定语从句和阅读写作ppt课件.ppt

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1、定语从句在阅读和写作中的运用,对定语从句的掌握要落实到三个层面：一、认得出二、看得懂三、用得上,认得出：关键:找到主句，分离从句。但不管定语从句以哪一种形式出现，他们都有一个共同特点：那就是在一个核心名词的前面或后面。,一、定语从句的位置（一）从句在主句的前面例如:As is well-known, man couldt live without water. （二）从句在主句的后面 例如:This is the house where his father was born.,（三）放置在主句中 例1:The day when they got married was just on Feb

2、ruary 14.,二、 理解定语从句要注意:A.准确判断定语从句所修饰的对象。 由于定语从句与其所修饰的对象之间常有分割成分，而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词常常会被误认为是定语从句的先行词。在理解上会造成障碍。 因此遇到这种结构一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。,1.The daysare gonewhen we suffered so much 2.There are many peopleon the platformwho are waiting for the train 3.Do you remember one afternoonten years ago, when I c

3、ame to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours? 4.At all times you may find thingshappeningwhich are hard to explain,B.要注意区分从句的层次。定语从句是最可能出现嵌套结构的。一句话中往往包括好几个定语从句，这些从句有时是相互并列的关系，有时是嵌套关系。理解句子的时候应注意区分。,1、The boss at last got a chance to visit the village where he used to work ，which he had been dre

4、aming of for 20 years. 老板终于得到机会去访问他工作过的村庄，他一直梦想了20年。,2、America has more than fifty states，one of which，Kentucky， is the place where Abraham Lincoln was born. 美国有50多个州。其中之一的肯塔基州是林肯出生的地方。,三、找出阅读篇章中的定语从句,并理解这些句子。Lesson 3 Marco Polo,1.Whenhewas17yearsold,hetraveledacrossEuropeandAsia withhisfather,whowa

5、ntedtodotradewiththe Chinese.（L2),2. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperors Palace, especially the Summer Palace which he described as The greatest palace that ever was. ” (L13),3.There were inventions and developments in China which were not available in Europe at that time. (L16),4.Howe

6、ver, Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. (L27),5.The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, which became one of the best-selling books in Europe. (L30),6.Just before he died, aged 70, Marco was aske

7、d the question, “Was it all true?”, to which he replied,“I have only told half of what I saw!”（L35),读得懂：在认得出的基础上，理解含定语从句的句子。,关键：弄清楚逻辑关系，把各个 从句剔出来单独理解，再灵活处理把大意拼凑起来，构成整个 长句的意思，就可降低长句的理解难度，准确理解文意。,在理解含定语从句的句子时，一定要考虑到中英文的表达习惯。常见的理解方式有以下几种：,一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。,Space and oceans are the new

8、world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。,二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。,单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，并重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。,They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们制定出一种新方案

9、，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。,三、融合法:把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。,A driver who is driving the bus mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded.司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。,He wishes to write a

10、n article that will attract the public attention to the matter.为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。,In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。,实战演练,1.They had

11、no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.,2、My wife and I took the train from Paris to Strasbourg, where we were met by our driver and guide, and the mi

12、nibus which goes along with the boat.We stopped off in Barn for an hour on the way. Then were taken to Nancy where the boat was kept. (优化设计P37)Where did the author get off the train? A.Paris B. Strasbourg C. Nancy C. Barn,3、Steve Magellan, world-famous adventurer, has been missing for two days. The

13、man who flew around the world by himself in a balloon took off in a single-engine airplane from a private airport in Nevada.(优化设计P43) 判断句子正误：Steve Magellan often traveled around the world with someones company.,3、He didnt file a flight plan, so exactly where he went is unknown. Searchers are looking

14、 for him in a high desert, a 200 by 200 mile area with lots of ravines(沟壑）by air. “It would be very easy for a small plane like that to disappear for months,” said an officer from the Civil Air Patrol. The plane, like most small planes, did not have a “black box,” which sends out radio signals in ev

