高一英语必修三知识点归纳ppt课件.ppt

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1、,必修三知识点,总结内容1.各单元短语，和易混词辨析和经典句型3.各单元单词和构词法4.重点语法5.作文,Unit 1,1.盛装；打扮；装饰2.好像3.使想起4.爱上5.扔掉6是很显然的7.导致，通向8.打算做9.意味着10.在某方面钦佩某人,1. dress up 2. as though 3. remind . of .4. fell in love5.Throw away6.It was obvious that7.Lead to8.mean to do sth9.mean doing sth10.admire sb for sth,11.出现，到场12.守信用，履行诺言13.屏息，屏气

2、14.出发，动身15.纪念，缅怀16.发生17.搞恶作剧18.期望19.日夜，整天20.玩得开心,11.turn up12.keep ones word13.hold ones breath14.set off15.in memory of16.take place 17.play a trick on18.look forward to19.day and night20.have fun with =have a good time,1.1). mean doing sth / it means that“意味着”,2). mean to do sth.“打算或企图做某事”,3). mea

3、n sb. to do sth.“打算让某人做某事”，也可以用于被动结构2. take place 发生；举行 in the first place 首先，第一点 in the last place 最后 in ones place 处于某人的位置， in place 放在原来的位置，就位 in place of 代替，,3辨析: award 和reward：award后接双宾语 award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章reward 奖赏, 给报酬, 不能接双宾语;reward sb. for sth. 因 奖赏某人；reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人4.look

4、 forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介词。,5.Set off动身，使爆炸，引起set up 建立 set out to do sth 动身，打算，开始=set about doing sth着手做某事6.Make an apologize to sb for （doing）sth=say sorry to sb for doing sth因某事向某人道歉Forgive sb for sth, Im sorry about/forExcuse me = pardon me= forgive me,7.turn up出现,露面，调大 turn d

5、own关小,拒绝 turn off关掉 turn on打开 turn out结果是 turn to sb. for help向某人求助8.keep ones word 守信用, 遵守诺言 break ones word 违背诺言 in a word 简言之 in other words 换句话说 have a word with sb. 与sb.交谈 have words with sb. (about sth.) 关于sth.与sb.争吵,Unit 2,1.应当；应该2.体重减轻；减肥3.被放过；不受惩4.说谎5.赢回；重新获得6.谋生7.欠债8.消减；删节9.暗中监视；侦查10.不久之后1

6、1.增加体重,ought to 2. lose weight3. get away with 4. tell a lie 5. win . back 6. earn ones living 7. in debt 8. cut down 9. spy on 10. before long11.put on weight,1.“Nothing could be better.” 没有比这更好的了.比较级的否定形式, 表示最高级的含。2. see+宾语+宾补 do 看见事情经过see+宾语+ doing 看见事情正在进行 done 看见.被3.be tired of + n / doing 厌倦 b

7、e tired with / from由于而疲倦表示4.“谋生”的短语：earn a living =earn ones living make a living=make ones living,5.cost 表示某物值花费. sth cost .spend 指人花费. sb spend sth on/in doing sthtake某物/人花费多少时间, it takes sb/sth to do.pay for 付款买. 6.have sb /sth do 使做(主谓关系，一次性动作）have sb/sth doing 使一直做(一直处于某种状态）have sth to do “有某事要

8、做”have sth done 使某事被做7.no more表示数量上或程度上“不再”no longer 表示时间上“不再”延续no longer=not .any longer 不再no more.than .和.一样不（两者都否定）not more.than 不如.(前者不如后者),8. glance/glimpse/glare/stare的区别：glance (at, over) 看一眼 catchget a glimpse of 瞥见glare at sb. 怒视某人 stare atinto 盯着9.1) agree with sb./with ones words 表示同意某人的话

9、或观点, 含有赞赏地、 肯定地对待某事之意。 2) be agreed（on /about sth.） 意为 “达成协议；意见一致”。 3) agree to do sth. 表示“同意做某事” 4) agree 后面接从句,Unit 3,1.抚养；培养；提出2.前进,可以；往下说3.偶然；无意中4.盯着看；凝视5.导致；做出解释6.与此相反；正相反7.冒险8.衣衫褴褛9.关于；至于10.打赌,1. bring up 2. go ahead 3. by accident 4. stare at 5. account for 6.on the contrary 7. take a chance

