英语句子成分及五种基本句型ppt课件.ppt
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1、句子成分与五种基本句型,句子的组成成分叫句子成分。汉语里一般的句子成分有六种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种: 主语(subject) 谓语(predicate) 表语(predicative) 宾语(object) 定语(attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 补语(complement),句子成分,七种句子基本成分:,I saw a tall boy take your book just now.,主,谓,宾,定,补,状,主+谓,主+系+表,主+谓+宾,五种基本句型:,1,2,3,4,5,主+谓+间宾+直宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,什么是主语?,1)主语:
2、是一个句子的老大。是一句的主体,是在句中说明全句中心的部分。常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当担任。一般放于句首。如:Students study. They are good friends. To see is to believe.,什么可以作主语?,名词,代词,数词,Shanghai is in the east of China.Tom works very hard.I bought a new book.That is a picture of our school.Who knows the answer?Three plus four is seven.The firs
3、t is the best.To see is to believe.It is important to learn English.,Smoking is harmful to the health. The old should be respected. The disabled will receive more money. What he said is not true. How to finish the work is a problem.,动名词,名词化的形容词,主语从句及复合结构,什么可以作主语?,什么是谓语?,谓语:说明主语做了什么,是什么,怎么样 。说明主语的动作、
4、状态和特征。通常由动词的各种形式来充当,并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致,一般放在主语之后. We study English. The little girl dances well. He laughed at his classmates. She looks well.,什么可以作谓语?,不及物动词 vi,及物动词 vt,We love China.We have finished reading this book.He can speak English.My mother usually gets up early.The boy often plays in his yard.S
5、he seems tired.,系动词,谓语的正确表现形式:,掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化:1) 人称和数的变化 如: I work in a big company. He works in a big company. 2) 时态变化 如: I usually get up at six . I am getting up now . I got up at five yesterday . I will get up at seven tomorrow . I have already got up . I was getting up when he came in . I had go
6、t up when he came to my house .3) 语态变化 如: The children carried school bags . ( 主动语态 ) School bags were carried by the children . ( 被动语态),谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作.谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化,随着时间的不同而变化,随着与主语的不同关系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化,总之,时时在变.谓语有三种不同的形式: 1) 动词 They planted many trees on the hill . 2) 情态动词 + 动词 You must stay at
7、home . 3) 系动词+ 表语 The report is very interesting.,小结,注意:在每一个正确的句子中都必须存在“谓语”部分。,基本句型1:主+谓,此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。2. Who cares? 管它呢? 3. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。,世界每天都在改变。,她的舞
8、跳得很好。,月亮升起了。,例句A,例句 B,例句C,基本句型1:主+谓,例句D,这支笔书写流利。,系动词:be动词+其它含有特殊意义的动词,表变化,表存在,feel smell taste sound look seem appear,表感官,become get grow turn,keep stay remain,表语:说明主语是什么,或者怎么样。表语由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面She is happy.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believin
9、g.,什么是表语?,什么可以作表语?,His father is a teacher.This book is mine.The leaves turn yellow in autumn.The teacher was satisfied with your work.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.,名词,代词,形容词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,基本句型2:主+系+表,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能
10、表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。There be 结构: There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词there那里混淆
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