15、ent of a crash. A friend of Magellans said that he usually wears a watch that can send radio signals. But no signals were coming from that watch, if he was in fact wearing it. (.(优化设计P43-44),Which of the following is Not a difficulty for the searchers?A.Its unknown where he was going exactly.B.The s

16、hape of the place where Steve Magellan was missing was complicated(复杂的).C. Steve Magellan lost his watch which can send out radio signals.D.The plane had no machine sending out radio signals.,用得上：识别是理解的前提，理解是运用的根本。在语言学习中，运用才是王道。,定语从句在写作中的运用,As we have known, Marco Polo was a great explorer .,Marco P

17、olo,who was an Italian, travelled all around China.,Marco Polo traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.,用定语从句翻译短语:1.一个出生在Italy的旅行家a traveller who was born in Italy2.作燃料的黑色的石头the black stones（which/that） people used to burn for fuel.3.欧洲所没有的发明the inven

18、tions which were not available in Europe,4. 大厅可轻易容纳6000人同时进餐的宫殿 the palace hall can easily seat 6000 people for dinner 5.他向另一个囚徒讲述他的故事的地方 the place he told his stories to another prisoner6. 人们不相信他的故事的原因the reason people didnt believe his stories,恰当地使用定语从句可以提升作文的档次,例句示范：杰克来自加拿大， 他在我们学校已经学习了3年,他不仅经常帮助

19、我们学英语， 而且中文也讲的很不错。Jack is from Canada.He has studied in our school for three years .He often helps us learn English .He speaks Chinese very well.,杰克来自加拿大， 他在我们学校已经学习了3年,他不仅经常帮助我们学英语， 而且中文也讲的很不错。Jack comes from Canada. He is a student of our school where he has studied for 3 years .Not only does he o

20、ften help us learn English but he speaks Chinese fluently as well.,杰克来自加拿大， 他在我们学校已经学习了3年,他不仅经常帮助我们学英语， 而且中文也讲的很不错。 Jack is a student of our school ,who comes from Canada.He has studied in our school for three years .He often helps us learn English ,and he speaks Chinese very well.,Our class is a bi

21、g family. It is made up of 36 girls and 15 boys. All of them are very diligent and warm-hearted.,Our class is a big family, which is made up of 36 girls and15 boys, all of whom are very diligent and warm-hearted.,句式提升,Without water, man cant live, so it is of great importance.Water, without which ma

22、n cant live, is of great importance.句子“瘦身”。使用定语从句后句子更简练,He made brilliant remarks on the famous film.The remarks that he made on the famous film was brilliant.He thought of an important way to deal with it.The way he thought of to deal with it was of great importance. (“高级”变中来；使用定语从句突出了brilliant和imp

23、ortance),练一练把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句1.Marco Polo was a great explorer. He lived in China forsome time._2.He traveled across Europe and Asia with his father.His father wanted to do trade with the Chinese. _,3. He traveled across Europe and Asia with his father.His father wanted to do trade with t

24、he Chinese. _4. The arrived in Beijing. They were warmly welcomed by the Yuan Dynasty. _,5. The emperor was impressed by Marco Polo. Marco was clever and could speak four languages. _6. Marco was impressed by the the Summer Palace. The palaces hall can easily seat 6000 people for dinner. _,7. Marco

25、was also surprised by the inventions and developments in China. They were not available in Europe at that time. _8. Marco was confused by the black stones. People used them to burn for fuel._,9. Marco ruturned to his town. A local war broke out there. _10. A local war broke out .During the war,Marco

26、 was the captainof a warship._,11. Marco was caught by the enemy and put in prison.In the prison, he told his stories to another prisoner.The stories later became a best-selling book. _12. People enjoyed reading his stories about China. Most of the stories were too fantastic to be true._,13. Just before he died, aged 70, Marco was asked the question, “Was it all true?”.He replied to it, “I have only told half of what I saw!”_14. Marco Polo was a very brave, determined, and courageous explorer.He set a good example to us._,作业：选用以上句子,写一篇有关Marco Polo的文章。,