汽轮机组通流改造项目方案优选研究论文.docx
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1、专业硕士学位论文国华准电汽轮机组通流改造项目方案优选研究Research on will flow reconstruction project plan optimization companys steam turbine unit 刘琦2016年2月国内图书分类号: 学校代码:10079国际图书分类号: 密级:公开 专业硕士学位论文国华准电汽轮机组通流改造项目方案优选研究硕士研究生:刘琦导 师:董玉亮副教授申请学位:工程硕士专业领域:热能工程培养方式:在职所 在 学 院:能源与动力工程学院答 辩 日 期:2017年3月授予学位单位:华北电力大学Classified Index: (Tim
2、es New Roman 小4字)U.D.C: (Times New Roman 小4字)Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree Research on will flow reconstruction project plan optimization companys steam turbine unit Candidate:LiuqiSupervisor:Prof.dongyuliangAcademic Degree Applied for:Master of Engineering Speciality:Thermal TngineeringSchoo
3、l:North China Electric Power UniversityDate of Defence:June, 2016Degree-Conferring-Institution:North China Electric Power University 华北电力大学硕士学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明:此处所提交的硕士学位论文国华准电汽轮机组通流改造项目方案优选研究,是本人在导师指导下,在华北电力大学攻读硕士学位期间独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。据本人所知,论文中除已注明部分外不包含他人已发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究工作做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式注明。本声
4、明的法律结果将完全由本人承担。作者签名: 刘琦 日期:2016年10月15日华北电力大学硕士学位论文使用授权书国华准电汽轮机组通流改造项目方案优选研究系本人在华北电力大学攻读硕士学位期间在导师指导下完成的硕士学位论文。本论文的研究成果归华北电力大学所有,本论文的研究内容不得以其它单位的名义发表。本人完全了解华北电力大学关于保存、使用学位论文的规定,同意学校保留并向有关部门送交论文的复印件和电子版本,允许论文被查阅和借阅,学校可以为存在馆际合作关系的兄弟高校用户提供文献传递服务和交换服务。本人授权华北电力大学,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文,可以公布论文的全部或部分内容。本学位论文属于
5、(请在以上相应方框内打“”):保密,在 年解密后适用本授权书不保密作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日导师签名: 日期: 年 月 日华北电力大学硕士学位论文摘 要国华准格尔发电有限责任公司330MW汽轮发电机组系由北京北重汽轮电机有限责任公司(简称北重公司)购买的法国的ALSTHOM公司生产的机组,该机组是具有中间再热、单轴、亚临界与三缸两排汽的凝汽式机组。该机组为N330-17.75/540/540型号机组,额定功率为330MW。在热耗率方面,两机热耗平均值为7876kJ/kWh,与机组原设计值7661-7750 kJ/kWh相比尚有较大降耗空间。在缸效率方面,由于修后试验为简化试验,只有高、中压
6、缸实测效率,高压缸效率平均值为84.2%;中压缸效率平均值为93.0%。依据汽轮机热耗率与高、中、低压三缸效率内在关系,可推算出两机组平均低压缸效率为82.3%。依据3、4号机组大修后试验数据分析,机组通流尚存较大提效改造空间,改造重点应在高压、低压通流。为了响应相关的国家政策,提高企业在社会上的知名度,为社会建设作出积极贡献,也为了提高企业自身的生产效益,那么开展通流改造就显得尤为重要了。本文基于模糊理论,运用模糊综合评价方法指导国华准电开展通流改造项目方案优选,首先分析了国华准电汽轮机组运行现状,得出该类型机组使用的是比较落后的技术,他是以前GEC-ALSTHOM公司所研发的一种生产技术,
7、与现阶段的基于三维技术的先进技术相比较有着明显的不足,主要表现为以下几个方面:首先,使用这种技术设计的汽轮机属于国外发达国家已经淘汰的技术,这种技术是上个世纪80年代左右所流行的,目前已经远远落后于现阶段的先进技术;其次,该技术所设计的各级速比并没有达到最佳水平,还达不到先进技术的要求;其高压喷嘴组设计成平直型,这就会导致有较大的三维效应损失;在叶轮设计时,没有充分考虑到平衡效应,容易对高、中压的主流运动造成干扰;原叶顶汽封结构型式决定无法进一步压缩汽封间隙,叶顶漏汽损失偏大;传统隔板加工工艺造成隔板汽道变形量难于控制,尤其影响高压缸效率。急需进行通流改造。其次,对拟选方案评价方法进行介绍,通
8、过对专家评价法,运筹学与其他数学方法,新型评价法,组合评价法进行比较分析,得出模糊综合评价法配以专家评价法比较适合对国华准电汽轮机组通流改造项目方案进行优选评价。再次,建立国华准电汽轮机组通流改造项目方案优选评价指标体系,从安全效益,节能效益,经济效益,环保效益四个方面,构建安全性能大大提高,热耗率降低,额定出力增加,煤耗大幅度下降,总投资额,总收益,投资回收期,燃煤量减少,CO2、SO2和烟尘的排放量相应地大大降低等九个详细指标进行优选。最后通过对国华准电汽轮机组通流改造项目方案拟选方案一和方案二进行评价,得出方案二在安全效益,节能效益,经济效益,环保效益四个方面评分均为优秀,方案二为优选方
9、案。另一方面也验证了该评价指标体系较为科学、合理和适用。关键词:汽轮机组;通流改造;方案优选 I Abstract (Times New Roman 小5号字)Abstract Guohua ZhunGeEr power generation co., LTD. Department of 330 mw turbo-generator set by Beijing BeiChong turbo motor co., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as BeiChong company) the introduction of French ALSTHOM comp
10、any technology production of subcritical reheat, three cylinder two exhaust, uniaxial, condensing steam turbine. Unit model of N330-17.75/540/540, rated power is 330 mw. In terms of heat loss rate, average of two machine the heat consumption of 7876 kJ/kWh, original design and unit value of 7661-775
11、0 kJ/kWh big energy and space are compared. Efficiency in the cylinder, the result of test to simplify the test after repair, only high and middle pressure cylinder test efficiency, the high pressure cylinder efficiency average is 84.2%; Average middle pressure cylinder efficiency is 93.0%. On the b
