英语情态动词详解课件.ppt
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1、Modal Verb(情态动词) -kelly,1,情态动词的语法特征 情态动词,在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。从用法上来说,它有这样几个特点:1)各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。2)不能在句中独立担当谓语,与后面的动词原形合成谓语。也没有非谓语形式。3)情态动词在句中不受任何人称,数变化的影响。4) 情态动词后接的不定式(除ought外)都不带to ,即接动词原形。英文中的情态动词主要有:can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared ,另外,shall , will , should , would在
2、一定的场合也可用作情态动词。,情态动词,2,表示能力, 指有能力做某事, 译为“能够”。-Can you use chopsticks?-He is only four, but he can read.-In the past, people could not count as we do now. (could表示过去的能力)与be able to的区别: 时态can只有现在时和过去时, 而be able to有更多形式。,can / could的用法,3,与be able to的区别: 成功地完成某一具体动作, 用was/were able to=managed to do/succe
3、eded in doing表示经过一番努力, 终于能够完成某事。 -The fire spread through the building quickly, but everyone was able to get out.,can / could的用法,考点聚焦,4,区别补充 助动词后只用be able toThey will _ tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。 情态动词后只用be able to 。They may _ do it .,be able to,be able to,5,考点练兵1.They _tell you the news so
4、on. A. will be able to B can C could 2. The boy _ play the piano very well ,when he was seven . A. will be able to B can C could,6,2. 表示请求或允许, 译为“可否”。-Can/Could you turn down the radio? (Could较客气)-You can leave it to me.-He asked me if he could use my mobile phone.回答:Yes, you can. (肯定)No, you cant.
5、(否定),can / could的用法,7,3. 表示推测, 含惊讶、怀疑的语气, 只用在疑问、否定、感叹句中。-Its so late. Can Tom be reading? (疑问)-It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill. (否定)-How can you be so careless! (感叹),can / could的用法,考点聚焦,8,4. cannot too译为“无论怎样也不为过; 越越好”。-You cannot be too careful while driving a car on such a dark night.,can / co
6、uld的用法,考点聚焦,9,表示许可。= be allowed to do-You may go now.-May/Might I dance with you?回答:Yes, you may/can.No, you mustnt.,may / might的用法,10,2. 表示推测, 只用于肯定句。-She may/might come here tomorrow. (may比might可能性大一些)-They may be still waiting for us.典型例题Peter _B_come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A
7、. mustB. may C. can D. will,may / might的用法,11,3. 用于祈使句, 表示祝愿。-May you succeed!4. may/might as well用于提出建议, 译为“最好”。-You may/might as well stay at home tonight.,may / might的用法,12,1. 表示义务, 译为“必须”、“一定要”。-You must hand in your homework.-Must I book the tickets in advance?回答:Yes, you must. (肯定)No, you need
8、nt./dont have to. (否定),must 的用法,13,与have to的区别:否定意义不同mustnt表示禁止, 译为“不准”、“不允许”。dont have to译为“不必”。-You mustnt smoke in the office.-You dont have to call back tonight.,must 的用法,14,与have to的区别:时态must没有时态变化, 而have to有各种时态。must强调说话人的主观看法, have to强调外在的客观需要, 译为“不得不”。-We must obey the traffic rules.-Since i
9、t is raining, she has to stay indoors.,must 的用法,15,have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday.在否定结构中: dont have to 表示不必mustnt表示“禁止”,你不一定要把此事告诉他。_你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 _,You dont have to tell him about it .,You mustnt tell him about it .,16,2. 表示偏要, 硬要。-John, must you play the p
10、iano at such a late hour?-Who is the girl standing over there? Well, if you must know, her name is Marry.,must 的用法,17,3. 表示推测, 只用于肯定句, 译为“肯定”。否定为cant, 译为“不可能” 。现在: must do / must be doing过去: must have done-You have worked hard all day. You must be tired now.-They are playing basketball. They must ha
11、ve finished their homework.,must 的用法,考点聚焦,18,-The door is locked. She cant be at home. (当前推测)-I saw him just now so he cant/couldnt have gone abroad.,cant 的用法,(过去推测),19,must 常考点4在回答带有must 的问句时,否定结构不用mustnt 而用neednt dont have to .-Must I go home ? -Yes , _-No _5 表示偏偏,干嘛等责备含义(指做令人不愉快的事情) The car must
12、break down just when we were about to start off . Must you shout so loudly ?,must,neednt / dont have to .,( 干嘛 ),( 偏偏 ),20,表示“应该”。= ought to-You should/ought to work hard.2. should表惊讶, 惋惜, 译为“竟然”。-I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.-I didnt expect that he should have finished the
