北京大学应用化学专业英语教案ppt课件.ppt

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1、专业英语教案Teaching Plan on Specialized English Course for Applied Chemistry课程类型：化学系专业选修课Lesson Type: Specialized Course for Applied Chemistry,Teaching Plan on Specialized English CoursePart 1 Physical PropertiesPart 2 Chemical EquationsPart 3 Chemical CalculationPart 4 TranslationPart 5 A brief introduc

2、tion to scientific writing in English,Part 1 Physical Properties物 理 性 质,1）Colour 颜色 colourless red-brown violet-black (墨紫色） purple-black （紫黑色） pale yellow dark brown （深褐色 ）,2）state,solid liquid gasgaseous oily （油性的） crystalline uncrystallinemolten fused （熔合的）,3）smell,odourless （无臭的）Pungent （有刺激味的） p

3、enetrating （渗透的）Choking （窒息的） sour sweetbitter,4）solubility,soluble insoluble slightly soluble very soluble （极易溶解的）,5）observations,recipitate milk（乳白色的）aqueous solution,6）density,heavy light less denseabout the same dense,7）hardness,hard soft ductile（韧性） malleable（可塑性）,8）toxicity：tksisti,toxic poiso

4、nous,9）melting point boiling point,High low,10）conductivity,electronic conductivitythermal conductivityconductorsemiconductorInsulator （绝缘体）,Disproportionation (岐化)Neutralization (中和)exothermic reaction (放热反应) ,eksu:mik endothermic reaction（吸热反应）,endu:mik reversible reaction forward reaction reverse

5、 reaction spontaneous reaction （自发反应） nonspontaneous reaction,1.反应名称：,化 学 方 程 式,Part 2 Chemical Equations,2、反应条件,heat ; burn ignite/ignition electrolyze/electrolysis （电解作用） under/at ambient/room temperature under standard pressure with/in the presence of catalyst,3、 读 法,3.1 Nitrogen reacts with hydr

6、ogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.,高温，高压,1 mol nitrogen reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form 2 mol ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.,3.2,Reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure w

7、ith the presence of a catalyst gives ammonia.,At high temperature and pressure, reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst takes place.,Zinc treated with hydrochloric acid forms hydrogen and zinc chloride,2,3.3,when calcium carbonate heated produces calcium oxide and carbon dio

8、xide Calcium carbonate is heated to yield calcium oxide and carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when it is heated,3.1 化 学 术 语,atomic mass/weight ； molecular weightamount (of substance)； molenumber of moles ； molar massmolar volume ； concentrationmolarity ；

9、 excess agentlimiting agent ； reactantproduct ； yield,Part 3 Chemical Calculation（化学计算 ）,3.2 数学术语：, 运算名称 addition substraction mulplication division动词读法add substract(ed)from multiply(ied)by divide(d)by介词读法plus minus times over运算结果 sum difference product quotient,0.001 o/zero point o o one2/3 two thi

10、rds equals/is equal to is approximately equal to less than greater thanx2 x squaredx3 x cubed x-10 x to the minus tenth power100oc one hundred degrees centigrade 5% five percent (by mass, volume)（） round brackets/parentheses square/angular brackets braces,基 本 形 状,linear pyramidal 三角锥的trigonal tetrah

11、edral 正四面体的square spherical 球形的rectangularovalcircle,planar,steroscopic,Part4 Translation,(English-Chinese and Chinese-English),I.Important Role of Translation,Translation is a rendering from one language into another,i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in an

12、other language.,As a means of communication, translation play an important role in human civilization. In the west, literary translation can traced back to300 BC, While in china, recorded translation activities are even earlier, dating from the Zhou Dynasty(1100BC).Hower, not until recent centuries,

13、especially by the end of the 19th century did systematic study of translation get underway. In the past decadestranslation theories and activities have developed fast at home and abord.,A morden society sees an extensive use of translation on various occasion. If a foreign language is generlly accep

14、ted as a tool of life, translation then obviously serves as a dynamic means of emplooying this tool. A proper and dexterous translation helps to promote mutual understanding between pepoles of different cultural and social backgrounds, whereas a misunderstanding or improper rendering of words or exp

15、ressions may lead to confusion.,.Nature and Scope of Translation,What is Translation? Some people believe it is a science, others take it as an art; and yet many consider it a craft, or rather, a skill.,Of these varied opinions, which one holds true for our purpose?,If it refers to a subject, namely

16、, the study of translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science, if it refers to some specific pieces of translation, then it is more like a n art, If it refers to a process, in which something is translated, then we may regard it as a craft or a skill.,Translation covers a very broad range.