12、asis of the steam turbine heat consumption rate and efficiency of high, medium and low pressure cylinder inner relations, can calculate the average efficiency of low pressure cylinder unit was 82.3%. Based on experimental data analysis after 3, 4 # unit overhaul, the unit space transformation on flo
13、w remaining larger lift effect, transforming the emphasis should be on high pressure and low pressure flow. Actively carry out flow renovation project is not only a corresponding national policy, improve the social benefits of enterprises, contribute to society of a kind of performance, is also a fo
14、rm of improving economic efficiency of enterprise itself. In this paper, based on the fuzzy theory, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to guide flow renovation project will company to carry out the plan optimization, analysis of the current situation of steam turbine unit operation will compa
15、ny at first, it is concluded that the type of unit is the introduction of the original GEC ALSTHOM company - impulse technology production, the flow technology s relatively early, and now the whole compared the main circulation flow technology such as 3 d design, mainly has the following drawbacks:
16、the steam turbine design molding s earlier, blade type line design technology belongs to the quasi three dimensional design technology in the 1980 s, has lagged behind the advanced level at home and abroad; Flow enthalpy drop and flow ratio of size at all levels, namely ratio U/C0 deviates from the
17、value of the best at all levels; High pressure spray nozzle set for flat steam, three-dimensional effect, too heavy losses; High, medium voltage at various levels shall not open impeller balance hole, diaphragm seal leakage through the clearance of blade root into the blade passage, cause disturbanc
18、e to the mainstream, especially for high pressure influence at all levels; The blade tip seal structure decided not to further compress seal clearance, the tip leakage loss is larger; Traditional diaphragm process caused by steam diaphragm deformation is difficult to control, especially influence th
19、e efficiency of high pressure cylinder. Be badly in need of transformation on the flow. Second, to be selected scheme evaluation methods are introduced, based on the expert evaluation method, operations research and other mathematical methods, a new evaluation method, combination evaluation method,
20、comparative analysis, it is concluded that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method with the expert evaluation method can suit to aim at companys steam turbine unit flow scheme selection renovation project evaluation. That company again, the establishment of steam turbine flow renovation project pl
21、an optimization evaluation index system, from the security benefits, energy conservation benefits, economic benefits, environmental benefits from four aspects, building security performance is greatly improved, the heat consumption rate is reduced, the rated output increase, the coal consumption, a
22、big drop in total investment, total return, the payback period of investment, reduced the volume of coal, CO2, SO2 and soot emissions significantly reduced accordingly nine index optimization in detail. Finally through flow renovation project on the steam turbine unit can company evaluate the plan a
23、 and plan is proposed to choose the second, two alternative benefits in security, energy-saving benefit, economic benefit, environmental benefit four aspects scores are good, scheme 2. Optimization scheme. On the other hand also shows that the evaluation index system is more scientific, reasonable a
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