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1、 年产六千吨酱油工厂初步设计 中 文 摘 要酱油始创于我国,至今已有2 000多年的历史。它以营养丰富、风味优良而成为国际、国内市场上不可缺少的调味品。本设计说明书主要是关于年产6000吨的酱油工厂设计的具体内容。对酱油酿造的相关工艺、技术和设备做了较详细的研究。主要包括以下方面:1. 酱油生产发酵工艺采用低盐固态发酵工艺。符合多种微生物酶的作用条件的一种科学、合理的生产工艺。酱酿的酿造过程,就是充分发挥有益微生物的作用,促进生产原料主要成分的分解,促进各种风味物质产生的生化过程能正常进行。同时能抑制、防止有害微生物的活动,避免异常发酵,防止不良风味的产生。2. 各个工艺工段的操作 以大豆为主
2、要原料的酱油生产主要有四个阶段:原料处理,制曲,发酵,精制。 原料处理是酿造酱油的第一道工序,手要把原料按一定配比进行处理,达到原料适度变性(蒸熟),包括原料粉碎,润水(加水),蒸煮三个内容。 制曲的技术关键 (1)要选择新鲜而优良的种曲。 (2)原料润水要适当。 (3)原料蒸煮蛋白质变性适度,过度变性会使熟料发粘及产生有碍米曲霉生 长的因子。 (4)凡接触熟料的工具,设备,输送设施及环境等,须清洁卫生以防止杂菌污染。 (5)接种要均匀,特别是连续送了的设备。 (6)制曲温度要管理。 (7)制曲过程要注意控制管理。(8)每次制曲完毕,要注意作好曲室,曲池及输送管道,工具等的清洗,卫生工作。发酵
3、的工艺条件是高盐、低温和长周期发酵。高盐是抑制乳酸菌等生长的重要手段,能够阻止酱醪pH值下降过快,使中性、碱性蛋白酶得到最佳工作条件。低温指常温发酵,也是抑制乳酸菌活动的重要条件。在高盐、低温条件下,延长发酵周期是不可避免的,长周期发酵有利于菌体的自溶和产品风味圆熟。精制工艺首先进行酱油醪的压榨,由于酱醪是液体,所以必须压榨。压榨得到的酱醪汁里还含有相当一部分细微的固形物需要澄清。将压榨的酱醪汁送进澄清罐数天,将上面的生酱油抽取出来。对过滤后的发酵醪加温到70-80C,以使大部分微生物及酶反应失活。通过加热,可以得到理想的、棕色的酱油,以及热凝聚物的分离,酸性的增加,色度、澄清度的增加,抗酵母
4、能力的增强。良好的酱油风味的改善,还原糖和氨基酸含量的减少,可挥发性成分的蒸发,都是加热过程中主要的变化。酱油的配兑关系到企业的经济效益和消费者利益。为了适应地方及传统风味的特殊需要,有时也添加甜味剂,如蔗糖、葡萄糖、液体糖浆、冰糖蜜、饴糖及甘草粉等;添加酸味剂,如有机酸类(醋酸、琥珀酸)及盐类物质;还可添加谷氨酸钠、肌甘酸钠和鸟甘酸钠等核酸类风味剂。酱油配兑时,一般应控制三项主要指标,即全氮、氨基酸态氮和无盐固形物。在三项指标中,以最低的质量指标作为配兑的依据。3. 各阶段设备操作规程如原料处理设备、制曲、发酵和包装等设备的操作。4. 车间平面布置,车间管道布置设计原则以及通风采光和卫生指标
5、。关键词:酱油,制曲,发酵,操作规程ABSTRACTPioneer sauce in the country and has been there for 2,000 years of history. Its nutrient-rich, excellent flavor as the international and domestic markets indispensable condiment. The manual is designed with an annual production capacity of 6,000 tons of soy sauce factory de
6、sign of the specific content. Soy sauce to the relevant processing technology and equipment a more detailed study. Mainly include the following :1. Soy sauce fermentation production of the high-salt liquid fermentation. High salt, liquid-state, low-temperature (room temperature), the long-cycle Ferm
7、entation is brewing with a variety of microbial growth law microbial enzymes with a variety of conditions for a scientific and rational production processes. Bean sauce brewing process, bring into full play the role of useful microorganisms, raw materials for production of major components of the de
8、composition, Flavor promote the biochemical processes can be carried out normally. Also can inhibit and prevent harmful microorganisms and avoid abnormal fermentation and prevent unscrupulous flavor production.2. Technology Section of the various operations Soy-sauce production of raw materials has
9、four main phases: raw materials handling system works, fermentation, purification. Raw materials handling brewing soy sauce is the first process, should hand a certain proportion of raw materials for processing, raw materials to achieve moderate degeneration (steamed), including raw material crushin