10、8. in rags 9. as for/to10. make a bet,1.bring about 导致，带来, 造成 bring in 挣得 (钱) ，获利,把带进；引入 bring down 使下降 bring out 推出,使显现2.permit sb to do sth.=allow sb to do sth. 允许某人做某事 Permit doing sth允许做某事3. In fact /actually / as a matter of fact事实上,表示“许多，大量”的其他结构 1） a large amount of amounts of a great/good de

11、al of 2) many a/an a good /great many a good/large number of,+un.,+cn.,3) a lot of/lots of plenty of a quantity of /quantities of amounts of , quantities of 修饰名词做主语时 谓语动词用复数。而many a/an+单数名词 做主语时谓语动词多用单数。 eg. They spent a great deal of money on the car.,+c;u.n.,重点句型：1.一般式：It is/was +被强调部分+ that+其他成分，

12、这种句型称为强调句。（强调部分为人的时候，that可以换为who).一般疑问式：Is /was it +被强调部分+that +其他成分特殊疑问式：疑问词+is/ was+ it + that+其他成分Not until 的强调句式为it is/was not until +强调部分+其他部分.强调结构的判断：如果把it is/was 和that/who去掉，句子成分完整，则是强调句2.thats why=thats the reason why这正是什么的原因,Unit 4,1.及时；终于2.下蛋3.产生；分娩4.轮到某人；接着5.阻止；制止6.挡住（光线）7.感到高兴,感到振奋8.既然；因

13、为9.突发；爆发10.密切注视,当心,in time 2. lay eggs3. give birth to 4. in ones turn 5. prevent . from 6. block out 7. cheer up 8. now that 9. break out 10. watch out,1.阻止某人做某事 : prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. 2.depend on sb =rely on / count on sb. /believe in sb

14、./trust (in) sb. 信任/依赖某人 It (all) depends 看情况而定,3.be off = set off 出发; 动身,shut off 关闭get off 下车take off 脱下turn off 关闭pay off 付清; 还清,与off相关的短语: see sb off 为.送行 kick off 踢球 jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀,4.broke out发生争吵 ，(火灾)发生 break down 打破; 毁掉; 破除; 坍塌; 坏掉break in 破门而入; 打断break away from 脱离政党; 打

15、破陈规 break through 突围; 突破; 冲垮; 克服break up 打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解break ones word/promise 食言; 说话不算数5.与get相关的短语:get along 相处融洽, 进展等get down to 开始认真对待, 考虑get on 上车 get through 到达; 通过; 办完, get to 到达,Lie, lie , lay 的区别如下:,重点句型：1.倍数的三种表达法：1) A + be + 倍数 + as +形容词原级 + as + B. 2) A + be + 倍数 +形容词比较级 + than + B 3) A +

16、 be + 倍数 + the +名词 (size, length, amount) + of + B2.主语+be + adj. + enough+ to do sth“足够可以做某事3. Would you like to do sth.?你愿意做吗？,Unit 5,1.与其；不愿；而不是2. 设法做成3. 对有天赋4.一直5. 远到；直到6. 穿过；检查；经历7.定居；平静；专心于8.看见；瞥见9.在远处10. 在黎明；在拂晓11. 去商业区,rather than 2. manage to do 3. have a gift for4. all the way 5. as far as

17、6. go through 7. settle down 8. catch sight of 9. in the distance10. at dawn 11.go downtown,1. until/till 直到为止 until常与否定句连用, notuntil 直到才 not until 在句首, 主句用倒装 用于强调句It is not until that 2.would rather dothan do, Would dorather than do, Prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做，而不愿做.,掌握一些英语构词法, 对单词的记忆和 理解有很大的帮助

18、, 下面我们将列举 一些常用的构词法: 1. 合成 (Compounding) 2. 转化 (Conversion) 3. 派生 (Derivation),三.英语构词法(Word Formation),1. 合成(Compounding)由两个或更多的词合成一个词, 有的用连字符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起。e.g. wood (木)cut (刻)woodcut (木刻) man (人)kind (种类)mankind (人类) air (空气, 空中)sick (恶心的, 晕的) airsick (晕机的) merry-go-round 旋转木马 up-to-date 最新的 life

19、-size 与真人一般大,复合形容词的构成,复合形容词的构成,复合名词的构成,其他复合词的构成,其他复合词的构成,2. 转化 (conversion)由一种词类转换成另一种词类。（即一般拼写不变, 但是词类发生了变化，有时发音也变化）e.g. water n. 水 - water v. 浇水 dirty adj. 脏的- dirty v. 弄脏,3. 派生(Derivation)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词.1)后缀(suffix)名词后缀-or actor sailor-ist scientist -ment achievement movement-(a)tion preparat

