员工心理契约工作满意度与离职意愿关系研究.docx
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1、学校编码:10173 分类号 密级 学 号:220081233 UDC 硕 士 学 位 论 文 员工心理契约、工作满意度与离职意愿关系研究以A银行大连分行为例A Study on the Relationship among Psychological Contract, Job satisfaction and Turnover intentionTake Bank A Dalian Branch for example高丹竹指导教师姓名: 金延平 副教授 一级学科名称: 管理学 二级学科名称: 人力资源管理 论文答辩时间: 2010年12月4日摘 要“人”的问题向来都是企业最关心的问题之一
2、,随着人才竞争的日益加剧,如何留住千方百计寻找到的人才业已成为人力资源管理工作者急需解决的问题。在解决这一问题时,企业管理者很容易想到要通过提高员工的工作满意来降低离职率,但是如何才能建立并保持这种心理平衡却是一项难题。随着心理契约的概念于1960年代初被引入管理领域,渐渐地引起了国内外学者的广泛关注,人们逐渐认识到,在正式的经济契约之外,员工与组织二者之间仍旧存在着一种隐含的、非正式的“心理契约”,二者共同调节着员工与企业的关系。本文以A银行大连分行为研究样本,通过发放问卷对该银行员工进行调查,之后利用SPSS17.0等统计分析工具对调查得到的数据进行分析和检验,意在研究心理契约、工作满意度
3、和离职意愿之间的关系,以期在心理契约的层面探究员工满意度及离职意愿,进而为企业的人力资源管理工作提供新的指导思路。本文一共分为四个部分:第一部分简述本文拟研究问题及研究意义;第二部分回顾了国内外研究者对于相关变量的研究成果;第三部分在综合以往相关研究的基础上提出本文的研究框架和研究假设,并通过对研究样本调查数据的分析,来探讨员工心理契约、工作满意度和离职意愿之间的关系;第四部分根据实证分析的结论得出了本文最终的模型,并针对相关结论提出了相应的管理建议。通过实证研究本文得出以下结论:第一,从总体上看被调查样本的心理契约程度比较高,工作满意度比较高,离职意愿不强烈,总体的满意度比较好,员工稳定性比
4、较高。第二,员工的个人属性不同,对员工心理契约、工作满意度和离职意愿的影响程度不同。年龄因素对员工的心理契约及其三个维度、工作满意度存在显著影响;教育程度仅在心理契约的发展维度上呈现显著性差异;单位工龄对员工的心理契约及其三个维度、工作满意度存在显著影响;而性别、部门、职位三个因素对员工心理契约、工作满意度以及离职意愿均没有显著影响。第三,员工心理契约与工作满意度、员工心理契约的三个维度分别与工作满意度之间均存在显著的正相关;员工心理契约与离职意愿、员工心理契约的三个维度分别与离职意愿之间存在比较显著的负相关。员工工作满意度与离职意愿之间存在比较显著的负相关。第四,员工心理契约不同维度对工作满
5、意度影响程度不同,心理契约的三个维度对员工的工作满意度的预测能力由高至低依次是人际维度、发展维度、规范维度。第五,员工心理契约通过工作满意度对离职意愿具有预测能力。本文的创新之处在于:证明了心理契约通过工作满意度对离职意愿产生影响,并且检验出了心理契约三个维度预测能力的差异,对企业进行有针对性地管理有着非常强的现实意义。本文的主要不足之处在于:首先,在研究对象上,由于研究条件的限制,本文只选取了大连地区一家银行作为研究样本,并没有在大连地区进行针对所有银行的大规模调查,样本数据较为局限,因此,研究结论必然会有一定的局限性,只能代表个案情况。其次,在研究变量上,心理契约作为一种契约关系,应当包含
6、当事者双方,即组织和员工双方面的心理契约,而每一方面又应该涵盖组织责任和员工责任,在本文的研究中,由于研究能力有限,只对员工心理契约的组织责任进行研究。关键词:心理契约,工作满意度,离职意愿57ABSTRACTThe problem of “talented person” has always been what enterprises most concern. As competition intensifies, how to keep talented people stay has been the problem for human resource administrators
7、 to grip with. In solving this problem, it is normal to reduce turnover rate by improving staffs job satisfaction, while it is a difficult problem to build and to keep this psychological balance. The concept of Psychological Contract was introduced into management domain in the early 1960s, and it g
8、radually caused worldwide concern; domestic and foreign scholars have realized that an implied informal “psychological contract” exists between employees and organizations, except for formal economic contract contents, and both of them regulate the relationship between staff and enterprises.This the
9、sis takes Bank A Dalian Branch as the research sample, and makes a research on staff in this bank with self-designed questionnaires. The thesis analyzes and tests the research data with statistical analysis tool SPSS17.0, in order to study on the relationship among psychological contract, job satisf
10、action and turnover intention, hoping to find ways to improve staffs job satisfaction and to reduce staffs turnover intention from the point of psychological contract.This thesis consists of four parts:Part one introduces research question and its signification;Part two reviews domestic and foreign
11、scholars research findings about relevant variables;Part three puts forward research framework and assumptions on the basis of summarizing previous relevant research. It also discusses about the relationship among psychological contract, job satisfaction and turnover intention though analyzing resea
12、rch data of the sample.According to positive analysis, part four draws out the final model, and offers suggestions in views of corresponding conclusions.The following conclusions are drawn out through positive analysis in this thesis:For the first conclusion, generally the degree of psychological co
