二代测序简介课件.ppt
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1、,第二代测序技术简介,公司理念:毅新兴业以生命科学研究为本,致力于科学技术服务,为客户提供完美的科研平台 。,基因组 SNPs(包括芯片、massarray) 第二代大规模测序 病毒包装 miRNA表达谱 蛋白组 血清多肽谱 2DE LC-MS(Shotgun法) 代谢组 NMR LC-MS,自主仪器 恒温金属浴 梯度PCR仪 恒温振荡仪Squenom质谱仪SAI质谱仪 MALDI TOF/TOF测序仪:Polonator G.007,试剂自主研发液体蛋白磁珠SBI试剂慢病毒RNA干扰库MicroRNA研究干细胞研究,3,内容提纲,从Sanger法到新一代测序技术第二代测序平台介绍第二代测序技
2、术应用宏基因组学(Metagenomics)泛基因组学(Pangenomics),Key Genomics Technologies,1975 - Southern DNA hybridization technique1977 - Sangers chain-termination and Maxam、Gilberts chemical DNA sequencing methods1980 - Automated in situ oligonucleotide synthesis instrument1985 - Mulliss discovery of PCR at Cetus1992 -
3、 Affymatrix (Fodors group) first gene-chip1995 - ABIs first automated DNA sequencer2006 - 2nd generation DNA sequencer on market2007 and beyond Single molecule sequencing techniques,Sangers Method,Labeled primer (1)Sequence reactions (4)Sequence separations (4)Sequence read-out,1st-Generation Automa
4、ted DNA Sequencer,Parallel runs on 96 capillaries on ABI 3700,Limitation of 1st Gen Sequencer,Throughput Time-consuming separation of chain-terminated fragmentsHard to produce massively parallel system based electrophoretic separation Sequencing CostSample handling Difficult to miniaturize,Need for
5、Faster and Cheaper Sequencing Technology,Personal Genome Project,Trends in Next-Generation Sequencing,Large-scale and high-throughputAmplification on solid surface Cluster generation (bridge or polony amplification )Emulsion PCR (fragment on beads)In situ sequencing by chain extensionSequence by syn
6、thesis DNA polymerase Sequence by ligation DNA ligaseMassively parallel processingArray of clusters, beadsMiniaturization through microfluidicSingle molecule detection,测序技术目标,陈竺,日本血吸虫基因组,人类全基因组测序的目标:1000美元/人2008年预测5年内实现,2006年底,美国X大奖基金会设立了基因组Archon X大奖,奖金高达1000万美元。这项大奖将颁给第一个能在10天之内,用不到100万美元的费用,完成100
7、个人类基因组测序的团队。附加条件是覆盖率不小于98%,误差不大于1/100000 bp。,Next-Gen Platforms,GA Illumina/SolexaSBS with reversible fluorescent terminatorsGS FLX Roche/454 Life SciencesSBS through pyrosequencing SOLiD ABI/AgencourtSBL with dual base encodingPOLONATOR Danaher MotionSBL with base encoding,Next-Gen Sequencing Workf
8、low,Fragment Library PreparationRandomPair-end,2nd Generation Performance,Roche/454 Life Sciences Genome Sequencer,Roche/454 Workflow,DNA Library PrepDNA FragmentEnd repairedAsymetric Adaptors ligated (one biotinylated)Immobilized on streptavidin coated magnetic beadsDenatured - ss template DNA libr
9、aryPurified,Emulsion AmplificationTemplate DNA immobilized on primer coated capture beads thru hybridization (1 fragment on each bead)Thermocyle to amplify (forward primer is biotinylated)Amplified beads enriched with streptavidin coated magnetic beads,Roche/454 Workflow,Bead DepositionOne amplified
10、 bead per microwellFollowed by enzyme beads and packing beadsEnzyme beadsSulfurylaseLuciferasePacking beads help to keep DNA bead in microwell,Pyrosequencing4 nucleotides sequentially flow inIncorporation of a nucleotide releases a pyrophosphate (PPi)Sufurylase convert PPi into ATPATP hydrolized by
11、luciferase using luciferin to produce light,Pyrosequencing,Convert PPi to ATP,Use ATP to generate light,Remove (d)NTPs and excess ATP,Roche/454 Workflow,Image AcquisitionBy CCD camera coupled to the picotiterplateChemiluminescent intensity reflects number of nucleotide incorporated in each flow; use
12、d to determine homopolymer regionUp to 100 cycles repeated,Post-acq ProcessingDe novo sequencingResequencingAmplicon variant analysis,Image ProcessingChemiluminescent event maped to wellFlowgram generated for each wellBase called,Roche/454 Life Sciences Genome Sequencer, 速度快,一个测序反应耗时10个小时,获得100余万个读长
13、和4-6亿个碱基对。 测序读长最长,单个序列的读长更长,平均可达到400-500个碱基左右 准确度高,读长超过400bp时,单一读长的准确性可以超过99%; 一致性好,测序结果一致性超过99.99%; 可以进行PairEnd测序研究;,功能强大的基因组分析工具 Polonator G.007,Polonator系统是由Dr. George Church和他的研究小组发明,该系统使用了美国最先进试剂处理和检测的部件,采用了最敏感的检测设备,现在已发展成为一个包含多个基因组学应用领域的研究平台,并且承担了美国“Personal Genome Project”的个人基因组测序任务。Polonator
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