17、In terms of languages ,it can be divided into two categories: from native languages into foreign languages and vice versa; in terms of the mode, it can be divided into oral interpretation, written translation and machine translation; in terms of materials to be translated, there is translation of sc

18、ientific materials, translation of literary works such as novels, poety drama, etc., translation of political essays such as treatises on social problems, reports, speeches, etc., in terms of disposal, it can be either full-text translation, abridged translation or adapted translation.,.Principles a

19、nd Criteria of Translation,The so-called principles and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the samething. The former lays emphasis on the translator; while the latter on the reader or critic.,Yan Fus “three-character guide”: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.,.Literal Tran

20、slation and Free Translation,The so-called literal translation, generally speaking, means “not to alter the original words and sentences”; strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.,Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convery the

21、 meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.,1. Theres no pot so ugly it cant find a lid,2. Little fish does not eat big fish,3. What the tongue says, the neck pays for,4. What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster,5. A gift is

22、the key to open the door closed agaist you,. Translation Techniques,Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques that merit our attention and that are to be applied in English-Chinese and Chinese-English translations include:,(1)Diction(2)Amplification(3)Omission(4)Repetition(5)Conversion(6)

23、Restructuring(7)Negation(8)Division,科技英语的写作,科技论文中文写作,科技论文英文写作,科技论文的写作,明确所研究的方向,设计实验,着手实验,撰写论文,科技论文的中文写作,写作步骤,3结论,2结果与讨论,1实验部分,引言,作者及单位,题目,参考文献,摘要,作者为几个单位的，请在右上角用上标形式标出去，姓名间空一格，作者单位标至二级单位，单位间用分号隔开；,作者及单位,示例（注意项目、顺序、英文大小写、标点符号） 离体培养条件下半夏叶柄形成珠芽过程中内源激素的变化* 常 莉1) 徐有明1) 薛建平2)*(1)华中农业大学园艺林学学院，武汉 430070；2）安

24、徽省淮北煤炭师范学院生物系，淮北 235000),首页面脚注示例（注意项目、顺序及标点符号）*国家农业成果转化基金(05EFN213400124)和淮北市重点项目(06125)资助*通讯作者. E-mail: 常莉,女,1981年生, 华中农业大学园艺林学学院硕士研究生,武汉 430070赵铭钦，男，1964年生，副教授.工作单位: 河南农业大学农学院,国家烟草栽培生理生化基地,郑州 450002. E-mail:,中文摘要为报道式摘要，包括简要介绍研究目的、 材料、方法和结论，结果要求详细 。,摘要,关键词间用分号隔开，分号后空半格。,关键词,摘要示例,为研究黄花蒿生长发育过程中青蒿素含量的

25、动态变异特性，对黄花蒿生长发育过程中青蒿素含量的变化进行了研究，实验表明：黄花蒿下部叶中青蒿素含量明显高于中、上部；黄花蒿上午采收样青蒿素含量明显高于下午；时间越长，青蒿素的含量越黄花蒿生长高；黄花蒿在整个的生长发育过程中，从营养生长末期到花蕾期，青蒿素含量有递增趋势，开花后青蒿素含量明显下降。关键词：黄花蒿；青蒿素；动态变异；含量,摘要：为了探讨不同穗型品种水稻的穗部性状与产量和稻米品质的关系（表示目的），以辽宁省近年育成的水稻品种（品系）为试材（交待材料），（必要时介绍方法）进行了品种类型间的比较研究。结果表明：根据水稻着粒密度可将试材分为散穗型、半散穗型、半紧穗型和紧穗型四种类型。各类型

26、间稻谷产量差异显著，其中半散穗型和半紧穗型品种产量较高。紧穗型品种的一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数和每穗空秕粒数都较多，成粒率较低。除了散穗型品种整精米率显著高于半散穗型和半紧穗型品种外，散穗型、半散穗型和半紧穗型间其它品质性状差异不显著，三者品质明显好于紧穗型品种。着粒密度与每穗成粒数、产量呈抛物线，与碱消值呈显著负相关，与谷草比呈显著正相关；产量与食味值呈显著的正相关。在籽粒灌浆结实期，半散穗型和半紧穗型品种的单叶净光合速率较高，后期生产的干物质较多，谷草比较大（明确介绍结果）。半紧穗型和半散穗型品种在产量较高，食味品质较好，选择适宜着粒密度的材料，容易育出高产优质品种（得出结论）。,包括研究的重

27、要意义、前人研究进展、研究切入点及拟解决的关键问题。,前言,前言示例：【本研究的重要意义】穗型是株型的重要组成部分，是水稻的重要形态特征之一，随着水稻穗型由弯到直，穗型与稻米品质的协调关系已成为日益重要的研究内容1-3。【前人研究进展】徐正进等4按颈穗弯曲角度划分为直立、半直立和弯曲3种穗型；周开达等5按单穗重划分为重穗型、中穗型和轻穗型；Yamamoto6等按着粒密度划分为紧穗型、半紧穗型、半散穗型和散穗型。徐正进等按穗型指数2（PTI）划分为上部优势型、中部优势型和下部优势型。穗部性状与结实率7，与碾米品质8 、物质积累与分配9，籽粒灌浆特性10以及产量潜力11关系密切。【本研究切入点】近

