动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法ppt课件.pptx
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1、成人学士学位英语辅导,动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法,动词的基本时态,1动词的第三人称的单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成。2动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。3动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。4动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法。,动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下:,1.动词的时态一般现在时,用法: 表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。 I go t
2、o school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。 表示普遍真理和客观事实。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。,动词的时态一般现在时,1.动词的时态一般现在时,表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。 Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我妈妈有空的话,我将和她去购物。,动词的时态一般现在时,1.动词的时态一般现在时,动词的时态一般现在时,第一人称:陈
3、述句: I like you. I am a girl.否定句: We dont like you. I am not a girl.一般疑问句: Do we go there ? Are we beautiful?,1.动词的时态一般现在时,动词的时态一般现在时,第二人称:陈述句:You eat lunch every day. You are a girl. 否定句: You dont eat lunch every day. You are not a good boy. 一般疑问句:Do you eat lunch every day? Are you ok?,1.动词的时态一般现在时
4、,动词的时态一般现在时,第三人称:陈述句:She usually plays basketball at four. She is a good girl. 否定句: The dog doesnt eat at four. They are not cats. 一般疑问句:Does she play basketball at four? Is it a good idea?,1.动词的时态一般现在时,一般过去时的用法及标志词 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。常与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1988等过去的
5、时间状语连用。,2.动词的时态一般过去时,Did you have any problems on your journey? 你在旅途中有一些困难吗?Were most people too busy making a living in early times?在早期,大部分人忙着谋生吗? Modern soccer didnt become official until 1863. 直到1863年现代足球才成为官方运动。,动词过去式的变化规则:,动词的时态一般过去时,2.动词的时态一般过去时,动词的时态一般过去时,第一人称:陈述句: I liked you. I was a studen
6、t.否定句: We didnt like you. I was not a teacher.一般疑问句: Did we go there ? Were we beautiful?,2.动词的时态一般过去时,动词的时态一般过去时,第二人称:陈述句:You ate lunch every day. You were a girl. 否定句: You didnt eat lunch every day. You were not a good boy. 一般疑问句:Do you eat lunch every day? were you ok?,2.动词的时态一般过去时,动词的时态一般过去时,第三人
7、称:陈述句:She played basketball at four. She was a good girl. 否定句: The dog didnt eat at four. They were not blue. 一般疑问句:Does she play basketball at four? Was it a good idea?,2.动词的时态一般过去时,一般将来时的构成及基本用法 结构:“助动词shall/will动词原形”或“be going to动词原形”。 用法: 表示将要发生的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有 later(on), soon, in a month(in时间段),
8、 next time, from now on, tomorrow等。 I shall be eighteen years old next year. 明年我就18岁了。 表示某种必然的趋势。 Fish will die without water.没有水,鱼就会死。,3.动词的时态一般将来时,动词的时态一般将来时,第一人称:陈述句: I will call you. I am going to call you.否定句: We will not call you. I am not going to call you.一般疑问句: Will we eat lunch ? Are we go
9、ing to eat lunch?,3.动词的时态一般将来时,动词的时态一般将来时,第二人称:陈述句:You will eat lunch. You are going to eat lunch. 否定句: You will not eat lunch. You are not going to eat lunch. 一般疑问句:Will you do that? Are you going to do that ?,3.动词的时态一般将来时,动词的时态一般将来时,第三人称:陈述句:She will play basketball at four. She is going to play b
10、asketball at four. 否定句: The dog will not eat at four. They are not going to be teachers. 一般疑问句:Will she play basketball at four? Is she going to play outside?,3.动词的时态一般将来时,Dont worry. You wont be late. 不用担心,你不会迟到的。 Will you leave for Beijing next week? 下周你要去北京吗? Who is to clean the classroom today?
11、今天该谁打扫教室了?,动词的时态一般将来时,3.动词的时态一般将来时,4.动词的时态过去将来时,过去将来时的构成及基本用法 (1)结构: “would动词原形”或“was/weregoing to动词原形”。 (2)用法:表示从过去的某一时刻看,将要发生的动作。 His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说第二年会有个好收成。,现在进行时的构成及基本用法 (1)结构: am/is/are动词的ing形式 (2)用法: 表示目前正在发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用的时间状语有 now, at the
12、moment 等。当有look, listen起提示作用的词时,后面的句子常用现在进行时。 Are you writing a letter to your friend now? 你现在正在给你朋友写信吗? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 听!她正在隔壁唱歌。 I am going to the school.,5.动词的时态现在进行时,表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 We are planting trees these days. 这些天我们在植树。 表示位移的动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类词有come, go, le
13、ave, arrive, fly等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon. 他们明天下午要去英格兰。,5.动词的时态现在进行时,Mary is listening to music in the next room now. 玛丽现在正在隔壁听音乐。 Jack isnt playing football now. 杰克现在没有在踢足球。 Is Mike playing the piano in the room now? 迈克现在在屋里弹钢琴吗?,5.动词的时态现在进行时,现在分词的变化规则:,5.动词的时
14、态现在进行时,过去进行时的构成及基本用法 (1)结构: was/werev.ing (2)用法:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在进行的动作。 His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 他爸爸骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。,6.动词的时态过去进行时,(3)常用的时间状语: this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while等。 What wer
15、e you doing at ten oclock last night? 你昨晚十点钟在做什么? They were building a large house last week. 上周他们一直在建造一所大房子。(某阶段一直在进行的动作) I wasnt trying to annoy you. 我没想要让你烦恼。 Were you working all weekend? 你整个周末都在工作吗?,6.动词的时态过去进行时,1结构: have/has动词的过去分词 (过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变化动词需单独记忆) 2用法 (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果
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