提升托福口语流利度先练好美式思维.doc
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1、提升托福口语流利度先练好美式思维 托福口语怎样提升表达技巧?合理断句让重点更清晰。今天给大家带来了托福口语怎样提升表达技巧,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。【备考提升】提升托福口语流利度先练好美式思维1、学会美国人的描述方式从描述上来讲,由于中美的文化不同会产生很大的差异。我们描述东西无外乎把它放在时间和空间两个坐标上去描述。美国人对空间的描述总是由内及外,由里及表。中国人正好相反,从时间上来说,中国人是按自然的时间顺序来描述。我们描述一个东西突然停住时,往往最后说的那个地方是最重要的。美国人在时间的描述上先把最重要的东西说出来,然后再说陪衬的东西。只有发生悲剧性的事件,美
2、国人才在前面加上铺垫。2、必须具有一定的推测能力为什么美国人和美国人、中国人和中国人之间交流很少产生歧义?就是因为他我们之间能“猜测”。在交流中,有一个词你没有听懂,你不可能马上去,这时候就需要猜测来架起一座桥梁来弥补这个缺口,否则交流就会中断。中国人学习口语讲究背诵,背句型、背语调,结果就是很多人讲口语的时候讲着讲着眼就开始向上翻,实际上是在记忆中寻找曾经背过的东西。如果他要是能猜测的话,我们认为也就不会出现这种现象。3、知道如何用英文简单界定事物美国人和美国人交谈80%是想告诉对方这个事物是什么。我们的课本尽管词汇难度不断加深,但思维逻辑结构却只停留在一个水平上。中国人常说Where is
3、 the book (这本书在哪儿)?很少有人说What is a book (书是什么)?而美国的小学生就开始问:what is the book?这种Where is the book 只是思维的描述阶段。但是我们想连大学生也很难回答What is a book?因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。4、用不同方式解释同一事物如果已经学会界定,但理解还有偏差,那就要训练How to explain things in different ways(用不同的方式解释同一事物)。一种表达式对方不懂,美国人会寻找另一种表达式最终让对方明白。因为事物就一个,但表达它的语言符号可能会很
4、多。这就要多做替换练习。传统的教学方法也做替换练习,但这种替换不是真替换,只是语言层面的替换,而不是思维层面的替换,也就是说用一种不同的方式表达同一个意思,或者一个表达式对方听不清楚,举一个简单易懂的例子来表达,直到对方明白。5、学会常用的美国习语不容易学、易造成理解困惑的东西就是“习语”。比如北京人说盖了帽儿了,外国人很难理解,这就是习语。所以和美国人交流时,能适当地运用美国习语,他马上就会觉得很亲切,也很爱和你交流。那么什么是习语?就是每个单词你都认识,但把它我们组合在一起,你就不知道是什么意思了。6、具备中英语之间的转换能力这是衡量口语水平的一个最重要标准。因为英语不是我们的母语,我们天
5、生就有自己的母语。很多人都认为学好外语必须丢掉自己的母语,这是不对的。托福口语模板:教学楼关闭机房Personally speaking, I agree with the statement. The benefit is this choice can help the school save a bunch of money. Nowadays in my city all the students have their own laptop and they like to finish various assignments on their own laptop because i
6、t is really convenient. Not even once will many students go to the computer labs in schools. Thus, if closing the computer labs, the school doesnt need to buy the computers, doesnt need to spend money on the maintenance and repairs and doesnt need to cover the electricity money, which is really econ
7、omical. Then the school can use the saved money to do more researches.托福口语模板:朋友面试失败了给建议One advice is that my friend should summarize the experience. He should carefully analyze why he failed this interview; he is supposed to consider whether his performance is good enough, whether his background is
8、suable enough for his job. After analyzing these factors, he will perform better in thefollowing interviews.The other advice is I will advise my friend to find a job in a different field. Maybe his ability and skills are not competent for this job, but his ability and skills might be qualified for c
9、ertain jobs in other fields. To try to find a job well matching his condition and skills, he will be more likely to succeed.托福口语评分标准Independent Tasks (Questions 1 and 2)新托福口语评分标准:Score:4General Description: The response fulfills the demands of the task, with at most minor lapses in completeness. It
10、is highly intelligible and exhibits sustained, coherent discourse. A response at this level is characterized by all of the following.Delivery: Generally well-paced flow (fluid expression). Speech is clear. It may include minor lapses, or minor difficulties with pronunciation or intonation patterns,
11、which do not affect intelligibility.Language Use: The response demonstrates effective use of grammar and vocabulary. It exhibits a fairly high degree of automat city with good control of basic and complex structures (as appropriate). Some minor (or systemic) errors are noticeable but do not obscure
12、meaning.Topic Development: Response is sustained and sufficient to the task. It is generally well developed and coherent; relationships between ideas are clear (or clear progression of ideas).新托福口语评分标准:Score:3General Description: The response addresses the task appropriately, but may fall short of b
