同义句转换ppt课件.ppt

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1、同义句转换,初中英语解读同义句型转换 同义句转换题是近几年英语中考的一个常考题型,它综合考查语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析, 我们发现这类题目主要考查以下几个方面:一、运用同义词(组)进行转换 运用同义词或词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换,注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如:The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school. The teacher always _ _the children well in the school.

2、,looks after,分析:答案为looks after 。take good care of与look after. well都表示“好好照顾”。,二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换 运用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思,主要考查学生对反义词或词组的积累及换位思维的能力。如:I think wealth is less important than health. I _think wealth is _ important than health.,dont more,分析:答案为dont, more 。less important的意为“没有(不及)重要”;more imp

3、ortant的意为“比更重要”,该结构与not连用,则表示“不比更重要”。,三、运用不同语态进行转换 运用语态的变化来完成同义句转换,但此时要特别注意时态、数等的一致性。如:More and more people use computers in the world today. Computers _ _by more and more people in the world today.,are used,分析:答案为are used。computers是复数名词,助动词用are。,四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换 涉及到完成时态的题目, 还应注意非延续性动词与延续性动词间的转换,

4、这时句子往往会有形式、时态等的变化。如:The film began five minutes ago. The film has been _ _five minutes.,分析:答案为on for。begin表开始,为非延续性动词,应变为相应的延续性动词be。“for+时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”,常与现在完成时连用。,on for,五、直接引语与间接引语的相互转换 将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语要注意宾语从句相关知识, 如时态、人称、动词、状语等的相应变化。如:“Ive found my wallet,” he said to me.He _me that he _

5、 _ his wallet.,分析:答案为told, had found。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。,told had found,六、某些典型句式或结构间的转换 这类典型的句式或结构有so.that., too.to., enough to, not.until., so + be (助动词、情态动词等).等。如:Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his parents.,分析:答案为so do。句意为“他的父母也一样(一样想去

6、)”。,so do,七、不同句子类型间的转换 1)将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如:We didnt go out for a walk because it was raining. We didnt go out for a walk _ _ the rain. 2)将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如: Come on, or well miss the early bus. _we _ hurry, well miss the early bus.,分析:答案为because of。将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表

7、示原因的介词短语because of the rain。,分析:答案为If, dont。改后为if引导条件状语从句。,because of,If dont,3) 运用关联连词如both. and., neither. nor., either. or., not only. but also.等将两个句合并。此时要注意的是,both. and.连接两个主语时,谓语动词总是用复数,而neither. nor., either. or., not only. but also.连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如:Tom cant speak Japanese well and

8、Jim cant, either._ Tom _ Jim can speak Japanese well.,分析:答案填Neither, nor。neither. nor.表示“和(两者)都不”,刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。,Neither nor,一、用同义词或词组替换原句的有关部分。如： Mr Li Yang knows both Japanese and RussianMr Li Yang knows not only Japanese but also Russian 二、用反义词改写原句有关部分。如： 1Tom is younger than Mike Mike is ol

9、der than Tom 2The old man walks so slowly The old man doesnt walk fast enough 三、用相同意义的不同句型改写。如： My father spent one year learning EnglishIt took my father one year to learn English,四、用不定式改写。如： My sister is so young that she cant go to schoolMy sister is too young to go to school 五、用介词短语改写。如： My brot

10、her went to college when he was seventeenMy brother went to college at the age of seventeen 六、用连词改写。如： Mike wont comeHis sister wont come, eitherNeither Mike nor his sister will come,七、变成含有状语从句的复合句。如： 1Hurry, or youll be late If you dont hurry，youll be late 2Mr Li spoke loud and everyone could hear

11、him Mr Li spoke so loud that everyone could hear him 3I wont see the filmIve seen it twice I wont see the film because Ive seen it twice 八、变成含有宾语从句的复合句。如： 1She missed us very muchShe told us She told us（that）she missed us very much 2Is Mr Nabil a teacher？Do you know？ Do you know if Mr Nabil is a tea

