处突出卖炭翁的辛劳。,灰白。,得到。,做什么用。谋求，需求。,身上衣裳口中食。可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒。夜来城外一尺雪，晓驾炭车辗冰辙。牛困人饥日已高，市南门外泥中歇。,使人怜悯。,希望。,天亮。,同“碾”，压。,车轮

30、滚过地面碾出的痕迹。,困倦，疲乏。,城市中划定的集中进行交易的场所。唐代长安有东西两市，各有东西南北四门。,翩翩两骑来是谁？黄衣使者白衫儿。手把文书口称敕，回车叱牛牵向北。,轻快的样子。,骑马的人。,黄衣使者，指太监。白衫儿，指太监手下的爪牙。,指皇帝的命令。,吆喝。,长安城宫廷在北面，集市在南面。,拿。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

31、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

32、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一车炭，千余斤，宫使驱将惜不得。半匹红纱一丈绫，系向牛头充炭直。,助词，用于动词之后。,吝惜不得。得，能够。惜，舍。,唐代商品交易，钱帛并用，但“半匹江纱一丈绫”远远低于一车炭的价值。,同“值”，价钱。,挂。,1.从诗中哪里可以看出卖炭翁的炭来之不易？,复杂的工序、漫长的劳动过程、工作环境的

33、恶劣,伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。,伐薪烧炭南山中。,满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。,脸：焦黄色鬓发：灰白十指：乌黑,形象地描绘出卖炭翁的生存状态：一是劳动的艰辛，一是年岁已老。,2.“衣正单”“愿天寒”“可怜”分别包含老翁和作者各自怎样的心理和情感？,“衣正单”，本该希望天暖，然而却“愿天寒”，只因为他把解决衣食问题的全部希望都寄托在“卖炭得钱”上。这两句写出了主人公艰难的处境和复杂矛盾的内心活动。“可怜”二字，倾注着诗人深深的同情，不平之感，自在不言之中。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

34、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

35、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.“晓驾炭车辗冰辙”中的“辗”字有什么表达效果？,“辗”字既写出了天气寒冷，已经结了冰，从而突出说明了卖炭翁的

36、辛苦，又写出了牛车的重量，说明了卖炭翁的勤劳。,4.“牛困人饥日已高”写出了哪些内容？,作者不写雪地赶车行走的整个过程，只用七个字，就把路远、车重、雪厚、人苦全部托出。至此，作者笔墨暂时收住，木炭能不能卖出，是老翁悬心的事，也是读者迫切想知道的结果。,5.“翩翩两骑来是谁”中的“翩翩”一词表现了宫使怎样的形象？,“翩翩”，轻快的样子。这里表现了宫使得意忘形，骄横无理的样子，与卖炭翁为生活操劳的凄惨形象形成了鲜明的对比，揭露了唐代“宫市”的罪恶。,6.“把”“称”“叱”“牵”几个动词有何深意？,形象地描绘出宫使如狼似虎般的蛮横。“文书”，是行政机构间互相往来的平行公文。按理，小太监手里是不会有这

37、种公文的，更不用说是“敕”，也就是皇帝的文书了。这里有讽刺之意，将宫使狐假虎威、巧取豪夺的情形活灵活现地表现了出来。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

38、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

39、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1、卖炭翁一诗中多处运用了对比，请分别找出，并说说各自的作用。,“一车炭，千余斤”与“半匹红纱一丈绫” 对比，写出了宫使掠夺的残酷；“牛困人饥”与“翩翩两骑”对比，反衬出劳动者与统治者境遇的悬殊：劳动者的艰辛，宫使的得意忘形、骄横无理；“衣正单”与“愿天寒”对比，写出卖炭翁买衣食的迫切心情及艰难处境。,2、我们知道，白居易主张“歌诗合为事而作”，同学们想想看，诗人通过卖炭翁的故事想反映什么样的社会现实？我们今天应该怎样做？,诗人塑造了卖炭翁这个典型形象，概括了唐代劳动人民的辛酸