10、g, carry water (water), three elements of Cooking. Koji of key technology (1) To choose fresh and excellent starter. (2) Raw materials Run water should be appropriate. (3) Cooking protein denaturation raw materials appropriate, excessive variability will clinker sticky and have hindered the growth o
11、f Aspergillus oryzae factor. (4) Where the clinker contact with the tools, equipment, transportation facilities and the environment, to be clean to prevent bacterial contamination. (5) To uniform coverage, especially for delivery of the equipment. (6) Starter temperature management. (7) Starter to t
12、he attention of management control. (8) Every time starter finished, it is necessary to make room curly, curly pond and pipeline, the tools of cleaning, sanitation work.Fermentation process conditions of high salt, low-temperature fermentation and long cycle. High salt inhibit the growth of lactic a
13、cid bacteria, and other important means to prevent the sauce mash pH drop fast, neutral, Alkaline Protease best working conditions. Hypothermia mean temperature fermentation, lactic acid bacteria also inhibit the activities of the important conditions. In high-salt, low-temperature conditions, exten
14、ded fermentation cycle is inevitable, long cycle is conducive to bacterial fermentation of autolysis products and exquisite flavor.Refining first sauce Organization for the press, as is the liquid sauce Organization, we must exploit. Squeeze the juice sauce Organization Lane also contain very minor
15、part of the solids need to be clarified. Will squeeze the juice sauce Organization sent tanks to clarify a few days, the above raw soy sauce extracted. After filtrate of the fermentation temperature of 70-80 C, so that most microorganisms and enzyme lost vitality. Through heating, can be ideal, and
16、the brown sauce, and hot condensed the separation, the increase in acidity, color, clarify the increase in the capacity-enhancing yeast. Good to improve the flavor of soy sauce, sugar and amino acid content reduced, the evaporation of volatile components. heating process are the main changes. Soy sa
17、uce against the distribution of the economic efficiency of enterprises and the interests of consumers. In order to adapt to the local and traditional flavor to the special needs and sometimes they add sweeteners, such as sucrose, glucose, liquid syrup, sweet honey, malt sugar and licorice powder; Ad
18、d sour agent, such as organic acids (acetate, succinate), and salts substances; also added sodium glutamate, sodium and muscle Gan Torikai nucleic acids such as sodium flavor agent. Soy sauce against the allocation, control should generally be three key indicators, namely nitrogen, amino nitrogen, a
