中考复习名词公开课ppt课件.ppt

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1、,2017年中考英语语法专项复习,Grammar Revision 名 词,(Nouns),石桥铺中学 廖文娟,学习目标,1、知道名词的分类2、学会区分可数名词与不可数名词3、掌握可数名词及复数的变化规则4、掌握不可数名词及数量的表达法,1.什么是名词（noun）,名词(noun)及其分类,名词是词类的一种，是表示人或事物名称的词。,2. 名词（noun）的分类,、表示某一特定的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。、表示独一无二的事物。、前面一般不加冠词。、首字母要大写。,专有名词,表示日子的专有名词,December 十二月Spring Festival 春节,表示地名的专有名

2、词,Asia 亚洲China 中国Beijing 北京,表示人的专有名词,表示地名的专有名词,the United Nations联合国Tsinghua University清华大学,Yao Ming 姚明Newton 牛顿Beckham 贝克汉姆,返回,个体名词,集体名词,抽象名词,物质名词,表示个体的人或事物的词,表示一群人或一些事物的词,表示行为、品质、感情或状态等抽象概念的词,表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词,是无法分为个体的实物,个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词,归纳总结,可数名词的单数形式 一般可用a来修饰 * a

3、 car *a book 在元音发音或字母a.e.i.o开头的单词前用 an an elephant an apple an hour an island 请区别：a useful machine,可数名词,变,复,数,单,数,规则变化,carsbooks oranges,1.一般情况下直接加s,在清辅音后读/ s/，在浊辅音和元音后读/z/，在ce,ze,se，(d)ge等结尾的词后读/iz/.,car - book- orange-,Formulas 寻找规律,2. 以 s,x, ch, sh等结尾的名词,在词尾加 es，读/iz/。,foxesclasseswatcheswishes,f

4、ox class watch wish,party -family -boy -toy -,parties familiesboys toys,y,i,es,3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变 为 再加 ，读/iz/,4 以f或fe尾的名词，将 或 变成ves,读/vz/.,wivesknivesleaves,wife -knife -leaf -,f,fe,妻子,刀,狼,小偷,架,己,命,树叶,wife,knife,wolf,thief,shelf,self,life,leaf,半,half,妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保已命，半片树叶遮目光,5.以o结尾的单词,potatoes

5、,mangoes,tomatoes,Negroes黑人,heroes英雄,5.以o结尾的单词，加es的只有5个，其余的全部在词尾加s，都读/z/.Negro,hero,potato,tomato,mango黑人、英雄、爱吃土豆、西红柿、芒果,两人两蔬一果(都是有生命的),规则总结1.一般情况下直接加S2. 以 s,x, ch, sh等结尾的名词,在词尾加es3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变 y为i，再加es。4,以f或fe结尾的名词，将ffe变成ves5.以o结尾的单词，加es的只有5个：Negro,hero,potato,tomato,mango,与众不同,a pair of sciss

6、ors,a pair of chopsticks,a pair of sports shoes,a pair of pants,一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况 (1)将中心词变为复数 girlfriend girlfriends grandchild grandchildren (2) man,woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数 a man doctor men doctors a woman teacher women teachers,特别注意：,真题训练,1.There are some _ (potato)in the basket.2.Look! There are a

7、 lot of _(leaf)on the ground.3.She has three _ (boy).4.There are a few _ (people)in the room.5.There are two _ (baby)in the picture.6.These_(watch)and _(clock)are made in China.7.There are three _ (country)in North America,Canada,the United States and Mexico.,potatoes,leaves,boys,people,babies,watch

8、es,clocks,countries,不规则变化,W,M O M,t,d,C g,Cj,f,f,sheep(sheep),woman(women),man(men),ox(oxen),mouse(mice),child(children),foot(feet),Japanese(Japanese),tooth(teeth),deer(deer),Chinese(Chinese),goose(geese),fish(fish),Formulas寻找规律谁有火眼金金,不规则总结1.单复数同形sheep(复)sheep, Japanese（复）Japanese2.oo-eegoose（复）gees

9、e3.aeman（复）men4.以en结尾child(复）children5.mouse-mice,变man为 men policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人) Germans human(人类)-humans,用名词的正确形式填空1 He cut the apple into _ (half).2 The _ (potato) are mine.3 How many _ (family) are there in this town?4 There are ten _ (deer) on the farm.5 These

10、_ (German) are _ (businessman).6 Last week we went to the _ (child) Park.,halves,potatoes,families,deer,Germans,businessmen,Childrens,比一比谁厉害,不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。 特别记住housework news work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information medicine,不可数名词一般包