20、ion exception-y difficulty discovery,形容词后缀-ful useful cheerful-able comfortable enjoyable-ed manned cultured-less careless fearless-ive active decisive-an European Indian,动词后缀-ize realize modernize-en widen strengthen,副词后缀-ly really extremely-ward backward eastward,数词后缀-teen fourteen fifteen-ty fort

21、y fifty-th ninth twelfth,表示人和物的名词后缀,抽象名词和集合名词的后缀,形容词后缀,副词后缀,2)前缀(prefix) 一般不造成词类的转变, 只是引起意思的变化e.g. un-(不, 或做相反动作) unhappy undo im-(不) impossible impolite re-(重新) retell rewrite mis-(错误的) misunderstand 个别前缀会引起词类的变化e.g. en-(使得) endanger enlarge a- asleep awake,1)a- 表示“在之上”，“向” aboard, aside,2) by- 表示“

22、附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)3) circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕， 回转” ，circumstance, circuit4) de-, 表示“在下，向下” descend, degrade,表示空间位置, 方向关系的前缀,5)en-, 表示“在内, 进入” encage, 6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外” exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction （提取）8)fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-,

23、ir-, 表示“向内，在内， 背于” inland, invade, inside, import,10) inter-, intel-, 表示“在间, 相 互” international, interaction11) intro-, 表示“向内，在内, 内侧” introduce, introduce12) medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中, 中间” Mediterranean, midposition13) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部, 在外” outline, outside, outward14) over-, 表示“在上面, 在外部，向上” overlook,

24、 overhead,15) post-, 表示“向后, 在后边, 次” postscript(附言)， 16) pre-, 表示“在前”在前面” prefix, preface, preposition17) pro-, 表示“在前, 向前” progress, proceed,18) sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面, 下” subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement,19) super-, sur-, 表示“在之上” superficial, surface, 2

25、0) trans-, 表示“移上, 转上， 在那一边” translate, transform, 21) under-, 表示“在下面, 下的” underline, underground22) up-, 表示“向上, 向上面, 在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡),-ous (adj.) -al (adj.) -tion (n.),religion-danger -humour -courage -,religious,cultural,production,dangerous,national,education,humourous,seasonal,celeb

26、ration,courageous,original,prediction,culture-nation-season-origin-,produce-educate-celebrate-predict-,Discovering useful structures,present presenceviolentconfidentdifferentpatient,violence,confidence,difference,patience,-ence(n.),certainfairpaidlikekind,unkind,uncertain,unfair,unpaid,Unlike prep.（

27、不同）,Un(adj) ，变成反义,cultureglobeuniverseagriculturemathematics,mathematical,cultural,global,universal,agricultural,-al (adj),artphysicschemistrybiologyscience,scientist,artist,physicist,chemist,biologist,-ist (n.),happyfrienddayfortunate,(un)fortunately,happy,friendly,daily,-ly (adv.),homeharm,homeles

28、s,harmless,-less(adj),1. Canada is a multicultural country 。 multi-是一个前缀, 意为“多” multistory _ multiform _ multichannel _ multipurpose _,多层的,多种形式的,多通话线路的, 多波段的,多种用途的,多党的 多国的、多民族的 多向的 多彩的, 彩色的 多媒体,multiparty,multinational,multidirectional,multicolored,multimedia,-ward(s)加在前置词上，构成副词和形容词， 表示方向向前 _ 向后 _向外

29、 _ 向南 _向西 _ 向北 _,forward(s),backward(s),northward(s),outward(s),southward(s),westward(s),activeimpressiveexpensive,frostymistysmoky,hostessactresswaitress,hearingspellingfeeling,retellreplacerebuild,activeimpressiveexpensive,frostymistysmoky,hostessactresswaitress,hearingspellingfeeling,retellreplac

30、erebuild,非纯空格题型：词性转换题的解题技巧,Group F,1.副词修饰形容词,动词或整个句子,1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). (07深圳一模)2.There must be something _seriously (serious) wrong with our society.3. As far as I am concerned, my 37 _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy re

31、ach. (08惠二模),rudely,suggestion,考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化,例28 The youngster immediately felt _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.,解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。,技巧2：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。,silent,例29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to例30 Teachers mus

32、t try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject,解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。,解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣的”，填interested。,dangerous,interested,例31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will gener

33、ally refer to the Four Great Inventions.,解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。,技巧3：介词,冠词,形容词，所有格后接名词。,achievements,例33 instructors expect students to be familiar with 32_ (inform) in the reading (2008年三校联考),解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾

34、语，要用名词形式；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。,解析：因with是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information。,例32 These people have made great 39 (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模),contributions,information,例34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere.