28、年来，随着水稻品种产量不断提高和要求品质的改善，介于紧穗型和散穗型之间的中间类型有增加的趋势。【拟解决的关键问题】本文以辽宁省近年育成的水稻品种（品系）为材料，对以着粒密度为指标，对不同穗型品种的穗部性状和稻米品质进行探讨。旨在探索穗型分类与指标，为水稻产量提高和品质的改良提供理论依据。,有机磷农药作为高效杀虫剂, 对蔬菜、稻米、瓜果生长作出了巨大贡献,但是,这些农药对水体和生态环境的污染也日益严重，这些污染影响了人类的生存,它对人畜毒性较大,近年来许多食物中毒事件都是由于有机磷等农药残留所引起的,农药残留严重威胁着人类健康。目前除了推广使用低毒农药外, 研究此类农药的有效降解方法也有重要意义

29、。近年来逐渐发展起来的光催化降解技术为这一问题的解决提供了良好的途径1-2。 二氧化钛(TiO2)光催化降解技术是近年来逐渐发展起来污染治理的技术之一。TiO2在环保方面的突出优点就是活性高、稳定性好、对人体无害、过量使用也不会引发污染问题，成为最受欢迎的一种光催化剂，被称为“绿色”的污染治理技术3-4。TiO2及其改性物对农药的催化作用在国内较少报道,尤其是稀土改性的TiO2对农药降解的相关报道甚少,本文研究了铒掺杂TiO2对甲胺磷的光催化降解的影响。,科技论文的英文写作,写作步骤,4.Conclusion,3.Rusults and discussion,2.Experimental se

30、ction,1.Introduction,Author and his work address,Title,Refference,Abstract,Figure captions,Acknowledgement,Figures,Tables,Keep these in mind when you read What is the major question addressed in this paper? Is this question important and why? What are the approaches used in this paper, and whether t

31、hey are adequate for the questions?What are the novel idea or using innovative approaches? What is the concept coming out of this paper? Do the results presented support this new concept?,How to Read Scientific Papers?,Titles, Important/significant Unexpected/unusual Function Mechanisms Straight for

32、ward, Rationale “remain unknown”; “To determine” Summary statement “Here we show” Body Dont go into details; dont use many special terms,Abstract,Study on Dynamic Variance Character of Arteannuin Content in Artemisia annual1）Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaih

33、ua 418008)2）The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for the study and utilize of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources, Huaihua 418008)Abstract Inthispaper, the dynamic Variance characteristics of Arteannuin Content was studied. The results showed that artenisinin content of artemisia annua in the lower leave

34、s is higher than middle and upside; the content of morning harvesting samples is higher than afternoon harvesting samples; the longer the growth of artemisia annua, the higher the content is; in the whole process of artemisia annua growth, the artenisinin content increased gradually from late vegeta

35、tive stage to full bud stage, but it decreased significantly after flowering stage.Key words: Artemisia annua; Artemisinin; Dynamic variance character,Studies on Dynamic Variance Character of Arteanuin Content in Artemisia annualAbstract Inthispaper, the dynamic variance character was studied on art

36、eanuin content in artemisia annual growing development. The results show：artenisinin content is higher on lower part than middle and upside in leaf of annual artemisia. The artemisinin content is higher collection at 8:00 a.m than at 3:00 p.m in leaf of annual artemisia. If planting is earlier or gr

37、owing development time is longer，arteannuin content is higther.The artenisinin content increases gradually from late vegetative stage to full bud（芽） stage, but it decreases markedly on the flowering stageKey words: annua Artemisia; Artemisinin; Dynamic variance character, Summary of main findings Pa

38、pers that support you, but dont downgrade your novelty Pitfalls and why Significance. Dont speculate too much,Discussion, Logic Need to explain the rationales in the beginning Connections between paragraphs Dont jump,Results, main findings significance suggested reviewers “not to review” list who ha

39、ve read,Cover Letters,Be calm about reviewers criticisms.Always make editor your friendNever argue with reviewersTry to do everything that reviewers askSeize the opportunity when reviewers make mistakes,Revise your paper,Read the Abstract and then answer the questions:（中文回答）Tuthor: ZHANG Deng-wei,TE

40、NG Xin-ying, LI Bo,ZHANG Wen-jieTitle: Effects of AI on Glass-Forming Ability and Thermal Stability of Cu-Based Metallic GlassAbstract: The Cu45Zr45.5-yTi9.5Aly（y=2,4,6,8） bulk metallic glass （BMG） alloys were synthesized in copper mold casting in an argon atmosphere. The effect of A1 on the glass f

41、orming ability （GFA） was analyzed. The microstructure and thermal properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） as well as differential scanning calorimetrieally （DSC）, separately. The results show that when x （Al） = 6%, the glass forming abilit

42、y（GFA） and thermal stability are the best. The alloy has the largest supercooled liquid region, about 65.3 , and the glass transition temperature （ trg ） is 0.61. Whereas the samples with x（Al） = 4% exhibit the best trg ,which is 0.64, however, the supercooled liquid region is only 48.4(1) What methods were used to analyze the microstructure and thermal properties of alloys? (2) What do the words “supercooled” and “the glass transition temperature” mean? (3) What are the main results of this study?,