中考英语总复习语法专项PPT课件(含语法思维导图)：5介词和介词短语.ppt

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1、语法互动(五)介词和介词短语,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,1介词表示时间、方位、方式的基本用法。2一些易混介词的辨析及介词短语的运用。,中考考点,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,1in/on/at,(1)in用在世纪、年份、季节、月份，不特定的上、下午和晚上等词前面 It often rains_ July.七月份经常下雨。 (2)on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上、下午 She was born_ the morning of May 10th. 她出生于五月十日的早晨。 (3)at表示在某个时刻或者某个瞬间 We left _ 2 oclock. 我们在两点钟离开的。,考点一 表示时间

2、的介词,in,on,at,(1)“after(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在时刻之后”，常用于过去时。He said that he would be here _ 5：00.他说他五点钟之后会来这儿。(2)“in(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”，常用于将来时。My mother is coming back from England _about a month.我母亲大约一个月以后从英国回来。,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,after,in,2after/in,(1)by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成，常用于完成时。Can you repair my bike _ Saturday? 星

3、期六之前你能修好我的自行车吗？(2)until表示动作持续到何时。We must work here_ ten oclock.我们必须一直在这里工作到十点钟。,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,by,until,3by/until,(1)“since(具体时刻/that从句)”表示“自从起一直到现在”。 Uncle Li has worked in this factory _ 2000. 李叔叔自从2000年起就在这家工厂工作了。 (2)“for(一段时间)”表示“有之久”。 Uncle Li has worked in this factory _ over 10 years. 李叔叔在这家

4、工厂已经工作了十多年。,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,since,for,4since/for,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,考点二 表示地点或方位的介词,1at/in/on,(1)at 用于小地点前。(2)in用于大地点前。,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,Harbin is in the north of China.哈尔滨位于中国北部。Hunan is on the north of Guangdong.湖南在广东北部。Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国东部。,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,(1)between表示“在两者之间”。Dont

5、sit _ the two girls.不要坐在这两个女孩中间。(2)among表示“在三者或三者以上人或物之间”。The village lies_ hills.这个村庄坐落于群山之间。,between,among,2between/among,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,3across/through(1)across强调从表面穿过。Go_ the bridge, and you will find the park.穿过这座桥，你就会找到公园。(2)through强调从一定的空间内穿过。The river runs _ the city.这条河流经这座城市。,across,throu

6、gh,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,4over/above (1)over强调在某一物体的正上方，其反义词为under。 There is a bridge _ the river. 河上有座桥。 (2)above强调在上方，但不一定是正上方，其反义词为below。 The average temperature here in summer is well _ 30. 这里夏天的平均温度远远超过30。,over,above,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,5in front of/in the front of(1)in front of表示在某一空间外部的前面There is a big

7、 tree _the house.房子前面有一棵大树。(2)in the front of表示在某一空间内部的前面There is a big desk_ our classroom.我们的教室的前面有一张大桌子。,in front of,in the front of,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,考点三 常见介词的用法,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,We won our match _ that team.我们在比赛中赢了那个队。The desk is_ the wall.书桌靠墙放着。I go to school _ bus.我乘坐公共汽车去上学。Do you go_ that su

8、permarket? 你路过那家超市吗？The students are examined one _ one.学生们一个挨一个地接受检查。,against,against,by,by,by,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,My mother bought a present_ me.我妈妈给我买了一份礼物。We set off_ New York.我们动身去纽约。She stayed there _ a week.她在那儿待了一周。Many teenagers live _ their parents.许多青少年和他们的父母住在一起。I sat down on the chair _ hol

9、es in it.我坐在有孔的椅子上。,for,for,for,with,with,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,考点四 含有介词的重点短语,在家 at home在学校 at school在工作 _立刻 at once在晚上 at night 在一年中不好的时节 at a bad time of the year 在的尽头 at the end of在的开始 at the beginning of,at work,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,到达 arrive in(at)同意某人 agree with sb. 以开始 _擅长 be good at 对有害处 be bad for 充满

