英语词汇讲义课件.ppt
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1、词 汇,构词法:转化(词类之间):在词类转化 中,重音发生变化。较常见的是一些双音节词,词形不变,重音位置为“名前动后”;派生(加前后缀);合成(由两个或更多的词合为一个新词),类型:单词拼写(填字母组合),单选(近义词辨析、固定搭配、习惯用语等),完形填空 (词义辨析),阅读理解,写作,基数词与序数词的转换,one- two- three- four- five- nine- twelve- twenty- twenty-one- ninety nineteen fourteen forty,first,second,third,fourth,fifth,ninth,twelfth,twen
2、tieth,twenty-first,部分特殊的可数名词复数形式,woman- tooth- foot- goose-tobacco - piano- photo- radio-chief- belief- thief - roof-child- sheep- deer- mouse-,women,teeth,feet,geese,tobaccos,pianos,photos,radios,chiefs,beliefs,thieves,roofs,children,sheep,deer,mice,月 份 及 星 期,January February March April May June J
3、uly August September October November December,Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday,日 常 交 际 英 语,日常交际用语组成部分:1功能意念部分包括问候,介绍,告别,感谢和应答,祝愿、祝贺和应答,邀请和应答,提供(帮助等)和应答,约会,意原和希望,请求、允许和应答;同意和不同意,喜好和厌恶,决断和坚持,判断和意见,职责,能力,偏爱,责备和抱怨,肯定和不肯定,禁止和警告,可能和不可能,预见、猜测和相信,请求,劝告和建议,许诺,提醒,表示焦虑,表示惊奇,表示喜悦等三十余项。2
4、情景场所部分包括谈论天气,购物,问路和应答,问时间、日期和应答,就餐,打电话,传递信息,看病,求救,语言困难,标志和说明等十余项。,日常交际用语的语境与应用语言的应用不是静止的、机械的,所谓的“真实英语”也就是指来源于生活实际的应用语言,因此,语言知识和应用能力也必定在实践中得到提高。应用意味着什么?概括地讲,就是特定的语境,而具体地讲,则包括:1特定的时间、地点和环境2特定的目的和动机3特定的参与人4特定的生活角色扮演5特定的行动过程6特定的内心过程7特定的信息处理过程8特定的结果只有在特定的语境中语言才显示出它真正的意义。交际用语就是在上述特定语境中的语言应用。只有不断积累语言知识,才能达
5、到语言运用能力的提高。,能 力 技 巧 拓 展,1. Thank you. I certainly will. A. Give them a hand, OK ? B. Please give my regards to your parents. C. Shall I help you with your math? D. Dont forget to post the letter. 2. Its been a long time. ? Much better since I met you last time. A. How are you B. How do you do things
6、C. Hows everything going D. How have you been3. Would you like me to give you a hand ? . A. Yes, but I can do it B. No, thanks. I can manage it myselfC. Yes, I can manage it myself D. Help me right now4. Shall I wake you up at eight ? Yes, . A. please do B. you shall C. you will D. you may,5. ? Fish
7、ing. A. What do you think you like best B. Do you think what you like bestC. Which do you think you like best D. Do you think what you can do well6. Im sorry to have shouted at you. I didnt mean to be so rude. You were very angry. Anyway, . youre welcome B. thats right C. it doesnt matter D. Im sorr
8、y about that7. Could I use your computer ? . A. Sure. Go ahead B. Of course you couldC. Sorry, you may not D. No, you mustnt8. Id like to invite you to the ball this weekend, Miss Smith. . A. Oh, dont be so kind B. Id rather stay at homeC. Im sorry, but I have to study then D. Oh, no. Thatll be a wa
9、ste of time.,9. You must be excited about going to France for schooling. , but Im afraid I cant do well because my French is poor. Never mind B. Well, I ought to be C. I dont know yet D. Certainly not10. John, youve never been to the Great Wall since you came to China, Im afraid. . A. No, Ive just b
10、een there with Mary. B. Yes, never. How about you ?C. No, but how I wish to! D. Yes, but Id like to as soon as possible. 11. Take this medicine three times a day and you soon. . A. are right; Thank you B. will be well; ThanksC. will be quite yourself; Its all right D. are feeling better; Youre welco
11、me12. Charles sends his best wishes. . A. Its nice of him B. Oh, hes too politeC. Its kind of him to say so D. Youre really kind to me,13. Excuse me, could you tell me if there is a hospital near here ? . A. Yes, why not B. No, I couldntC. Sorry, Im a stranger here D. My pleasure14. Dont forget to c
12、ome to my birthday party tomorrow. . (NMET94)A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent15. Dont all speak at once! . (NMET94)Each at one time B. One by one time C. Dont be sorry D. One at a time,节 日中国主要节日翻译,(1月1日) New Years Day (农历一月一日) the Spring Festival (农历一月十五日) the Lantern Festival (3月8日) Intern
13、ational Working Womens Day (3月12日) Arbor Day(3月20日) Postal Day (4月5日) Ching Ming Festival; Tomb-sweeping Festival (5月1日) International Labour Day (5月4日) Youth Day (5月12日)Nurses Festival (农历五月初五) the Dragon Boat Festival (6月1日) International Childrens Day (7月1日) the Partys Birthday (8月1日) the Armys D