11、括物质或抽象概念的名词，可归纳如下：,1.表材料wood,meat,paper,gold2.表抽象information,knowledge,news,advice3.表食物food,fruit,water,coffee,milk4.表总称furniture,clothing5.表自然air,wind,rain,snow6.表学科Chinese,Japese,English,math,physics7.表示时间金钱距离的词,既可做可数名词，又做不可数名词的：,可数名词 不可数名词,a paper paper 纸a glass glass 玻璃 an iron iron 铁 a room roo

12、m 空间 a chicken chicken 鸡肉 a beauty beauty 美 a youth youth 青春a fish fish 鱼肉,一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人一个青年一条鱼,1.There_some_intheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish2.There_two_inthebox.A.is,watch B.are,watches C.are,watch D.is,watches3.Weshouldclean_twiceaday.A.ourtooth B.ourtooths C.our tee

13、th D.ourteeths,易错题练练看,、可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。、单数名词与冠词a/an连用。表示数量为“一”、可数名词有复数形式，表示数量“大于一”。可以用数词来修饰复数名词，来表示名词的具体数量。如果要表示可数名词的不确切的数量，可以用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of等修饰。,可数名词的特点,1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数 *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a

14、lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home.,不可数名词的特点,如何判断该词是可数名词还是不可数名词,先将这个名词所表示的东西一分为二， 若每一半不能再叫原来的名称时， 这个名词就是可数名词(如desk)；反之， 若每一半还可以叫原来的名称时， 这个名词就是不可数名词(如meat)。,【例1】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car, because there are already five people. A.lan

15、d B.ground C.room D.floor【例2】 I am thirsty. Would you bring me_, please? A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs,考点探究,易错题连连看,1.Theoldmanwants_.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofapple C. sixboxofapples D.sixboxsofapples2. There_ in the fridge.A. two bag of salt B.two bags of saltsC. two bags o

16、f salt D.two bag of salts,Quick Response 快速反应Say the plural forms of the countable nouns,job _ 2.cake _ 3.bread _4.baby _ 5.lady _ 6.key_7.box _ 8.match _ 9.brush _10.leaf _ 11.knife _ 12.shelf _13.potato_ 14.photo _ 15.radio _16.people_ 17.police _ 18.news _19.tooth _ 20.child _ 21.day _,jobs,cakes

17、,babies,ladies,keys,boxes,matches,brushes,leaves,knives,shelves,potatoes,photos,radios,people,police,teeth,children,days,Thank you !,2017年中考英语语法专项复习,Grammar Revision 名 词,(Nouns),石桥铺中学 廖文娟,学习目标,1、复习名词的分类和可数名词复数的变化规则2、学会区分可数名词与不可数名词3、掌握不可数名词及量的表达法4.名词所有格的用法,1.什么是名词（noun）,名词(noun)及其分类,名词是词类的一种，是表示人或事物名

18、称的词。,2. 名词（noun）的分类,Quick Response 快速反应Say the plural forms of the countable nouns,job _ 2.cake _ 3.bread _4.baby _ 5.lady _ 6.key_7.box _ 8.match _ 9.woman _10.leaf _ 11.knife _ 12.shelf _13.human_ 14.photo _ 15.hero _16.people_ 17.police _ 18.news _19.tooth _ 20.child _ 21.day _,jobs,cakes,babies,

19、ladies,keys,boxes,matches,women,leaves,knives,shelves,humans,photos,heroes,people,police,teeth,children,days,如何区分可数名词还是不可数名词,先将这个名词所表示的东西一分为二， 若每一半不能再叫原来的名称时， 这个名词就是可数名词(如desk)；反之， 若每一半还可以叫原来的名称时， 这个名词就是不可数名词(如meat)。,1.用巧妙方法区别,2.着重记忆不可数名词,不可数名词量化的表示,比一比谁最快,1.Theoldmanwants_.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixbo

20、xesofapple C. sixboxofapples D.sixboxsofapples2. There_ in the fridge.A. two bag of salt B.two bags of saltsC. two bags of salt D.two bag of salts,常见的修饰可数名词复数的限定词：,these这些；those那些；few几乎没有；a few一些；many许多；too many太多的；a (great/large) number of大量的；scores of大量/许多；dozens of几十/许多；hundreds of/thousands of 许

21、多大于1的具体基数词(如：35 pens),3.根据修饰词判断,常见的修饰不可数名词的限定词：,this这个；that那个；little几乎没有；a little一点儿；a bit of一点儿；much许多；too much太多的；数词/不定冠词表数量的名词of(如：two cups of tea/milk, two glasses of water, a piece of paper),1.In Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box2.There are

22、four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans3.She was born in Wuhan,but Wenzhou has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 4.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news,A,D,A,B,及时反馈,Lilys fath

23、erToms booksJanes and Marias desks,名词的所有格,名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所属关系。意为“ 的 ”,1. Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is Chinas capital. 2. This is Mary and her sisters bedroom. Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.3. These are Toms and Lilys bags.4. She is the two boys mother. 5. the door of the room the lea