19、nd salt-free solids. In three indicators, the lowest quality indicators as the basis of allocation .Keywords: Soy sauce, starter, fermentation, and opPioneer sauce in the country and has been there for 2,000 years of history. Its nutrient-rich, excellent flavor as the international and domestic mark
20、ets indispensable condiment. The manual is designed with an annual production capacity of 6,000 tons of soy sauce factory design of the specific content. Soy sauce to the relevant processing technology and equipment a more detailed study. Mainly include the following :3. Soy sauce fermentation produ
21、ction of the high-salt liquid fermentation. High salt, liquid-state, low-temperature (room temperature), the long-cycle Fermentation is brewing with a variety of microbial growth law microbial enzymes with a variety of conditions for a scientific and rational production processes. Bean sauce brewing
22、 process, bring into full play the role of useful microorganisms, raw materials for production of major components of the decomposition, Flavor promote the biochemical processes can be carried out normally. Also can inhibit and prevent harmful microorganisms and avoid abnormal fermentation and preve
23、nt unscrupulous flavor production.4. Technology Section of the various operations Soy-sauce production of raw materials has four main phases: raw materials handling system works, fermentation, purification. Raw materials handling brewing soy sauce is the first process, should hand a certain proporti
24、on of raw materials for processing, raw materials to achieve moderate degeneration (steamed), including raw material crushing, carry water (water), three elements of Cooking. Koji of key technology (1) To choose fresh and excellent starter. (2) Raw materials Run water should be appropriate. (3) Cook
25、ing protein denaturation raw materials appropriate, excessive variability will clinker sticky and have hindered the growth of Aspergillus oryzae factor. (4) Where the clinker contact with the tools, equipment, transportation facilities and the environment, to be clean to prevent bacterial contaminat
26、ion. (5) To uniform coverage, especially for delivery of the equipment. (6) Starter temperature management. (7) Starter to the attention of management control.年产六千吨的酱油工厂设计 (8) Every time starter finished, it is necessary to make room curly, curly pond and pipeline, the tools of cleaning, sanitation
27、work.Fermentation process conditions of high salt, low-temperature fermentation and long cycle. High salt inhibit the growth of lactic acid bacteria, and other important means to prevent the sauce mash pH drop fast, neutral, Alkaline Protease best working conditions. Hypothermia mean temperature fer
28、mentation, lactic acid bacteria also inhibit the activities of the important conditions. In high-salt, low-temperature conditions, extended fermentation cycle is inevitable, long cycle is conducive to bacterial fermentation of autolysis products and exquisite flavor.Refining first sauce Organization