10、be full of 确信 be sure of/about习惯于 _对某人要求严格 be strict with sb. 对某事要求严格 be strict in sth.,begin/start with,be used to,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,忙于做某事 be busy with sth. 迟到 be late for 生某人的气 be angry with sb. 对某人感到满意 be pleased with sb. 对感兴趣 be interested in 与不同 _以为骄傲 be proud of 对感到厌烦 be tired of 赶上 catch up wit

11、h 依靠 depend on,be different from,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,在方面做得好 do well in充满/装满 fillwith 与相处 _听说 _收到的来信 _在某方面帮助某人 help sb. with sth .在的前面(外部) in front of 在的前面(内部) in the front of 在户外；在野外 in the open air 最后，终于 in the end,get on/along with,hear of,hear from,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,及时 _匆忙，急忙 in a hurry 在阳光下 _事实上 in fa

12、ct 处于困境中 in trouble 看 look at 寻找 look for照顾，照看 look after/take care of检查 look over 嘲笑 _,in time,in the sun,laugh at,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,动身去某处 _与交朋友 make friends with 在某人回家的路上 on ones way home展出 _究竟，到底 on earth 在顶部 on the top of 另一方面 on the other hand 值日；值班 on duty 步行 _,leave for sp,on show/display,on fo

13、ot,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,.用适当的介词填空1Theres no secret _ you and me.2Alan bought a big house _ a nice garden.3Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.4Theres a big smile _ her face. Shes very happy. 5We are looking forward _ winning the match.6Its very kind _ you to help me with my lessons.7I borrowed some money

14、_ my friend to buy a camera. 8A little monkey is playing_a tree and there are a lot of bananas_ it.,考点过关训练,on,between,with,in,on,to,of,from,in,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,9Welcome to our store. We have skirts _ all colors _ $16 each.10My mother says my friend is similar _ me, but I think she is different _ me.单

15、项填空1I hear our teacher will be back_three weeks.Aat Bin Cfor Dafter2I usually get up _ 7：00 _ the morning.Ain; at Bat; in Cin; in Dat; on,B,B,in,for,to,from,语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语,3She went _ the street to make some purchases.Aacross BthroughCover Dabove4How do you study English?I study English _ talking w

16、ith my foreign friends.Aby Bin Cat Don5It is careless _ him to lose his wallet again. I think it necessary _ him to be more careful next time.Aof; to Bof; forCfor; for Dof; of,A,A,B,语法互动(六)连词,语法互动(六) 连词,1. 并列连词and, but, so, or等的主要用法。2. 常用的从属连词的基本用法。,中考考点,考点一 并列连词,语法互动(六) 连词,语法互动(六) 连词,注意 1.not onlyb

17、ut also, neithernor和eitheror连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致；bothand连接两个主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；而as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词与as well as 前面的主语保持人称和数的一致。,语法互动(六) 连词,Not only he but also his parents are listening to the song.不仅他而且他的父母都在听这首歌。Neither you nor I am serious enough.你和我都不够严肃。Either Jane or her friends are wrong

18、.要么简错了，要么她的朋友们错了。Both Bill and John run every morning.比尔和约翰每天晨跑。,语法互动(六) 连词,2“祈使句or结果句”相当于“If you dont， youll”，其中，or意为“否则”。Hurry up, or youll be late.If you dont hurry up, you ll be late.快点，否则你会迟到。3but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，不能与though和although连用。有类似用法的还有so，不能与because, since, as连用。He tried to catch up with oth

19、ers, but he failed.他试图赶上别人，但失败了。He got up late, so he didnt catch the early bus.因为他起床晚了，所以没有赶上早班车。,语法互动(六) 连词,1表时间。常见词(组)有when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, notuntil， as soon as。Ill ring you as soon as I reach Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。They didnt stop until they finished the work.他们直到完成工作

