小升初英语语法词类——介词ppt课件.pptx

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1、词类详解,小升初英语语法,目 录CONTENTS,一、介词的意义,三、表示地点的介词,二、表示时间的介词,四、其他介词,五、固定搭配,六、介词的句法功能,介词的意义,Preposition,prep.,表示该词与句子中其他成分之间的关系,介词的意义,介词一般用于_或_前,_后，表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。介词后面的_或_称为_，若是人称代词则要用_。_和_一起构成_。,名词,代词,不及物动词,名词,代词,介词宾语,宾格,介词,介词宾语,介词短语,表示时间的介词,表示时间的介词主要有,in,on,at,表示时间的介词,at,on,in,at Christmas,at six oclock,at

2、 lunchtime,at the age of 20,at this time,at noon,at midnight,在一个具体时间点或西方传统节日,on Sunday,on May 4th,on Friday morning,on weekends,on New Years day,在具体的某一天,in the morning,in the afternoon,in winter（summer，autumn，spring）,in 1949,在某一时间段,表示时间的介词,表示时间的介词还有,before,after,表示在某个时间之前,表示在某个时间之后,before breakfast,

3、before class,after school,after his death,表示地点的介词,表示地点的介词很多,如,at,in,on,near, next to, in front of, before, under ,behind, beside, between, in the front of, in the middle of, at the back of.,常见地点介词,at,on,in,at the swimming pool,at the school gate,at home,at the party,在一个点或小地方,on the playground,on the

4、 table,on the Centre Street,on the wall,on the tree,在一个表面上（贴着）,in the shopping centre,in the house,in Pairs（New York等）,in China,in the sky,在一个空间里或一个大地方,表示地点的介词,表示地点的介词,其他地点介词,under,before,in front of,Jack sitts in front of John.,Look！The bird is just under you chair.,Su Hai is standing before the mi

5、rror.,The hotel is behind the library.,There are some chairs in the front of the classroom.,in the middle of,My home is in the middle of the city.,behind,in the front of,Look!There is a cute dog beside Lily.,next to,beside,The shopping centre is near Yang Lings home.,The bookstore is next to the sch

6、ool.,表示地点的介词,其他地点介词,near,by,Some people get together by the river.,between,Billy stands between Mike and Jack.,among,Rock music is very popular among the youth.,through,The king walked through his city.,表示地点的介词,其他地点介词,到.的上面（紧贴着）,在.上面（覆盖）,over,在.的上面（悬浮）,above,Please hold onto the stick.,A bridge is o

7、ver the river.,There is a ufo above the big tree.,onto,进入.的里面,into,The tiger fell into the river.,表示地点的介词,其他地点介词,在.的对面,沿着.,along,Her home is across from the supermarket.,The King is walking along the street in his new clothes.,across from,在.的里边,inside,在.的外边,outside,I never go inside the building.,Yo

8、u should eat outside the classroom.,在.的背后,at the back of,There is a playground at the back of the school.,其他介词,关于，对于,about,从.；自.,from,.的,of,What are you talking about?,Bill is from the USA.,She is a friend of mine.,其他介词,对于；为了；关于 （时间持续）.之久,for,What can I do for you?,The party lasts for a long time.,W

9、hat is your plan for the summer holiday?,其他介词,向；到；对；给,to,go to Nanjing,give it to your sister,Im glad to hear that.,其他介词,用.；对于.；和.，与.；带.，有.；,with,call your father with mobile phone,Are you glad with the party?,I often go shopping with my mother.,people with a lot of money,其他介词,像；怎么样,like,Shes wearin

10、g a dress like mine,What is the weather like today?,朝着；对着；以,at,A little boy is laughing at the king.,The spaceship flies at 11 Km a second.,乘（交通工具）,by,Hans usually goes to school by bus.,固定搭配,介词与其他词固定搭配,介词短语,动介搭配,介形搭配,介词与名词或代词搭配，构成介词短语，介词后面的名词或代词称为“介词宾语”,不及物动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语，相当于及物动词,介词与形容词搭配成固定短语,固定搭配,

11、常见介词短语,at,on,in,in all,in class,in English,in the end,in bed,in danger,in time,in a minute,on duty,on holiday,on time,on the right/left,on the radio,on foot,on sale,on the way,on TV,on the phone,at first,at last,at school,at the moment,at home,at present,at work,at the same time,at once,固定搭配,常见动介搭配,

12、arrive at/in,get off,learn from,look after,look for,think of,worry about,wait for,ask for,help sb. with,listen to,look at,talk about,shout at,thank sb. for,laugh at,固定搭配,常见介形搭配,be afraid of,be careful with/about,be interested in,be good at,be good with,be late for,be happy to,be glad to,be good for,

13、be sorry to,be proud of,be bad for,be different from,固定搭配,其他搭配,right now,by bus/train/taxi/plane/ship/.,at most,at least,lots of/a lot of,at once,in+red/yellow/purple/.,=,介词的句法功能,介词不能独立作为一个句子成分，介词与其他词构成的短语如介词短语、动介短语在句中承当固定成分。,状语,谓语,介词的句法功能,介词短语主要作用就是在句子里面作状语,介词与后面的名词或代词宾语构成介词短语，这些短语有的表示时间作时间状语，有的表示地

14、点作地点状语。,有的用来表示目的、条件、方式、原因等，也是作状语。如：,He often goes to office by metro.,You must finish your homework right now.,She can get one third of money at most.,介词的句法功能,有的介词短语可以作定语修饰名词，一般放在名词后面，这叫“定语后置”。如：,There stands a girl in black.,People with a lot of money are rich.,The women workers at Star farm are bu

15、sy.,介词的句法功能,动介短语相当于及物动词，在句中作谓语。如：,Please look at the blackboard.,Sunny plays with her doll happily.,Dont be noise! We should Listen to our teacher.,介词的句法功能,形介搭配和其后名词或代词组成的短语，在句中作表语。如：,Xiaoming is really good at maths.,I am happy to help others any time.,She is afraid of mice .,介词的句法功能,summary,定语后置,THE END,