29、 for the press, as is the liquid sauce Organization, we must exploit. Squeeze the juice sauce Organization Lane also contain very minor part of the solids need to be clarified. Will squeeze the juice sauce Organization sent tanks to clarify a few days, the above raw soy sauce extracted. After filtra
30、te of the fermentation temperature of 70-80 C, so that most microorganisms and enzyme lost vitality. Through heating, can be ideal, and the brown sauce, and hot condensed the separation, the increase in acidity, color, clarify the increase in the capacity-enhancing yeast. Good to improve the flavor
31、of soy sauce, sugar and amino acid content reduced, the evaporation of volatile components. heating process are the main changes. Soy sauce against the distribution of the economic efficiency of enterprises and the interests of consumers. In order to adapt to the local and traditional flavor to the
32、special needs and sometimes they add sweeteners, such as sucrose, glucose, liquid syrup, sweet honey, malt sugar and licorice powder; Add sour agent, such as organic acids (acetate, succinate), and salts substances; also added sodium glutamate, sodium and muscle Gan Torikai nucleic acids such as sod
33、ium flavor agent. Soy sauce against the allocation, control should generally be three key indicators, namely nitrogen, amino nitrogen, and salt-free solids. In three indicators, the lowest quality indicators as the basis of allocation .Keywords: Soy sauce, starter, fermentation, and operating regula
34、tions目录第1章31.1 前言3第2章 设计概述42.1 概述42.2 设计依据42.3 设计原则42.4厂址的选择42.5全厂总平面布置图(另附图一)5第3章 工艺设计63.1产品方案及班产量的确定63.2产品规格73.3 班产量的确定73.4低盐固态发酵酱油的工艺流程83.5原辅材料的种类和规格要求103.6包装材料的规格113.7产品工艺流程说明123.8 物料、包装材料的物料衡算153.9 设备选型233.10 水、电、汽用量计算283.11 劳动人员定岗28第四章 辅助部门设计304.1仓库304.2研发中心与品控中心304.3全厂生活设施314.4更衣室324.5员工宿舍324
35、.6 配电房324.7污水处理站32第五章 全厂平面布置335.1厂区各建筑面积的确定335.2 厂区道路33第六章 食品工厂卫生356.1厂、库环境卫生356.2厂、库设施卫生356.3加工卫生366.4厂区公共卫生366.5车间卫生366.6漂白粉溶液366.7氢氧化钠溶液376.8过氧乙酸376.9蒸汽和热水消毒376.10紫外线消毒37第7章附属工程387.1环境保护387.2废水的处理387.3废渣的处理和利用387.4劳动保护387.5给、排水工程38第八章结论39参 考 文 献40第1章1.1 前言 毕业设计是我们大学学习圆满结束前的一次总的考验和综合能力的检验。本设计结合了两年
36、来所有的基础课程与专业课程,并查找了相关的食品专业书籍及网上文献资料,在老师的指导下,同学的协助下,经过半年的努力独立完成。 近年来,中国的调味品工业获得了迅猛发展,总产量已超过1000万吨,成为食品行业中的新的经济增长点。 调味品行业具有发展速度快,产量大,品种多、销售面广、经济效益好等特点。近年来,中国调味品行业有了较大的发展,企业依靠科学技术,通过科研,采用新工艺、新设备,创造新产品,并以严格的质量管理,保证了产品的质量,在增加品种的同时也使产品得到规模化的生产。 2009年1-11月我国调味品行业累计利润总额8,305,696.00千元,比去年同期增长27.8%。2009年1-11月,
37、我国调味品行业累计全部从业人员平均人数213,533.00个,比去年同期增长13.74%。2011中国酱油市场趋势观察研究预测报告数据显示:目前全国酱油生产企业有3000多家,达到一定规模的企业比较少,大部分酱油企业规模小而分散,行业集中度很低。酱油行业要发展,首先要解决一个规模化的问题。 目前世界酱油年产量约800万吨,中国大陆的年产量在500万吨左右,酱油市场年增长在10%以上。2009年11月,我国酱油产量498371.45吨,比去年同期增长26.23%。2009年1-11月,我国酱油产量4522601.78吨,比去年同期增长29.39%。目前,我国酱油行业生产仍以天然古法酿造为主,国内