13、eing fully developed. It is generally intelligible and coherent, with some fluidity of expression though it exhibits some noticeable lapses in the expression of ideas. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following.Delivery: Speech is generally clear, with some fluidity o
14、f expression, though minor difficulties with pronunciation, intonation, or pacing are noticeable and may require listener effort at times (though overall intelligibility is not significantly affected).Language Use: The response demonstrates fairly automatic and effective use of grammar and vocabular
15、y and fairly coherent expression of relevant ideas. Response may exhibit some imprecise or inaccurate use of vocabulary or grammatical structures used. This may affect overall fluency, but it does not seriously interfere with the communication of the message.Topic Development: Response is mostly coh
16、erent and sustained and conveys relevant ideas information. Overall development is somewhat limited, usually lacks elaboration or specificity. Relationships between ideas may at times not be immediately clear.新托福口语评分标准:Score:2General Description: The response addresses the task, but development of t
17、he topic is limited. It contains intelligible speech, although problems with delivery and/or overall coherence occur; meaning may be obscured in places. A response at this level is characterized by at least two of the following.Delivery: Speech is basically intelligible, though listener effort is ne
18、eded because of unclear articulation, awkward intonation, or choppy rhythm pace; meaning may be obscured in places.Language Use: The response demonstrates limited range and control of grammar and vocabulary .These limitations often prevent full expression of ideas. For the most part, only basic sent
19、ence structures are used successfully and spoken with fluidity. Structures and vocabulary may express mainly simple (short) and/or general propositions, with simple or unclear connections made among them (serial listing, conjunction, juxtaposition).Topic Development: The response is connected to the
20、 task, though the number of ideas presented or the development of ideas is limited. Mostly basic ideas are expressed with limited elaboration (details and support). At times relevant substance may be vaguely expressed or repetitious. Connections of ideas may be unclear新托福口语评分标准:Score:1General Descri
21、ption: The response is very limited in content and/or coherence or is only minimally connected to the task, or speech is largely unintelligible. A response atthis level is characterized by at least two of the following.Delivery: Consistent pronunciation, stress, and intonation difficulties cause con
22、siderable listener effort; delivery is choppy, fragmented, or telegraphic; frequent pauses and hesitations.Language Use: Range and control of grammar and vocabulary severely limit (or prevent) expression of ideas and connections among ideas. Some low level responses may rely heavily on practiced or
23、formulaic expressions.Topic Development: Limited relevant content expressed. The response generally lacks substance beyond expression of very basic ideas. Speaker may be unable to sustain speech to complete task and may rely heavily on repetition of the prompt.新托福口语评分标准:Score:0Speaker makes no attem
24、pt to respond OR response is unrelated to the topic.新托福口语评分标准解析新托福口语评分标准:四分标准口语的前两题要拿满分,相对而言比后面的4题要简单,因为可控的因素多,通过不断练习就能达到飞跃。然而,练习之前我们需要透彻地领悟ETS出题及考评的精髓,如此才能练得有的放矢,如此才能知己知彼。这里,我们就先详细解读一下ETS评判4分口语时的标准:A) General Description所谓总体,就是整段录音给人的直观印象,是直觉,是并未用细则的评分标准来判断时的直接感受。ETS在Soring Rubic中对于总体要求的描述还是集中在“内容”
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