14、ay (农历八月十五) Mid-Autumn (Moon) Festival (9月10日) Teachers Day (农历九月九日) Double-ninth Day (10月1日) National Day (农历十二月三十日) New Years Eve,节 日西方主要节日翻译,January 1 New Years Day 15 Martin Luther King Jr.s BirthdayFebruary 12 Lincolns Birthday 14 Valentines Day 16 Presidents DayMarch 8 International Womens Day
15、April 1 April Fools Day 10 Good Friday ,Arbor Day Easter May 6 NursesDay Mothers Day June 14 Flag Day (美国国旗纪念日) Fathers DayJuly 4 Independence Day (美国独立日)September Labor Day October 11 National Childrens Day 31 Halloween (万圣节前夜)November 3 Election Day 11 Veterans Day (退伍军人节) ThanksgivingDecember 14
16、First Day of Hanukkah 25 Christmas (圣诞节),派生前缀,1.表示否定意义的前缀 :,1)纯否定前缀 :dis- dishonest, dislike, discover, disappear, disable, disagree, disadvatage, disappoint, disorder in-, il-, im-, ir- incapable, inability, independent, indefinite, illiterate, illegible, illegal, impossible, immoral, impatient, ir
17、regular, irrelevant, irresponsibilitynon- nonsense, nonstopun- unable, unemployment, unhappy,2)表示错误的意义:mis- mistake, mislead, misconduct, misunderstandpseudo- pseudonym, pseudoscience,3)表示反动作的意思:de- defend, dis- disarm, disconnect un- unload, uncover,4)表示相反,相互对立意思: anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antifo
18、reign(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy with-, withdraw, withstand,2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀,1)a- 表示“在之上”,“向” aboard, aside2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转” cir
19、cumstance, circuit4)de-, 表示“在下,向下” degrade5)en-, 表示“在内,进入” encage, enbed(上床)6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外” exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外” extraction (提取)8)fore- 表示“在前面” forehead9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于” inland, invade, inside, import10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在间,相互” international, inte
20、raction, internet11)intro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧” introduce, introduce,12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中间” Mediterranean, midposition13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外” outline, outside, outward14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上” overlook, overhead, overboard15)post-, 表示“向后,在后边,次” postscript(附言),16)pre-, 表示“在前”在前面” prefix, preface, pre
21、position17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前” progress, proceed18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下” subway, suffix, suppress, supplement19)super-, sur-, 表示“在.之上” superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-, 表示“移上,转上,在那一边” translate, transform, 21)under-, 表示“在.下面,下的” underline, underground, un
22、derwater22)up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡),3. 表示时间,序列关系的前缀,1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前,早于,预先” anticipate2)ex-, 表示“先,故,旧” expresident, exhusband3)fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面” foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中,中间” midnight, midsummer5)post-“表示“在后,后” postwar, postgraduate6)pre-, pri-,
23、 表示“在前,事先,预先” preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-, 表示“在前,先,前” prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)8)re-, 表示“再一次,重新” retell, rewrite review,4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀,1)by-, 表示“副,次要的” byproduct, bywork(副业)2)extra-,表示“超越,额外” extraordinary3)hyper- 表示“超过,极度” hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)4)out-,表示“超过,过分” outdo(超过), outbid(
24、出价过高的人)5)over-,表示“超过,过度,太” overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低,次,副,亚” subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)7)super-, sur- 表示“超过” supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-,表示“低劣,低下” undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)9)vice- 表示“副,次” vicepresident, vicechairman,5
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