38、酱油大厂多集中在中国南方,中国酱油市场现已形成四分天下的格局,即:以广东海天、致美斋为主的粤产酱油,以上海淘大、家乐、老蔡为主的沪产酱油,以雀巢美极、龟甲万、李锦记、加加、和田宽为主的外资酱油,以北京金狮,石家庄珍极、天津天立、福州民天、湖南双凤等区域性酱油为主的地产酱油。目前国内酱油市场整体还有进一步的增长空间,因为现在内地人均年消费量仅为3公斤多一点,仅为其它习惯吃酱油的东方国家和地区消费量的30%-50%。所以,随着人民生活水平的提高,酱油的销量还会进一步增加。 随着人民生活水平的提高和食品工业的迅速发展,调味品的生产和市场出现了空前的繁荣和兴旺,其主要标志是:工艺改进,新的技术设备的使
39、用,品种增加,质量提高,并逐步向营养、卫生、方便和适口的方向发展。酱油行业既非夕阳产业也非朝阳产业,而是一种常青产业,市场需求量相对稳定,客户忠诚度比较高。我国调味品行业目前进入一个大的转变,大调整和大分化时期。需要转变方式,提高酱油生产的规模化,适应新的形势,谋求更大的发展。第2章 设计概述2.1 概述酱油是由酱演变而来,是以植物蛋白及碳水化合物为主要原料,经过微生物酶的作用,发酵水解成多种氨基酸及各种糖类,并以这些物质为基础,再经过复杂的生物化学变化,形成的具有特殊色泽、香气、滋味和体态的调味液。主要包括酿造酱油和配制酱油,是人们日常生活中深受欢迎的调味品之一。酿造酱油,主要是以大豆或者豆
40、粕等植物蛋白质为主要原料,辅以面粉、小麦粉或麸皮等淀粉质原料,经微生物的发酵作用,称为一种含有多种氨基酸和适量食盐,具有特殊色泽、香气、滋味和体态的调味液。第二节 设计原则及依据2.1 设计依据 根据华南理工大学网络教育学院食品科学与工程专业下达的设计任务书,结合对专业的学习,收集低盐固态发酵酱油的各方面资料,参考书籍手册,请教老师同学共同完成此次毕业设计。由于受到工厂规模和工艺条件的限制,及市场定位的要求生产中低档酱油。3.2 设计原则 以社会主义经济规律的特点为指导思想,将成熟的科技和成就和工艺流程结合,采用最佳的机械设备。必须考虑到技术上的可靠性,生产上的可行性和经济上的合理性,与当地具
41、体情况结合,达到优质、高产、节能、安全的目的。4.2 厂址的选择食品工业的布局,涉及一个地区的长远规划。一个食品工厂的建设,与当地资源、交通运输、农业发展都有密切关系。在进行区域规划、选择厂址时,经常涉及的内容有工程地质条件的优劣,厂区范围能否适应和满足总平面和安全距离的要求、自然灾害的威胁程度与抵御能力,可能出现的次生灾害,“三废”的处理,与外部的联系及协作等。依据厂址选择的要求,通过观察,该酱油工厂选择在湛江市。湛江东濒南海,南隔琼州海峡与大特区海南省相望,西临北部湾。处于亚太经济圈中重要的地缘战略位置,赋有极大的经济功能。湛江处于热带地区,日照充足,水质很好,交通运输条件方便,供电保证,
42、湛江地区土地价格也相对便宜。2010年湛江市被正式授予为“中国海鲜美食之都”称号,成为全国首个获得这一殊荣的城市。更增加了对于调味品的需求能力。具体落在湛江经济技术开发区赤坎区内海田路,其北面为珠江啤酒湛江工厂,南为湛江丰源水产有限公司,附近有湛江赤坎水质净化厂,附近均为食品工厂,地理位置优越。位于广东省西南,湛江港湾的北部,东临海湾。赤坎区处于亚热带季风的控制之下,形成冬无严寒,夏无酷暑的自然环境。赤坎区水源丰富,阳光充足,城区草木葱茏,四季鲜花盛开。该地区港口连接东南亚各国和中国大西南,目前己和世界80多个国家和地区通航,与70多个国家和地区有贸易往来。酱油作为污染大户,附近的水质净化厂可
43、以为其提供支持。其合适的气候,充足优质水源,污水处理措施为其建立工厂提供良好的支持。5.2全厂总平面布置图(另附图一)第3章 工艺设计3.1产品方案及班产量的确定本工艺设计是由大豆、麸皮等原料以脱脂大豆及麦麸为原料,经蒸煮、曲霉菌制曲后与盐水混合成固态酱醅,再经发酵制成的酱油。低盐固态发酵酱油是目前广大酱油生产厂家普遍采用的一种生产工艺,它有发酵周期短,成品风味好,香味浓,色泽呈红褐色,透明澄清,原料利用率高,出品率稳定及生产成本低等优点。该工艺采用了前期“水解”和后期“发酵”,这两个显然不同的生产阶段,从而解决了该工艺中“有利于蛋白酶、淀粉酶的水解而不利于酵母菌、乳酸菌作用”的矛盾,使低盐固
44、态发酵酱油生产工艺更加完善。1. 在安排产品方案时,应尽可能做到满足主要产品产量的要求,满足原料综合利用的要求,满足淡旺季节平衡的要求,满足市场供应及提高经济效益的要求。努力做到产品的产量与原料供应平衡,生产季节与劳动力需求相平衡,生产班次平衡,设备生产能力平衡,水、电、汽负荷要平衡。在编排产品方案时,应根据计划任务书的要求及原物料供应情况,并结合各生产车间的实际利用率,计划安排多少车间生产才能保证方案的顺利实施。2. 班产量的确定班产量是食品工厂工艺设计中最主要的计算基准,班产量的大小直接影响到设备的配套、车间的布置和占地面积、公用设施和辅助设施的规格、大小及劳动力的定员等。班产量的制约因素
45、主要有原料的供应情况和市场销售情况、配套设备的生产能力及运行情况、延长生产期的条件、产品品种的搭以及工厂的自动化程度。表3-1产品名称年产量(T)班产量(T)1月24天2月24天3月24天4月25天5月24天6月26天7月25天8月27天9月26天10月24天11月26天12月25天一级酱油12002.84二级酱油36007.54三级酱油12002.84上面是酱油生产车间的产品方案,生产的产品为一级、二级、三级酿造酱油,一级酱油和三级酱油为一条生产线,二级酱油为两条生产线,该生产为旺季每天工作三班,中季每天工作两班,淡季为每天工作一班,每班工作8小时。除去假期,一年生产天数为300天。3.2产品规格结合本工厂设计的产量为依据,具体的产品规格。酱油产品规格设计 表3-2名称 规格 年产量(吨) 包装方式 一级酿造酱油 500ml/瓶 1200 500ml玻璃瓶二级酿造酱油 500ml/瓶 3600 500ml玻璃瓶三级酿造酱油 500ml/瓶 1200 500ml玻璃瓶3.3 班产量的确定班产量的计算公式根据为q班=因为本设计中,分为淡季、中季、旺季时的班次,由于设备的不均匀系数K取0.75。可得到:q班=在实际生产中由于酱油在管道流通及灌装中会有一定的损
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