35、 (2008年广州二模)例35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.,解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。,解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。,技巧4：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：,例36 As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I fount that (2008年深圳一模)例37

36、There must be something _40_(serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末)例38Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time (2008年惠州三模),解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。,解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。,解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词

37、，故填mainly。,技巧4：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：,例39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).例40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.,解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。,解析：在名词前

38、作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意可知，错误是引起不必要的麻烦事，故填unnecessary。,技巧5：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un, im等，在词根后加less等。如：,1. One of the 33_worst(bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher (07广州一模) 2.The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped

39、 even _36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末),解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。,技巧6：若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级和最高级。如：,高考链接,1.Mary felt 3 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room . (2012年广东高考）,pleased,2.“That would be a very 4 (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it c

40、ould destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said. (2013年广东高考）,reasonable,3.“But such a small thing couldnt 8 (possible) destroy a village.” (2013年广东高考）,possibly,4.Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was I the kitchen (64)_ (early).（ 2014全国高考样卷）,5.We drank together and talked 8 (merry) till

41、 far into the night.（2007年广东高考题）,merrily,earlier,6.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 4 warmly (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.（ 2010年广东高考）,7.He must be (5) _ (mental) disabled. (2011年广东高考）,mentally,考点5：词性的转化（ 8年8空）,2013 reason-reasonable 名词转化为形容词修饰thing2013 possible

42、-possibly 形容词转化为副词修饰动词destroy2012 please-pleased 动词改为形容词放系动词felt后2011 mentalmentally 形容词变副词修饰形容词2010 warm -smiled warmly形容词变为副词修饰动词2009 choose- her choice 动词变为名词2008 nature- natural 名词变为形容词修饰名词2007 merry talked merrily 形容词变副词修饰动词,备考建议：,1.词汇学习过程中要注意把握词性。,2要多进行语境化和语篇化填空练习，培养和提高词汇的活用能力。,Grammar 1,Modal

43、 verbs,情态动词,must & have to,1. must, cant1) must 表示必须、必要, must表示主观多一些 而have to则表示客观多一些。回答must引出 的问句时, 如果是否定的回答, 不能用mustnt, 而要用neednt或dont have to。如： Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. (No, you dont have to.)2) cant在口语中代替mustnt时，表示禁止 或不准。如: You cant play football in the street.,1

44、) 表示请求、建议等, would比will委婉 客气。Would you pass me the book?2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。如：I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that again.,Shall 用于第一, 三人称的疑问句中, 表征求意见或请求; 用于第二, 三人称的陈述句中,表命令,警告,允诺, 威胁等; should= ought to 表劝告, 建议, 命令 .“应该”的意思，表示主语的义务或责任,shall, should &ought to,三者均表示建议, 意为“应该”, “应当”或“最好做”

45、。三者的语气程度为渐强。,had better, should & ought to,情态动词+have donemust have done sth 过去一定做过某事 否定形式：cant have done may have done sth 过去可能做过某事 否定形式：may not have done might have done sth 过去或许做过某事 否定形式: might not have done,should have done =ought to have done 本应该做某事而没做 should / ought not to have done 过去不应该做的事情却做

46、了would have done = 本来就会去做某事而没做 can/could have done = 本可以做某事而没做。need have done 过去本需要做，却没有做neednt have done 过去本不必做的 事情实际上却做了,解题技巧,从语境考虑，有时需要用情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。表示特定的语气或感情。,例9What is acceptable in one country 31 be considered extremely rude in another. (2007珠三角五校联考),解析：句中What is acceptabl

47、e in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。,技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。,may,called a taxi and went straight to the police station. When she got there, she lost no

48、time to explain 3 had happened and added that the man 4 have got into the house 5 an open window. Mrs. Trench returned home 6 a police car together with two policemen. But it,Grammar Cloze Test Three,what,explain,must,must have done句型, 表示Mrs. Trench对过去的事情进行较肯定的推测。,through,in,2014样 must have put must

49、 + have done 对过去的肯定推测,考点11：情态动词,名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。 (Noun Clauses)名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句subject clause,宾语从句object clause,表语从句predicative clause,同位语从句appositive clause,名词性从句中的连接词有: 连词: that / whether / as if (

50、though)连接代词: what /who/which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever,I know him . I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,(简单句),主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,(复合句),一、Object Clauses 宾语从句,宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句,whether与if的辨用,表