24、ves of the tree6. the girls name=the name of the girl7. He is a friend of my brothers.,看例题识所有格,它有三种形式：s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。,的,1.s 所有格的构成,2. of 所有格的构成 “名词+of+名词”便构成了of所有格，此结构通常用来表示无生命事物的名词。如： a map of China一张中国地图 the gate of the school学校的大门,3. 双重所有格的构成 双重所有格由“of+名词-s”或“of+名词性物主代词”构成。如： a friend of my fat

25、hers 我父亲的一个朋友 a photo of mine 我的一张照片,名词所有格【考点探究】1. How far is your cousins home from here? Its about twodrive. A. hoursB. hoursC. hoursD. hour2. mothers cant go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on business. A. Alice and Lilys B. Alices and LilysC. Alices and Lily D. Alice and Lily,

26、( )1. I found _ good news in _ newspaper. A. a, a B.a piece of , a piece of C.a, a piece of D. a piece of , a( )2. What _ it is today! A. a fine weather B. fine weather C. fine a weather D. the fine weather( )3. To their _ , they have all passed the exam. A. surprise B. surprising C. surprises D. su

27、rprised,D,B,A,提升自我,( )4. Lucy is _ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jacks( )5. Please make _ for him. He is very tired. A. any room B. any room C. some rooms D. some room( )6. The model plane was made by a _ boy. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older C. ten-year

28、-old D. ten-year old,D,D,C,( ) 7. He went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes. A shoes store B shoe store C shoes store D shoes store ( ) 8. I will give you _ to finish it. A two weeks time B two weeks time C two week time D two weeks time( ) 9. The two bedroom are the _. A twins B twins C twins D twins

29、,B,B,C,( ) 10. This is an old photo of mine when I _. A have short hairs B had short hairs C have short hair D had short hair( ) 11. I think the country is much more beautiful than any other _ in the world. A country B countries C the country D the countries( ) 12. Johns uncle has many friends. Mr.

30、Shute is a friend of _. A Johns uncle B John uncles C Johns uncles D John uncle,D,A,C,Thank you !,、可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。、单数名词与冠词a/an连用。表示数量为“一”、可数名词有复数形式，表示数量“大于一”。可以用数词来修饰复数名词，来表示名词的具体数量。如果要表示可数名词的不确切的数量，可以用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of等修饰。,可数名词(Countable nouns)的特点,1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成

31、单数 Some bread is over there. No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词 They had much money. He does little housework at home.,不可数名词(Uncountable nouns)的特点,看例题识所有格,1. Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is Chinas capital.,2. This is Mary and her sist

32、ers bedroom. Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.,3. These are Toms and Lilys bags.,4. She is the two boys mother.,5. the door of the room the leaves of the tree,6. the girls name=the name of the girl,7. He is a friend of my brothers.,的,名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系) (1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。 不是以s结尾的名词变成所

33、有格时，在词尾加s。 egMikes watch；Womens Day 以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加。 egteachersoffice，studentsrooms 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s。 egTom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房) 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s。 eg.Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车),(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构 ega map Of China，the beginning Of th

34、is game，the door Of the room(3)特殊形式 可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格 egthe boys name=the name Of the boy(男孩的名字) the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿) Chinas population=the population Of China(中国的人口) Chinas capital=the capital of China(中国的首都) 双重所有格 ega fiend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友 a picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片,名词所有格的构成：（

35、1）单数名词 构成s所有格的方法 直接在词尾+s（2）复数名词词尾如果没有s，构成s所有格的方法 直接在词尾+s（3）复数名词词尾如果有s，构成s所有格的方法 直接在词尾+（4）表示几个主语共有一样东西，所有格的构成方法是 在最后一个主语后+s表示几个主语各自拥有一件东西，所有格的构成方法是 在每个主语后都+s,（5）通常情况下，表示无生命的东西的所有格 应用“名词+of+名词”所有格形式（6）双重所有格。如果在表示所属的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of+所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词的形式”，即双重所有格。,返回,可数名词-复数变化不规则的,变化1,manwomange

36、ntlemanEnglishmanbusinessmanpoliceman,menwomengentlemenEnglishmenbusinessmenpolicemen,1类：ae,2类：ooee,3类：ouseice,4类：词尾加(r)en,变化2,foottoothgoose,feetteethgeese,变化3,mouse,mice,变化4,childox,childrenoxen,变化5,sheepdeerworksseriesspeciesChineseaircraft,sheepdeerworksseriesspeciesChineseaircraft,5类：单复数同形,1.单复