13、 job ahead of time.,should的用法,考点聚焦,21,3. 根据经验或事实, 合理的推断。-Mary took dancing classes for years; she should be an excellent dancer.-Its said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There should not be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.,should的用法,22,1)用于第一人称的构成一般将来时。2)一般用于二、三人称陈述句中,
14、表示命令、许诺、警告、威胁,决心、义务、规定等。You shall have my answer tomorrow He shall be sorry for it one day , I tell you .You shall do as I tell you .Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollutionEach citizen shall carry ID card when travelling.,(允诺),(警告),(命令),(决心),义务、规定,shall的用法,考点聚焦,23,3)用于征求对方的意见和指示,用在一,三人
15、称的疑问句中。Shall I turn on the light ? Shall he come to see you ?_注: Shall +第三人称主格+do sth =Do you want +第三人称宾格+to do sth .,=Do you want him to see you ?,24,1. 用于各种人称, 表示意志、意愿、请求、自然规律等。-I will tell you the details.-Will/Would you please be quiet? (Would较客气)-If pure water is heated to 100, it will boil.,w
16、ill的用法,25,2. 表示习惯、倾向, 译为“总是”、“惯于”。-He will sit there hour after hour doing nothing.-Every day, the couple would go for a walk in their neighbourhood hand in hand. (过去的习惯),will的用法,考点聚焦,26,1) need 的意思是“”需要,既是行为动词,又是情态动词。 作形为动词时,他具有一般动词的各种形式,(need、 needs、 needed 、needing),与助动词(do、 does 、did )连用构成疑问句和否定
17、句,后面接名词或动词不定式作宾语。 作为情态动词,只有一种形式,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,与not 连用时构need not的否定式,疑问句把need提前。,need的用法,27,1)I need a new computer . 2)Your room need painting 3)He doesnt need to work late into the night .4)I need to get a new car .5)Need he work so late ? yes, he must no , he neednt .6)you neednt walk that fast
18、 , need you?你不必走那么快,是吗?,实义动词,情态动词,实义动词,实义动词,实义动词,情态动词,28,注意1: need 的被动含义:need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动:need doing = need to be done注意2:need 作情态动词不用在肯定句中,只用于疑问句和否定句中,,29,1 它既可以作行为动词又可以作情态动词,作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句,否定句及条件句中,陈述句中很少使用但(I dare say )除外。没人称和数的变化,但有时态变化,过去时为dared. 否定式为darent .How da
19、re you say Im unfair ?He dare not speak English before such a crowd , dare he ?,情态动词,情态动词,dare的用法,30,作行为动词时,有时态,人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作行为动词时,在肯定句中,其后常接带to的动词不定式,但在否定句和疑问句中,其后的to 可省可不省。如:I dare to swim across this river .He does not dare (to) answer Dont you dare (to )touch it ?,31,need / dare的用法,= can,情态动词不
20、用于肯定句。情态动词dare有过去时dared。,32,He _ through the forest alone. dare walk B. dare to walk C. dares walking D. dares to walk 2. He hardly _ say anything more, since you know all about it.A. dont need to B. needsC. need D. neednt,练一练,情态动词不用于肯定句。,情态动词=can,33,3. _ climb that tall tree?A. Would you dare B. Da
21、re you to C. Dare you D. Will you dare 4. Jim _ his strict father, for he failed in the examination once again.A. didnt dare to see B. not dare to seeC. didnt dared to see D. dare no to see,练一练,情态动词=Can you,行为动词=didnt like to see,34,情态动词表示推测的用法 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:1)情态动词+动词原形。表
22、示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.,35,3)情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。,36,4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。You
23、r mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用cant, couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。,37,典型例题1)-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB.
24、will C. can D. should 答案C. could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might。复习: will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。,38,2)-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldntC. mustnt D. shouldnt 答案A。neednt 不必,不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。 must
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