12、cher？,中考英语同义句转换集中练（上） 一、用同义词或近义词、词组来替换句中的某些词或词组。 1）My father mended my bike yesterday My father _ my bike yesterday 2）I would like to buy some English books on Sunday I _ to buy some English books on Sunday 3）We enjoyed ourselves in the park We _ _ _ _ in the park 4）My aunt returned on a Friday afte

13、rnoon My aunt _ _ on a Friday afternoon,repaired,want,had a great time,went back,二、同义句式之间的转换。 1表示时间的句型之间的转换 5）Its time for class Its time _ _ classes 6）It took them three hours to do the work They _ three hours _the work 7）They often go to school at five thirtyThey often go to school _ _ _ _ ,to hav

14、e,spent on / doing,at half past five,2形容词、副词比较等级之间的转换 8）Tom studies the hardest in our class Tom studies _ than _ _ _ in our class 9）He isnt so tall as you Youre _ _ he 3表示交通方式句型之间的转换 10）We usually go to work by bike We usually go to work _ _ bike We usually take a bike to go to work.11）They go to s

15、chool on foot They _ to their school,harder any other student,taller than,on a,walk,4问路及指路句型之间的转换 12）How can I get to the Peoples Park？ _ _ _ _ to the Peoples Park？ 13）Go along and take the second turning on the leftWalk down and turn _ _ _ _ _.5表示天气、距离句型之间的转换 14）How is the weather today？ _ is the w

16、eather _ today？ 15）The rain will be heavy tomorrow It will _ _ tomorrow There will be _ _ _ tomorrow 6）How far is it from here to Beijing？ _ _ _ _ it is from here to Beijing！,Which is the way,left at the second crossing,What like,rain heavily,a heavy rain,Tell me how far,6感叹句式之间的转换 17）What a clever

17、boy he is！_ _ the boy is！ How clever _ _ he is！ 7too-to-与enough to之间的转换18）He is too young to join the armyHe is not _ _ to join the army,How clever,a boy,old enough,一、运用同义词（组）进行转换 用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如： 1. That day we could see flowers here and there. That day we coul

18、d see flowers _. 2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school. The teacher always_ _the children well in the school.,分析：答案为everywhere。everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。,分析：答案为looks after。take good care of与look afterwell都表示“好好照顾”。,二、运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换 即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生

19、对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力。如： 1. Its clear that this visit is different from last time. Its clear that this visit is not the_ _last time. 2. I think wealth is less important than health. I _ think wealth is _ important than health. 另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如： He lent some money to his friend. His

20、 friend _ some money _ him. 。,分析：答案为same as。be different from意为“与不同”；the same as意为“与相同”，其否定式与be different from同义。,分析：答案为dont，more。less important的意思是“没有（不及）重要”；more important的意思是“（比）更重要”，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比更重要”。,分析：答案为borrowed，from。borrowfrom意为“向借”；lendto意为“把借给”。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句,三、运用

21、不同语态进行转换 即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：1. Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should_ _ _ on time. 2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today. Computers _ widely _ in the world today.,分析：答案为be given back。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词

22、用be。,分析：答案为are，used。computers是复数名词，助动词用are。,四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换 即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如： 1. The manager left two hours ago. The manager _ _ _ for two hours. 2. The film began five minutes ago. The film has been _ _ five minutes. 3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago. Mr Li _ _ _ the Pa

23、rty for twenty years.,分析：答案为has been away。leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成be away这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。,分析：答案为on for。has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续（一段时间）”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。,答案：has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入（组织，政党）”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成be in或be a member in。,五、运用不同引语进行转换 即将直接引语变为间接

24、引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：1. “Ive found my wallet,” he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ his wallet. 2. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _.,told had found,asked if / whether before,分析：答案为told，had found。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。,分析：答案为asked if/ whether, befor

25、e。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。,六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：1. We didnt go out for a walk because it was raining. We didnt go out for a walk _ _ the rain. 2. He was so excited that he couldnt go to sleep. He was _ _ _ go to sleep. 3. Now I will show you how to do the work. Now I will show yo

26、u _ _ _ do the work. 4. You should put them back after you use them. You should put them back _ _ them.,分析：答案为because of。将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain。,分析：答案为too excited to。将sothat换成tooto结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。,分析：答案为how you can。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。,分析：答案