37、数同形的单词有：,Chinese,Japanese,fish,deer,sheep,归,纳,总,结,中日人民爱护鱼鹿羊,2.oo-ee,foot,feet,tooth,teeth,goose,geese,3.a-e,man,men,woman,women,4.以en结尾,child,children,ox,oxen,5.,mouse,mice,human,humans,6.,German,Germans,【用法表解】1. 名词所有格的构成,The girls schoolbag is nice. 这个女孩的书包很漂亮.The teachers office is over there. 老师们

38、的办公室在那里。There are many childrens books in the shop. 在这家商店里有许多儿童读物。This is Tom and Peters room. 这是汤姆和彼得的房间。These are Toms and Peters shoes. 这些是汤姆和彼得的鞋子。todays paper今天的报纸,2.of表示的所有格形式(1)一般用于没有生命的东西。 the title of the article(2)用于较长的定语修饰的有生命的东西。 the name of that boy over there(3)双重所有格形式。 a friend of my

39、mothers,3. 双重所有格在同一个名词词组中同时具备“s”或of两种所有格叫双重所有格。双重所有格表示of前面的内容与其后面的内容是同类的。,4.名词作定语 大多数情况下用单数，某些名词用复数。 a history lesson; a sports meeting Can you list more?,看我“七十二变”,归纳总结,名词+ly 名词+ful名词+y名词+less名词+ous,构成表不同意思的形容词,Lets do exercises happily and confidently!,Ten years _ (is ,are) short time for me.A pair

40、 of shoes _ (is, are) under the bed.The number of the students in our school _ (is ,are) 2,000.The woman with two children _ ( is, are) coming here.Neither he nor I _ (are, am ) an American.,is,is,is,is,am,指点迷津,6. Maths _ (are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.7. They are all _ ( woman, teachers; wome

41、n teachers).The population of China _ (are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.,is,is,women teachers,1.Several _ are talkingabout their under the tree.A. woman;children B. woman;child C. women;children 2.How far is your school from here? Not very farIts about twenty _ walk.（2000杭州） A. minutes B. minutes C. min

42、utes,C,C,典型例题解析,3. There are three _ in my family. (2004长春） A.people B. person C. child4 .Excuse me, where is the_? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms,A,A,The Browns is going to visit China. ( )The Browns are going to visit China. ( )The young is dancing there. ( )The young are dan

43、cing there. ( )Physics are very difficult to learn. ( ),典型例题解析(T or F),Physics is very difficult to learn. ( )We have five Germen in this meeting. ( )We have five Germans in this meeting. ( )This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ( )This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( ),T,T,T,

44、F,F,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. One of the students (have) gone to Shanghai.7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would y

45、ou like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. Jim has some . (knife)12. The girl under the tree is a friend of (Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,has,months,tomatoes,people,women,knives,Lucys,NOUN.,Summary,名词1.可数名词及其单复数（变复数的规则变化和不规则变化）2.不可数名词3

46、.名词所有格4.名词的变化,Homework:1.Make sentences with five plural words.2.Recite the rules of the countable plural nouns.,【考点探究】 They are from. Theyre. A. Germany; Germans B. Germans; Germany C. German; Germany D. Germany; Germen,The students of Grade7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _there.A.bird B.duck C.s

47、heep D.rabbit,(many后面应修饰可数名词复数，sheep的复数形式还是sheep。),check your homework非洲 美国澳大利亚德国印度伦敦图书馆操场报纸地理物理科学学科活动音乐历史注意 ,社区车站一月八月九月十月二月十一月十二月星期二星期三星期六星期四正方形圆形温度叶子,邻居超市铁路圣诞节天气季节雨伞假期节日饺子风秋天冬天分钟兴趣名胜,AfricaAmericaAustraliaGermanyIndiaLondonlibraryplaygroundnewspapergeographyphysicssciencesubjectactivitymusichistor

48、yattention,communitystationJanuaryAugustSeptemberOctoberFebruaryNovemberDecemberTuesdayWednesdaySaturdayThursdaysquarecircletemperatureleaf,neighborsupermarketrailwayChristmasweatherseasonumbrellaholidayfestivaldumplingwindautumnwinterminuteinterestplaces of interest,要点、考点聚焦典型考题易错题解析课时训练,名 词,石桥铺中学 廖

49、文娟,中考专项复习,如何表示不可数名词的量 表示不可数名词的数量时，通过可数的词来表示其量,表示结构为“数词+表量的名词+of+不可数名词”。 如：a piece of bread-two pieces of bread a bag of rice-three bags of rice a bottle of ink-five bottles of ink a piece of news-four pieces of news a box of milk- two boxes of milk a piece of advice, a block of ice, a piece of work,

50、 a cup of tea a basket of food, a drop of water,如： A piece of meat is on the table. Two pieces of meat are on the table. 2.可用不定量的词来表示量： much money, some rice, most corn a little water, a bit of milk, some paper, a great deal of water , all work , little time, lots of money, a lot of time,常见不可数名词 1.