13、ntract is comparatively high, so are job satisfaction, staff stability, and total satisfaction; while turnover intension is not so strong.Secondly, different personal attribute influences his or her psychological contract, job satisfaction and turnover intension with a different degree. Age factor h
14、as significant effects on staffs psychological contract and its three dimensions, and job satisfaction; education level presents obvious differences only on the developmental dimension of psychological contract; length of service can influence staffs psychological contract, job satisfaction and turn
15、over intension obviously; while none of gender, department and position has any marked effect on those factors.Thirdly, staffs psychological contract has positive correlation with job satisfaction, so does each of its three dimensions; staffs psychological contract has obvious negative correlation w
16、ith turnover intension, so does each of its three dimensions. A obvious negative correlation exists between job satisfaction and turnover intension.Fourthly, different dimension of staffs psychological contract has different effect on job satisfaction. Among the three dimensions, interpersonal dimen
17、sion has the highest predictability to job satisfaction, developmental dimension the second, normative dimension the third.The fifth point lies in that staffs psychological contract has predictability to turnover intension through job satisfaction.As for the innovation of this thesis, it has proved
18、that psychological contract influences turnover intension through job satisfaction, and it has checked out different predictabilities from three dimensions of psychological contract. These innovations have strong significance on helping enterprises manage with a clear aim.There still leaves much to
19、be desired: firstly, about the research object, due to the condition limitation, it only takes one bank instead of all banks in Dalian as the research sample, resulting in limitation in research conclusion. Secondly, about variables, due to authors limited research ability, it only studies on staffs
20、 psychological contract, omitting organizations psychological contract. Key words: Psychological Contract, Job satisfaction, Turnover intention目 录1 绪论11.1 研究背景11.2 研究目的21.3 研究方法和过程21.3.1 研究方法21.3.2 研究过程21.4 本文创新点42 相关理论研究综述52.1 心理契约相关理论综述52.1.1 心理契约的概念和发展52.1.2 心理契约的内容和结构72.1.3 心理契约的类型72.1.4 心理契约的测量
21、92.2 工作满意度相关理论综述92.2.1 工作满意度的涵义92.2.2 员工满意度的理论基础122.2.3 工作满意度的影响因素142.2.4 工作满意度的测量152.3 离职相关理论综述162.3.1 离职的涵义162.3.2 离职模型162.3.3 离职意愿的测量192.4 心理契约、员工满意度与离职意愿关系相关研究回顾193 实证研究213.1 研究设计213.1.1 研究对象213.1.2 基本概念界定213.1.3 研究假设223.2 数据获取及处理方法243.2.1 量表设计243.2.2 调查样本分析243.2.3 信度和效度分析263.3数据分析273.3.1各变量的总体状
22、况273.3.2差异分析283.3.3 相关分析353.3.4 回归分析374 研究结论及建议404.1 研究结论404.1.1 实证研究结论及分析404.1.2 前期假设检验424.1.3 研究模型424.2 管理建议434.3 研究局限及展望47附 录48参考文献51后 记551 绪论1 绪论1.1 研究背景“人”的问题从来都是企业要不断面对的问题,随着经济发展速度的不断加快,企业对于人才的需求也在不断加大,如何留住千方百计寻找到的人才业已成为人力资源管理工作者急需解决的问题。根据前程无忧发布的2009企业离职与调薪调研报告,2009年我国19个行业的员工离职率平均为15.9%,为五年来最
23、低,其中员工主动离职率占离职总人数的88.7%;同时报告预测,随着经济复苏2010年19大行业的离职率将会上升。在此情形下,企业员工主动离职问题不可避免,企业的人力资源部门面临的问题越来越严峻。企业的人力资源管理部门在关注员工主动离职这一问题时,必须明确员工与企业间的关系不仅仅是通过一纸书面合同来确定,隐含的、非正式的“心理契约”也从中起着不可或缺的作用,Schein(1980)同样认为,心理契约决定着员工对待组织的态度与行为。尤其是在中国,在东方文化道义为先的观念下,心理契约的维系方式就显得更为重要。除此之外, Porter & Steers(1974)认为,员工离职研究不应忽视退缩过程的心
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- 关 键 词:
- 员工 心理 契约 工作 满意 离职 意愿 关系 研究
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