20、才停下来。When he comes back, Ill give you a call.他回来时，我会给你打电话的。,考点二 从属连词,语法互动(六) 连词,2表原因。常见词有because, since, as。I didnt go, because I was afraid.我没去，因为我害怕。Since you are free today, youd better take a good rest.既然你今天有空，你最好好好休息。3表条件。常见词有if, unless。If it rains, Ill go by car.如果下雨，我就乘小汽车去。You cannot succeed

21、 unless you work hard.如果你不努力，你是不会成功的。,语法互动(六) 连词,4表结果。常见词组有sothat, suchthat。It was raining so hard that we couldnt see the road.雨下得如此大，以至于我们看不见路。5表让步。常见词(组)有though, even though/if, although, “no matter疑问词”。Even though/if you say so, I dont believe it.即使你这么说，我也不信。6表目的。常见词组有so that, in order that。I ne

22、ed to get up early so that I can catch the early bus. 我需要早起，以便赶上早班车。,语法互动(六) 连词,7表方式。常见词(组)有as if, as though, as。The child talked to us as if he were a grownup.那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。8表地点。常见词有where, wherever。Wherever he goes, he always brings his pet dog.他无论去哪里，总是带着他的宠物狗。9表比较。常见词(组)有than, (not) asas。Car

23、ol speaks English as well as you do.卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好。,语法互动(六) 连词,注意 if意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句；if意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句。I wonder if he can make soup.我想知道他是否会做汤。Theyll go home as soon as possible if their work is finished.如果他们完成了工作，将会尽快回家。辨析 sothat与suchthat这两种结构都表示“如此以至于”，其区别如下：soadj./adv.that从句，such名词(短语)that从句。The gir

24、l was so kind that we all liked her.She was such a kind girl that we all liked her.这个女孩如此善良，以至于我们大家都喜欢她。,语法互动(六) 连词,.根据汉语意思完成句子1电影功夫熊猫如此精彩，以至于许多孩子都喜欢看。The movie Kung fu Panda is _ wonderful _many children enjoy watching it.2除非他立即戒烟，否则他的病情会加重。His illness will get worse, _ he _ _ smoking at once.3父亲和我

25、都喜欢看篮球比赛。_ my father _ I love watching basketball matches.,考点过关训练,so,that,unless,gives,Both,and,up,语法互动(六) 连词,4上周六，汤姆和玛丽都没有和我们一起去看电影。_ Tom _ Mary went to the movies with us last Saturday.5我一收到你的来信就会给你打电话。 I _ call you up _ _ _ I hear from you.,as,Neither,nor,will,as,soon,语法互动(六) 连词,.单项填空1You have co

26、ughed for several days, Bill.Stop smoking, _ youll get better soon.AbutBafterCor Dand 2_ Lily _ Lucy is going with you, because one of them must stay at home.ANot only; but also BNeither; norCBoth; and DEither; or3You will fail the exam _ you work hard.Aunless BonceCsince Dafter,A,D,D,语法互动(六) 连词,4Ri

27、ng me up _ you come to my house, will you?Sure, I will.Athough BwhileCbefore Duntil5I told him the news _he came back yesterday.Auntil Bas soon asCunless Dif6_ you use your dictionary often, your spelling will improve.AWhether BIfCThough DWhile,B,C,B,语法互动(六) 连词,7I am writing to you _ Im afraid to ta

28、lk about it face to face.Abecause Bthough Cuntil Dso8In China and some other countries, it is impolite to speak loudly _ you are having a meal.Abefore Bwhile Cafter Din9Would you like to hang out with me?Id love to, _ I have to study for a test.Aand Bso Cbut Dor10Im going to take him to some famous hutongs _ he can learn more about China.Abecause Bwhen Cso that Das if,B,A,C,C,语法互动(六) 连词,