27、为after using。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。,七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换 即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：1. Come on, or well miss the early bus. _ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus. 2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ us another

28、talk this week.,分析：答案为If，dont。if引导条件状语从句。,分析：答案为who/ that，will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。,八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子 即运用关联连词bothand，neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，bothand连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如

29、：1. Tom cant speak Japanese well and Jim cant, either. _ Tom _ Jim can speak Japanese well. 2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too. _ Alice _ Peter have read the book. 3. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes.,分析：

30、答案填Neither，nor。neithernor表示“和（两者）都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。,分析：答案为Both，and。bothand的意思是“和（两者）都”。,分析：答案为not only，but also。表示“不仅而且”之意。,九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换 这类典型结构如sothat，tooto，enough to，notuntil，so do I等。如：1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his

31、 parents. 2. John went to bed after he finished his homework. John _ go to bed _ he finished his homework.,分析：答案为so do。句意为“他的父母也一样（一样想去）”。,分析：答案为didnt，until。notuntil意为“直到才”。,常见的同义句转换其解题思路有以下几种： 1、用同义词（组）或近义词（组）改写 此法指用词性相同的同义词、近义词或同义词组替代原句的某些成分（又称“词语替代法”），而句子结构保持不变。这些同义词（组）多是平时学习的重点内容，如be able to, ca

32、n; arrive (in ) at, reach, get to; be good at , do well in; have a good time , enjoy oneself; look after, take care of; over, more than ; look the same, look like ; 等。Every day, the player receives emails from thousands of basketball fans.Every day, the player hears from thousands of basketball fans

33、.They will get to London in four days.They will arrive in London in four days.She is good at English. She does well in English.,2、运用反义词（组）改写 英语中有些反义词（组）具有非此即彼的排它性，因此其否定形式与其对应的反义词（组）同义。例如：same 与different, not same = different, not different = same; 不过要注意上下两句主语的互换。The runner couldnt catch up with the

34、others in the race.The runner fell behind the others in the race.Tom borrowed a picture book from the boy just now.The boy lent a picture book to Tom just now.I will go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow.I will go to the park unless it rains.,3、用派生词或一词多义改写 此类题型可采用“词类转化法”，利用某些派生词或词性相异的词组来代替原句中的某些

35、成分，此时句子结构一般会随之发生一些变化。例如：The snow was heavy last night. It snowed heavily last night.The foreigners have visited the Great Wall. The foreigners have been on a visit to the Great Wall.4、用介词短语改写My brother went to college when he was seventeen.My brother went to college at the age of seventeen.Tommy did

36、nt have breakfast and went to school. Tommy went to school without having breakfast.I usually walk to school. I usually go to school on foot.,5、用同义句改写 英语中有很多意义相同（相近）但结构不同的句型、句式，这些句型大多是学习的重点.常见的有：not as -as -与比较级的转换；than any other 与最高级的转换； when (after, before)引导的从句与not-until的转换； 瞬间动词（come, go, leave,

37、 buy , die, begin, borrow-）的过去时与含有一段时间状语的完成时的转换； take, cost, spend, pay for的转换；询问价格的几个句型的互相转换； what 引起的感叹句与how 引起的感叹句的转换等。She spent 30 dollars on the English -Chinese dictionary.The English -Chinese dictionary cost her 30 dollars.She paid 30 dollars for the English -Chinese dictionary.She spent 30 d

38、ollars buying the English -Chinese dictionary.How clever the man is! What a clever man he is!How old are you? Whats your age?We came home when it was six oclock. We didnt come home until/ before it was six oclock.,6、两句合一，合并成简单句 题目中如果提供两个句子，通常要将并列句中成分相同的部分用连词合并起来，使其成为一个简单句。常用的连词有：neither-nor-， either

39、-or-, both -and -, not only -but also-注意：由neither-nor-， either-or-, both -and -, not only -but also-等连接的并列主语，通常遵循就近原则，即谓语动词要与和它靠近的那个主语保持人称和数上的一致。另外，还常常使用too-to-， enough -to-等含有不定式的结构把两个句子合并成一个句子。He hasnt been to France. She hasnt been to France, either.Neither he nor she has been to France.The roon