40、和悲苦，揭露了宫市的弊端以及带给劳动人民的不幸，揭露了当时社会的黑暗，同时也表现出作者对下层劳动人民的深切同情。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

41、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

42、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,卖炭翁,老翁,老翁艰辛官吏蛮横,宫使,烧炭艰辛运炭艰难炭被掠夺,夺炭仗势凌人（肖像、动作描写）蛮横冷酷,肖像、心理、动作描写,观刈麦【白居易】田家少闲月，五月人倍忙。夜来南风起，小麦覆陇黄。妇姑荷箪食，童稚携壶浆。相随饷田去，丁壮在南冈。足蒸暑土气，背灼炎天光。力尽不知热，但惜夏日长。复有贫妇人，抱子在其旁。右手秉遗穗，左臂悬敝筐。听其相顾言，闻者为悲伤。家田输税尽，拾此充饥肠。今我何功德，曾不事农桑。吏禄三百石，岁晏有余粮。念此私自愧，尽日不能忘。,观刈麦,课后习题参考答案,一、

43、茅屋为秋风所破歌分为四节，试概括每节的内容，并说说其中蕴含着诗人怎样的思想感情。,参考答案： 第一节：秋风破屋：环境。展现系列动态，牵动诗人的视线，拨动着诗人痛苦的心弦。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

44、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

45、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,第二节：群童按茅：现实。茅草对诗人而言关乎生计，按捺不住内心的愤怒。这是激愤之词。 第三节：长夜沾湿：感受。由自己的处境，联想到国家的处境（风雨飘摇之中）。“何由彻”意味深长，一作结，二铺垫。 第四节：广厦千万间：理想。诗人跳出了个人的圈子，表现了对天下寒士的无限关怀。,二、卖炭翁讲述了一个什么故事？揭露了怎样的社会现实？,参考答案： 卖炭翁描写一个烧木炭的老人谋生的困苦。诗一开头就把读者带到当时的京城长安附近的终南山上，让

46、读者看到一个烧炭的老人过着十分穷苦的生活。,更多教学资源微信jxzy888666,烧炭的老翁连一寸土地也没有，全部赖以为生的东西，只不过是一把斧头、一挂牛车，再加上十个被烟火熏黑的手指头。他没有妻子也没有儿女，孤苦伶仃的一个人被生活所迫的老人“心忧炭贱愿天寒”，他宁肯忍受加倍的寒冷，以便能多卖一点炭钱。,封建统治阶级为了满足其腐朽豪奢的生活欲望，除了名目繁多的苛捐杂税以外，还采取其他手段巧取豪夺人民的血汗。中唐以后，朝廷里经常派人到市场上去采购物品。他们一看到中意的东西，就随便付给很低的价格，或任意掠夺而去,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

47、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

48、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,三、两首诗中都有不少精彩的描写，如茅屋为秋风所破歌中对恶劣天气和生活环境的描写，卖炭翁

49、中对卖炭老人肖像、心理、动作的描写。试结合具体诗句做简要分析。,参考答案： “八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅”刻画了秋风扫叶、茅草飞扬的动感场面，突出诗人饱经战乱之苦，是未老先衰、心力憔悴啊！“俄顷风定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑”用饱含浓墨的大笔渲染出愁惨暗淡的氛围，从而烘托出诗人愁惨暗淡的心境。,“满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。”这十四个字的肖像描写，不仅准确地表现了卖炭翁的职业和年龄特征，而且使人想到他的辛酸劳作和痛苦生活。长期受烟火熏烤使皮肤变色，终日扒摸木炭把十指沾黑，而“两鬓苍苍”又表现出卖炭翁的凄楚和衰老。这样拼死拼活的苦干，只不过为了“身上衣裳口中食”，挣点钱勉强度日。,“心忧炭贱

50、愿天寒”，是更深一层的心理刻画。卖炭翁在“衣正单”时“愿天寒”，一怕天气暖，炭卖不掉，衣食无所出，二想天气寒冷，卖个好价钱。这两句诗深刻地表现了他对“卖炭得钱”的殷切期望，反映了他十分悲惨的生活境遇。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状