40、isnt very big. It cant hold a lot of people.This room isnt big enough to hold a lot of people.Mrs Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.Mrs Smith is not only my teacher but also my good friend.,7、简单句与复合句的转换 复合句化为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组，使句意简单明了。用不定式、介词短语、名词短语、分词性短语等替换复合句中的句子；将宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”；将

41、so-that-，或such-that -引导的状语从句简化为含有too-to -， enoughto简单句；将if 引导的状语从句简化为“祈使句，and（or） + 一般将来时”的句子。I hope that I can see you again. I hope to see you again.Please tell me where we show our tickets.Please tell me where to show our tickets.If you dont hurry up, youll miss the early bus. Hurry up, or you wo

42、nt catch the early bus. 必须注意的是，简单句变为复合句时，很多情况下是把宾语扩大为宾语从句，从句中使用一般将来时或“情态动词+动词原形”。Could you tell me how to get to the post office?Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?,8、变成含有宾语从句的复合句 首先要判断所给句子是哪一类型（陈述句、特殊疑问句还是一般疑问句），然后确定所需要的连词，同时必须注意时态的对应和陈述句语序。She missed us very much. She told us.She t

43、old us that she missed us very much.Is Mr. Nobel a teacher? Could you tell me? Could you tell me if Mr. Nobel is a teacher?Wheres the foreigner from? He asked.He asked where the foreigner is from.,9、用以it作形式主语的句型进行转换 不定式所表示的动作发出者一般是句子的主语，但有时却不是，这时不定式常会带上自己的逻辑主语，这一主语通常由介词for 引出。He can finish the work

44、easily.It is easy for him to finish the work.He found to sleep was very difficult.He found it was very difficult for him to sleep.To learn English well is not easy.It is not easy to learn English well. 10、语态之间的转换 语态之间的转换是指主动语态和被动语态之间的相互转换。You must tidy your bedroom every day.Your bedroom must be tid

45、ied every day.The farm grows cotton. Cotton is grown on the farm.,11、综合转换 这类题目难度较大，要在把握句意的基础上对原句进行概括表达，遇到困难要多换个角度去思考，需要反复推敲才行。Something is wrong with that machine.That machine doesnt work.My father smoked a lot, but now he doesnt do. My father used to smoke, but now he gives it up.There is something

46、 wrong with my bike.Something is wrong with my bike.特别提示：so-that-，too-to-， enough-to-是初中英语教材中三个重要的句型结构，在一定条件下它们可以互相转换。, sothat.与enough.to.的转换当that 引导的从句是肯定的，从句主语与主句主语相同时，sothat可转化为enough to 结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，sothat可转化为enough for sb. to do sth 结构. Tom is so old that he can go to school. Tom is old en

47、ough to go to school.The box is so light that the child can lift it. The box is light enough for the child to lift.当that 引导的从句是否定的，从句主语与主句主语相同时，sothat可转化为enough to否定结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时， sothat可转化为enough for sb. to- 否定结构，但须注意的是，转换后的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。The man is so old that he cant go to work.The man isnt

48、 young enough to go to work.The desk is so heavy that I cant move itThe desk isnt light enough for me to move.,so-that-与too-to -转换 当that 引导的从句是否定的，从句主语与主句主语相同时，so-that-可转化为too-to -结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，so-that-可转化为too-for sb. to -结构。He is so young thathe cant go to school.He is too young to go to school

49、.The box is so heavy that I cant move it.The box is too heavy for me to move., enough-to-与too-to-转换enough -to-句式为否定式时，可以转换为too-to-结构，但转换后的结构中too -to-的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。He is not old enough to do the job.He is too young to do the job.Tom didnt walk slowly enough for us to keep up with him.Tom walked t

50、oo fast for us to keep up with him.,She was worried about the lost book and the librarians were worried ,too. She was worried about the lost book and_ _ the librarians.2. They went out to play football after they finished their homework. They_ go out to play football_ they finished their homework.3.